Phakathi neminyaka emine, abantu abangamashumi amabili baqala ukufunda isiNgisi ngaphakathi kwezindonga zehhovisi lethu, futhi babili kuphela abafinyelela izinga eliphezulu. Ngokuhamba kwenkulungwane yamahora okufunda, bazame amakilasi eqembu, ukubonisana komuntu ngamunye, izincwadi ze-Oxford, ama-podcasts, izindatshana ze-Medium, futhi babuka ne-"Silicon Valley" ekuqaleni. Ingabe kwakuwufanele umzamo? Konke akucaci kahle. Lapha ngizonikeza imibono yami ngokuthi yiliphi izinga eliwusizo ukuze umklami alifunde kahle, nokuthi kufanele ayeke nini ukufunda okugxilile.
Ukuhlukaniswa kwamazwe omhlaba kukhomba amazinga ayisithupha olwazi lwesiNgisi. Njengasezinhlelweni, lapha kunzima ukudweba umugqa ocacile phakathi kwe-upper-junior ne-pre-middle - imingcele inemibandela eminingi. Kodwa-ke, izifundo eziningi zakha ikharikhulamu ngalezi zinyathelo. Ake sibheke isigaba ngasinye kumongo wentuthuko:
A1 (okuyisisekelo)
Izinga elisheshayo futhi elilula kakhulu. Lapha uthola ukwazi imisindvo eyisisekelo, funda ukufunda nokuphimisela amagama kahle. Uhlamvu oluvaliwe oluvaliwe nakho konke lokho. Ngasizathu simbe, abahleli bezinhlelo abaningi bakushaya indiva lokhu, badideka indlela yokubiza amagama nokubiza amagama ngendlela efanele.
Abathuthukisi . Lalela ozakwenu futhi uzoqonda ngokushesha ukuthi yonke i-jargon yobungcweti isuselwe ekuphimiseleni okuhlanekezelwe kwamagama esiNgisi.
Kulesi sigaba, yenza umzamo kuwe futhi ufunde ukuhlukanisa inguqulo efanele yokubiza amagama neyamukelekayo kozakwethu.
- Ukhiye
- ey!
A2 (oqalayo)
Ukujwayela ukwakhiwa okuyisisekelo nokuhleleka kwamagama.
Qiniseka ukuthi yonke indawo yokuhlangana nendawo yokuthuthukela ishintshelwa esiNgisini. Ngemuva kwalokho uzoyeka ukuzizwa ungakhululekile ukuphatha izixhumi ezintsha, uzoqonda ukuthi yiziphi izinto zemenyu ezibhekene nazo, nokuthi iziphi izaziso zohlelo ezikhuluma ngazo.
Uzoqala ukwazi amabizo ambaxa, lokhu . Ikhodi yakho izofundeka kakhudlwana, futhi ngeke ube namahloni ukuyibonisa othile.
B1 (okuphakathi)
IsiNgisi βulimi lwommeleliβ olusetshenziselwa ukuxhumana phakathi kwezikhulumi ezingezona ezomdabu. Ngakho-ke, ngesiNgisi ngeke uxhumane nomshini kuphela, kodwa futhi uzoxhumana nomphakathi wonke we-IT womhlaba jikelele.
Yilapho uqala khona ukufunda imibhalo emthonjeni wokuqala, ngoba noma ngabe ubuchwepheshe buvelaphi (isibonelo, uRuby, wasungulwa eJapan), imibhalo izoba ngesiNgisi. Kuzofanele uthembele kubahumushi be-elekthronikhi kulo msebenzi onzima, kepha okungenani uzofunda ukuthi uwasebenzisa kanjani ngempumelelo.
Kulesi sigaba, ungabhala umyalezo ohambisanayo noma imiyalo yokuthi ikhodi yakho isebenza kanjani, noma ukuthi uyisebenzisa kanjani isoftware. Funda ukwenza imibuzo yokucinga efanelekile hhayi yamagama angukhiye kuphela, kodwa nangolimi lomuntu. Ungathumela inkinga ku-github, ubuze umbuzo ku-stackoverflow, bhalela ukusekelwa kobuchwepheshe komthengisi.
Ungama kulokhu, ngokungathi sΓna
Uma ufika ekhasini lokugcina esifundweni se-Inetrmediate, vala bese weqa elilandelayo. Ekuboneni kokuqala, akunangqondo kulokhu, ngoba yingxenye yesifundo kuphela eseqediwe, kepha ake sibhekane nakho.
Okokuqala, uma usebenzela inkampani yaseRussia, lapho-ke awudingi isiNgisi ukuxhumana nozakwethu, futhi akunamathuba okuthi umenywe ukuxoxisana namakhasimende aphesheya. Akukho lutho olungalungile ngokusebenzela imakethe yasekhaya.
Okwesibili, ngalesi sikhathi uzobe usulwazi kahle lonke uhlelo lolimi oludingekayo futhi wazuza amagama nemishwana evamile, engashi. Lokhu kuzokwanela kulokhu engikuchaze ngenhla. Kwezinye izimo, kukhona i-Google Translate. Ngendlela, ikhono lokusebenzisa abahumushi be-elekthronikhi libukelwa phansi kakhulu. Ukuze uqonde lapho uhlelo lukunikeza khona izinkinga, kuhle ukwazi isiNgisi ezingeni eliphakathi.
Isizathu esikhulu kunazo zonke ukuthi nakanjani uzobambeka kuleli zinga noma kunjalo. Kukhona ngisho negama lalesi - Intermediate Plato. Umphumela wethafa ubonwa kuwo wonke umuntu, kepha bambalwa kuphela abanesikhuthazo esanele futhi abazosinqoba. Ukulwa nalokhu kucishe kungasizi ngalutho.
Into ukuthi kuze kube manje ukhulise ukuqwashisa - ulalele, wafunda, wafunda, wabamba okuthile ngekhanda, kepha lokhu akuholelanga emiphumeleni oyifunayo. Njengoba uthuthuka, izenzo zakho ziya ngokuya zincipha, ngoba ikhono alithuthukiswa.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwamakhono kudinga ukuphindwaphindwa kwezenzo ezifanayo. Kukhona ukuzivocavoca lokhu ngesiNgisi, kepha ukusebenza kwazo kukhawulelwe. Ngenkani ungavula kubakaki futhi ufake amagama esikhundleni kuzikhala, kepha lokhu akuhlangene nokuxhumana okubukhoma phakathi kwabantu.
Kuvele ukuthi uhlale uthengiswa ngokuqukethwe, ulwazi oluningi oluhlukene lokuthi kwenziwa kanjani okuthile. Lokhu ngeke kusize ukuthuthukisa ikhono lakho nganoma iyiphi indlela. Ukuzwa lesi sikhathi, asithathe β ngaphezu kwengxenye yezincwadi zinegama elithi intermediate esihlokweni (Pre-intermediate, Intermediate, Intermediate Plus, Upper-intermediate). Incwadi ngayinye elandelayo iqukethe ulwazi olusha kancane kancane. Abashicileli bakuthengisa inkohliso yokuthi ngokuphindaphinda indaba kane, uzozithola usezingeni eliphambili ngokuyisimangaliso. Eqinisweni, izincwadi zokufunda kanye nezifundo zenza okuncane ekusizeni noma ubani ukuba aphume endaweni eyithafa. Kuyazuzisa ukuthi abashicileli bakufundise ngendlela engasebenzi, okudala umuzwa wokuthi kakhudlwana futhi ngeke ukhulume kabi ukwedlula isikhulumi somdabu.
Futhi okokugcina, uma ungenaso isikhathi sokucija ikhono, noma awukwazi ukuthola ukuthi ungakwenza kanjani, lapho-ke awudingi isiNgisi. Ungazihlukumezi ngoba nje abangane bakho, osebenza nabo, noma amalungu omndeni abhalisele izifundo. Ngaphandle kwesiNgisi, ungakha umsebenzi omuhle, ube ngumphathi wezobuchwepheshe, noma uqale ibhizinisi eliphumelelayo. Uma singekho isikhathi sesiNgisi, kusho ukuthi impilo yakho ikufanele. Sebenzisa imali yakho kokunye.
Source: www.habr.com