Ngamafuphi, ngingakweluleka ukufunda izincwadi eziningi ezingahlobene nesayensi yekhompyutha.
Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi umqondo “wesayensi” ukuyiphi indawo “Kusayensi Yekhompyutha”, nokuthi “ubunjiniyela” busho ukuthini “Kubunjiniyela Besoftware”.
Umqondo wesimanje "wesayensi" ungahlelwa ngale ndlela elandelayo: umzamo wokuhumusha izenzakalo zibe amamodeli angachazwa kalula noma abikezelwe kalula. Kulesi sihloko ungafunda "Isayensi Yezinto Zokwenziwa" (enye yezincwadi ezibalulekile zikaHerbert Simon). Ungayibheka ngale ndlela: uma abantu (ikakhulukazi abathuthukisi) bakha amabhuloho, khona-ke ososayensi bangachaza lezi zenzakalo ngokudala amamodeli. Okuthakazelisayo ngalokhu ukuthi isayensi cishe izohlala ithola izindlela ezintsha nezingcono zokwakha amabhuloho, ngakho ubungane phakathi kososayensi nabathuthukisi bungathuthuka minyaka yonke.
Isibonelo salokhu esivela ku-sphere Isayensi yekhompyutha ingabe uJohn McCarthy ucabanga ngamakhompyutha ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-50s, okungukuthi, ububanzi obumangalisayo balokho abangakwenza (i-AI mhlawumbe?), nokudala imodeli yekhompyutha ewulimi, futhi ingasebenza njengolimi lwayo lwe-metatanguage ( Libele). Incwadi engiyithandayo ngalesi sihloko ithi The Lisp 1.5 Manual evela ku-MIT Press (kaMcCarthy et al.). Ingxenye yokuqala yale ncwadi isalokhu iyingcweti yokuthi ungacabanga kanjani nje jikelele kanye nobuchwepheshe bolwazi ikakhulukazi.
(Incwadi ethi “Smalltalk: the language kanye nokusetshenziswa kwayo” yanyatheliswa kamuva, ababhali bayo (u-Adele Goldberg kanye no-Dave Robson) bagqugquzelwa yikho konke lokhu. Futhi iqukethe incazelo ephelele yokusetshenziswa okungokoqobo kwephrojekthi, ebhalwe ku Ulimi oluncane ngokwalo, njll.).
Ngiyithanda kakhulu incwadi ethi "The Art of the Metaobject Protocol" kaKickzales, uBobrow noRivera, eyanyatheliswa ngisho nangemva kwesikhathi kunangaphambili. Ingenye yalezo zincwadi ezingabizwa ngokuthi “serious computer science.” Ingxenye yokuqala inhle ngokukhethekile.
Omunye umsebenzi wesayensi kusukela ngo-1970 ongabhekwa njengento engathi sína Isayensi yekhompyutha — “Ulimi Lwencazelo Yokulawula” kaDave Fisher (Carnegie Mellon University).
Incwadi engiyintandokazi yekhompuyutha ingase ibonakale ikude nenkundla ye-IT, kodwa kuhle futhi kuyajabulisa ukuyifunda: I-Computation: Finite and Infinite Machines ka-Marvia Minsky (circa 1967). Incwadi enhle nje.
Uma udinga usizo "ngesayensi", ngivame ukutusa izinhlobo zezincwadi: I-Newton's Principia (incwadi yesayensi esungulwe kanye nombhalo wokusungula), ekaBruce Alberts ethi The Molecular Biology of the Cell, njll. Noma, isibonelo, incwadi enencwadi kaMaxwell. amanothi, njll.
Udinga ukuqaphela ukuthi "Isayensi Yekhompyutha" kuseyisifiso sokuzuza, hhayi okuthile okuzuziwe.
"Ubunjiniyela" busho "ukuklama nokwakha izinto ngendlela enomgomo, enongoti." Izinga elidingekayo laleli khono liphezulu kakhulu kuzo zonke izindawo: ezomphakathi, ezomshini, zikagesi, zebhayoloji, njll.
Lesi sici kufanele sihlolisiswe ngokucophelela ukuze kuqondwe kangcono ukuthi kusho ukuthini ngempela ukuzibandakanya “kobunjiniyela.”
Uma udinga usizo "ngobunjiniyela", zama ukufunda mayelana nokudala , , njalo njalo. Ngiyayithanda incwadi ethi Manje It Can Be Told, eyabhalwa uMajor General Leslie Groves (ilungu elihloniphekile le-Manhattan Project). Ungunjiniyela, futhi le ndaba ayiphathelene neze nephrojekthi ye-Los Alamos POV (naye ayiholayo), kodwa mayelana ne-Oak Ridge, i-Hanford, njll., nokubandakanyeka okumangalisayo kwabantu abangaphezu kuka-600 kanye nemali eningi yokwenza umklamo odingekayo ukuze udale izinto ezidingekayo.
Futhi, cabanga ukuthi iyiphi insimu engekho ingxenye "yobunjiniyela besofthiwe" - futhi, udinga ukuqonda ukuthi "ubunjiniyela besofthiwe" kunoma yimuphi umqondo "wobunjiniyela" buhlala kuyisifiso sokuzuza, hhayi impumelelo.
Amakhompiyutha nawo awuhlobo “lwemidiya” kanye “nabaxhumanisi”, ngakho-ke kudingeka siqonde ukuthi basenzelani nokuthi basithonya kanjani. Funda uMarshall McLuhan, uNeil Postman, u-Innis, uHavelock, njll. UMark Miller (phawula ngezansi) usanda kungikhumbuza ukuthi ngituse incwadi ethi Technics and Human Development, Umq. 1 ochungechungeni oluthi "Inganekwane Yomshini" ka-Lewis Mumford, umanduleli omuhle wayo yomibili imibono yemidiya kanye nengxenye ebalulekile ye-anthropology.
Kunzima kimi ukutusa incwadi enhle nge-anthropology (mhlawumbe omunye umuntu uzoyenza), kodwa ukuqonda abantu njengabantu abaphilayo kuyisici esibaluleke kakhulu semfundo futhi kufanele kufundwe ngokucophelela. Kokunye kwamazwana angezansi, uMat Gabourey uncome i-Human Universals (Ngicabanga ukuthi usho incwadi kaDonald Brown). Ngokuqinisekile le ncwadi idinga ukufundwa futhi iqondwe - ayikho eshalofini elifanayo nezincwadi ezikhuluma ngomkhakha othile njenge-Molecular Biology of the Cell.
Ngiyazithanda izincwadi zika-Edward Tufte's Envisioning Information: zifunde zonke.
Izincwadi zikaBertrand Russell zisawusizo kakhulu, uma kuphela ukucabanga ngokujulile mayelana "lokhu nalokhu" ( Umlando Wefilosofi YaseNtshonalanga usamangalisa).
Amaphuzu amaningi okubuka kuwukuphela kwendlela yokulwa nesifiso somuntu sokukholelwa nokudala izinkolo, yingakho incwadi yami yomlando engiyithandayo ithi I-Destiny Iphazanyiswe nguTamim Ansari. Wakhulela e-Afghanistan, wathuthela e-United States eneminyaka engu-16 ubudala, futhi uyakwazi ukubhala umlando ocacile, okhanyiselayo wezwe kusukela ngesikhathi sikaMuhammad ngokombono waleli zwe futhi ngaphandle kwezingcingo ezingadingekile zokukholelwa.
*I-POV (i-propagation of variance) - ukusabalala kokungqubuzana ebufakazini (approx.)
Ukuhumusha kwenziwa ngokusekelwa yinkampani onguchwepheshe futhi .
Source: www.habr.com