U-Alexey Savvateev: Imodeli ye-Game-theory ye-social cleavage (+ inhlolovo ku-nginx)

Sawubona Habr!
Igama lami ngingu-Asya. Ngithole isifundo esihle kakhulu, angikwazi ukuzibamba kodwa ngiyabelana ngaso.

Ngikulethela isifinyezo sesifundo sevidiyo ngezingxabano zomphakathi ngolimi longoti bezibalo. Isifundo esiphelele siyatholakala kusixhumanisi: Imodeli ye-social cleavage: umdlalo ongakhethwa kuwo wonke amanethiwekhi okusebenzisana (A.V. Leonidov, A.V. Savvateev, A.G. Semenov). 2016.

U-Alexey Vladimirovich Savvateev - Okhethiwe Wezesayensi Yezomnotho, Udokotela Wesayensi Yezemvelo Nezibalo, UProfesa e-MIPT, Umcwaningi Oholayo e-NES.

Kule nkulumo ngizokhuluma ngokuthi izazi zezibalo kanye ne-game theorists babheka kanjani isenzakalo senhlalo esiphindaphindayo, esiboniswa ngevoti lokuthi iNgilandi ishiye i-European Union (Eng. I-Brexit), isenzakalo sokuhlukana okujulile komphakathi eRussia ngemva kwalokho Maidan, Ukhetho lwase-US ngomphumela ovusa amadlingozi. 

Ungazilingisa kanjani izimo ezinjalo ukuze zibe nama-echoes weqiniso? Ukuze uqonde into ethile, kuyadingeka ukuyihlolisisa ngokucophelela, kodwa lesi sifundo sizonikeza imodeli.

Ukwehlukana kwezenhlalo kusho

Okufanayo ngalezi zimo ezintathu ukuthi umuntu uwela ekamu elilodwa noma wenqabe ukubamba iqhaza futhi axoxisane ngezinqumo zakhe. Labo. Ukukhethwa komuntu ngamunye ku-ternary - kusuka kumanani amathathu: 

• 0-yenqaba ukuhlanganyela engxabanweni;
• 1 - iqhaza engxabanweni ngakolunye uhlangothi; 
• -1 - iqhaza kungxabano ngakolunye uhlangothi.

Kunemiphumela eqondile ehlobene nesimo sakho sengqondo mayelana nokungqubuzana empeleni. Kunombono wokuthi wonke umuntu unohlobo oluthile lomqondo obalulekile wokuthi ubani okhona lapha. Futhi lokhu kuguquguquka kwangempela. 

Isibonelo, uma umuntu engaqondi ngempela ukuthi ubani oqinisile, iphuzu litholakala emugqeni wezinombolo endaweni ethile eduze kweziro, isibonelo ku-0,1. Uma umuntu eqiniseka ngo-100% ukuthi othile ulungile, khona-ke ipharamitha yakhe yangaphakathi izobe isivele ibe -3 noma +15, kuye ngamandla ezinkolelo zakhe. Okusho ukuthi, kukhona ipharamitha ethile yomuntu ekhanda lakhe, futhi iveza isimo sakhe sengqondo mayelana nokungqubuzana.

Kubalulekile ukuthi uma ukhetha u-0, khona-ke lokhu akubandakanyi noma yimiphi imiphumela kuwe, akukho ukunqoba emdlalweni, ukulahlile ukungqubuzana.

Uma ukhetha into engahambisani nesikhundla sakho, kuzovela u-minus ngaphambi kuka-vi, isibonelo vi = - 3. Uma isikhundla sakho sangaphakathi sihambisana nohlangothi lwengxabano okhuluma ngayo, futhi isikhundla sakho sithi σi = -1, bese kuba vi = +3. 

Khona-ke umbuzo uphakama, kungani ngezinye izikhathi kufanele ukhethe uhlangothi olungalungile lwalokho okusemphefumulweni wakho? Lokhu kungenzeka ngaphansi kwengcindezi evela endaweni okuhlala kuyona. Futhi lokhu kuyi-postulate.

I-postulate iwukuthi uthonywa yimiphumela engaphezu kwamandla akho. Inkulumo ethi aji iyipharamitha yangempela yedigri kanye nesibonakaliso sethonya kuwe kusuka ku-j. Ungunombolo i, futhi umuntu okuthonyayo inombolo yomuntu j. Khona-ke kuzoba ne-matrix yonke ye-aji enjalo. 

Lo muntu angase abe nomthelela omubi kuwe. Isibonelo, le yindlela ongayichaza ngayo inkulumo yomuntu wezepolitiki ongamthandi ngakolunye uhlangothi lwengxabano. Uma ubheka umdlalo bese ucabanga: "Lesi siphukuphuku, futhi ubheke ukuthi sithini, ngikutshele ukuthi uyisilima." 

Kodwa-ke, uma sicabangela ithonya lomuntu oseduze noma ohlonishwa nguwe, khona-ke kuvela ukuthi umdlali oyedwa j kubo bonke abadlali i. Futhi leli thonya liphindaphindwa ngokuqondana noma ukungafani kwezikhundla ezamukelwayo. 

Labo. uma u-σi, u-σj kuwuphawu oluhle, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo i-aji iwuphawu oluhle, khona-ke lokhu kuwukuhlanganisa nomsebenzi wakho wokuwina. Uma wena noma umuntu obaluleke kakhulu kuwe ethathe isikhundla sikaziro, kusho ukuthi leli gama alikho.  

Ngakho, sazama ukucabangela yonke imiphumela yethonya lezenhlalakahle.

Okulandelayo iphuzu elilandelayo. Kunamamodeli amaningi anjalo okuxhumana komphakathi, achazwe ezinhlangothini ezahlukene (amamodeli wokuthatha izinqumo, amamodeli amaningi angaphandle). Babheka indinganiso yomqondo kuthiyori yegeyimu ebizwa ngokuthi i-Nash equilibrium. Kukhona ukunganeliseki okujulile ngalo mqondo wemidlalo enezinombolo ezinkulu zabahlanganyeli, njengezibonelo zase-UK nase-US ezishiwo ngenhla, okungukuthi izigidi eziningi zabantu.   

Kulesi simo, isisombululo esifanele senkinga sidlula ekulinganiseni kusetshenziswa i-continuum. Inombolo yabadlali iwuhlobo oluthile lokuqhubeka, "ifu" elidlalayo, elinendawo ethile yamapharamitha abalulekile. Kukhona ithiyori yemidlalo eqhubekayo, Lloyd Shapley

"Imithelela yemidlalo engeyona eye-athomu". Lena indlela yethiyori yomdlalo wokubambisana. 

Ayikho ithiyori yemidlalo engahlangene nenani eliqhubekayo labahlanganyeli njengombono okwamanje. Kunamakilasi ahlukene afundwayo, kodwa lolu lwazi alukakenziwa lube ithiyori evamile. Futhi esinye sezizathu eziyinhloko zokungabikho kwayo ukuthi kuleli cala elithile ukulingana kwe-Nash akulungile. Empeleni umqondo ongalungile. 

Uyini-ke umqondo oqondile? Eminyakeni embalwa edlule kube nokuvumelana ngokuthi umqondo uthuthukiswe emisebenzini UPalfrey noMcKelvey okuzwakala ngathi"Ukulingana kwempendulo yequantal", noma"I-Discrete Respence Equilibrium“, njengoba mina noZakharov sayihumusha. Le nguqulo ingeyethu, futhi njengoba kungekho muntu owayeyihumushele olimini lwesiRashiya ngaphambi kwethu, sabeka le nguqulo kubantu abakhuluma isiRashiya.

Ebesikusho ngaleli gama wukuthi umuntu nomuntu akadlali iqhinga elixubile, udlala elimsulwa. Kodwa kulezi zindawo "zamafu" zivela lapho kukhethwa khona eyodwa noma enye ehlanzekile, futhi ngokuphendula, ngibona indlela umuntu adlala ngayo, kodwa angazi ukuthi ukuphi kulelifu, okungukuthi kukhona ulwazi olufihliwe lapho, bona umuntu “efwini” njengamathuba azohamba ngawo ngenye indlela. Lona umqondo wezibalo. I-symbiosis enothisayo yososayensi befiziksi kanye namathiyori wabadlali, kubonakala kimina, izochaza ithiyori yegeyimu yekhulu lama-21. 

Senza okuhlangenwe nakho okukhona kakade ekumodeleni izimo ezinjalo ngedatha yokuqala engenangqondo ngokuphelele futhi sibhala isistimu yezibalo ehambisana nokulingana kwempendulo ehlukahlukene. Yilokho kuphela; futhi, ukuze uxazulule izibalo, kuyadingeka ukwenza ukulinganisa okunengqondo kwezimo. Kodwa konke lokhu kusengaphambili; lokhu kuyisiqondiso esikhulu kwisayensi.

Ukulingana okuhlukile kokuphendula ukulingana esidlala kukho ngempela akucaci nobani. Kulesi simo, u-ε wengezwe enkokhelweni evela kuhlelo oluhlanzekile. Kukhona okuwinile okuthathu, ezinye izinombolo ezintathu ezisho “ukucwila” kolunye uhlangothi, “usinki” kolunye uhlangothi futhi ugweme, futhi kukhona u-ε, owenezelwa kulawa amathathu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inhlanganisela yalokhu ε akwaziwa. Inhlanganisela ingalinganiselwa kuphela njenge-priori, ukwazi amathuba okusabalalisa okuthi ε. Kulesi simo, amathuba okuhlanganiswa ε kufanele anqunywe yizinqumo zomuntu siqu, okungukuthi, ukuhlolwa kwakhe kwabanye abantu kanye nezilinganiso zamathuba abo. Lokhu ukuvumelana okufanayo kuwukulingana kwempendulo ehlukene. Sizobuyela kuleli phuzu.

Ukwenza kube semthethweni ngokulingana kwezimpendulo ezihlukene

Nakhu ukuthi okuwinile kubukeka kanjani kule modeli:

Iqoqa kubakaki lonke ithonya elivela kuwe uma ukhethe noma yiluphi uhlangothi, noma lizophindaphindwa ngoziro uma ungakhethanga noma yiluphi uhlangothi. Ngaphezu kwalokho kuzoba nophawu oluthi “+” uma σ1 = 1, kanye nophawu oluthi “-” uma σ1 = -1. Futhi ε yengezwe kulokhu. Okusho ukuthi, u-σi uphindaphindwa isimo sakho sangaphakathi, nabo bonke abantu abakuthonyayo. 

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, umuntu othize angaba nomthelela ezigidini zabantu, njengoba nje abantu bemithombo yezindaba, abalingisi, noma ngisho nomongameli ethonya izigidi zabantu. Kuvela ukuthi i-matrix yethonya i-asymmetrical kakhulu; ngokuzenzekelayo ingaqukatha inani elikhulu lokungenayo okungeyona i-zero, futhi ngokuvundlile, kubantu abayizigidi ezingu-200 ezweni, isibonelo, izinombolo ezingezona zero eziyi-100. Kuwo wonke umuntu, le nzuzo iyisamba senani elincane lamagama, kodwa i-aij (ithonya lomuntu kumuntu othile) ingaba i-non-zero enombolweni enkulu u-j, kanye nomthelela we-aji (ithonya lomuntu kumuntu) alinjalo. enkulu, ngokuvamile ilinganiselwe ekhulwini. Yilapho kuvela khona i-asymmetry enkulu kakhulu. 

Izibonelo zabahlanganyeli benethiwekhi

Sizame ukuhumusha idatha yokuqala yemodeli ngokwemibandela yezenhlalo. Ngokwesibonelo, ubani “umuntu osebenza nge-conformist”? Lona ngumuntu ongahileleki ngaphakathi ekungqubuzaneni, kodwa kukhona abantu abamthonya kakhulu, isibonelo, umphathi.

Kungenzeka ukubikezela ukuthi ukukhetha kwakhe kuhlobene kanjani nokukhethwa komphathi kunoma yikuphi ukulingana.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, “umuntu oshisekayo” ungumuntu onombono oqinile wangaphakathi ngasohlangothini lwengxabano. 

I-aij yakhe (ithonya kumuntu) inkulu, ngokungafani nenguqulo yangaphambilini, lapho i-aji (ithonya lomuntu kumuntu) inkulu.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, “i-autist” ngumuntu ongahlanganyeli emidlalweni. Izinkolelo zakhe sezisondele ku-zero, futhi akekho omthonyayo.

Futhi ekugcineni, "uhlanya" ngumuntu onjalo akekho nhlobo akuthinti. 

Itemu yamanje ingase ingalungile ngokombono wolimi, kodwa kusenomsebenzi okufanele wenziwe ngale ndlela.

Lokhu kusikisela ukuthi, “njengomuntu onothando,” i-vi yakhe inkulu kakhulu kunoziro, kodwa i-aji = 0. Sicela uqaphele ukuthi “onothando” angaba “uhlanya” ngesikhathi esifanayo. 

Sicabanga ukuthi ngaphakathi kwama-node anjalo kuzoba okubalulekile ukuthi yisiphi isinqumo "inkanuko / eshisekayo", ngoba lesi sinqumo sizosabalala njengefu. Kodwa lokhu akulona ulwazi, kodwa ukucabanga kuphela. Kuze kube manje asikwazi ukuxazulula le nkinga kunoma yikuphi ukulinganiselwa.

Futhi kukhona ne-TV. Yini i-TV? Lokhu wushintsho esimweni sakho sangaphakathi, uhlobo “lwenkundla kazibuthe”.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ithonya le-TV, ngokungafani "nenkundla kazibuthe" kuwo wonke "ama-molecule omphakathi," angahluka kokubili ngobukhulu kanye nesibonakaliso. 

Ngingakwazi ukufaka i-inthanethi esikhundleni se-TV?

Kunalokho, i-inthanethi iyimodeli yokusebenzelana okudingeka kuxoxwe ngayo. Masiyibize ngomthombo wangaphandle, uma kungewona wolwazi, bese kuba wuhlobo oluthile lomsindo. 

Ake sichaze amasu amathathu okungenzeka ukuthi σi=0, σi=1, σi=-1:

Kwenzeka kanjani ukusebenzisana? Ekuqaleni, bonke abahlanganyeli "bangamafu", futhi umuntu ngamunye wazi ngomunye wonke umuntu ukuthi leli "ifu", futhi uthatha ukusatshalaliswa kwamathuba okuba phambili kulawa "mafu". Lapho nje umuntu othize eqala ukusebenzisana, ufunda ngaye wonke kathathu ε, i.e. iphuzu elithile, futhi okwamanje umuntu enza isinqumo esimnika inombolo enkulu (kulawa lapho u-ε engezwa khona emalini ewinile, ukhetha eyodwa enkulu kunamanye amabili), bonke abanye abazi ukuthi yiliphi iphuzu. ukhona, ngakho-ke ngeke bakwazi ukubikezela . 

Okulandelayo, umuntu ukhetha (σi=0/ σi=1/ σi=-1), futhi ukuze akhethe, udinga ukwazi u-σj kuwo wonke umuntu. Asinake ubakaki; kubakaki kunenkulumo ethi [∑ j ≠ i aji σj], i.e. into umuntu angayazi. Kufanele abikezele lokhu ngokulingana, kodwa ngokulingana akaboni u-σj njengezinombolo, ubabona njengamathuba. 

Lona umnyombo womehluko phakathi kokulingana kwempendulo ehlukene kanye nokulingana kwe-Nash. Umuntu kufanele abikezele okungenzeka, ngaleyo ndlela kuvela uhlelo lwezibalo ezingenzeka. Ake sicabange ngohlelo lwezibalo lwabantu abayizigidi eziyi-100, siphindaphindeka ngomunye u-2. njengoba kunamathuba okukhetha u-“+”, amathuba okukhetha “-” (amathuba okushiywa ngaphandle awanakwa, ngoba lokhu ipharamitha encike). Ngenxa yalokho, kukhona okuguquguqukayo kwezigidi ezingu-200. Futhi 200 million zibalo. Akunangqondo ukuxazulula lokhu. Futhi akunakwenzeka ukuqoqa ulwazi olunjalo ngokuqondile. 

Kodwa izazi zezokuhlalisana kwabantu ziyasitshela: “Lindani, bangane, sizonitshela indlela yokufanekisa umphakathi.” Babuza ukuthi zingaki izinhlobo zezinkinga esingazixazulula. Ngithi, sisazoxazulula ama-equations angu-50, ikhompuyutha ingaxazulula uhlelo lapho kukhona ama-equations angu-50, ngisho ne-100 lutho. Athi akunankinga. Futhi-ke banyamalala, ama-bastards. 

Empeleni sibe nomhlangano ohleliwe nezazi zokusebenza kwengqondo kanye nezazi zezokuhlalisana kwabantu abavela kwa-HSE, bathi singabhala iphrojekthi yenguquko eyimpumelelo, imodeli yethu, idatha yabo. Futhi abazange bafike. 

Uma ufuna ukungibuza ukuthi kungani konke kwenzeka kabi kangaka, ngizokutshela, ngoba izazi zokusebenza kwengqondo nezokuhlalisana kwabantu abezi emihlanganweni yethu. Uma sihlangana, sasisusa izintaba.

Ngenxa yalokho, umuntu kufanele akhethe kumasu amathathu angenzeka, kodwa akakwazi, ngoba akazi σj. Bese sishintsha okuthi σj kube amathuba.

Izuza ekulinganeni kwezimpendulo ezihlukene

Ngokuhambisana nokungaziwa σj sishintsha umehluko emathubeni okuthi umuntu athathe uhlangothi olulodwa noma olunye ekungqubuzaneni. Uma sazi ukuthi iyiphi i-vector ε sifika kuliphi iphuzu endaweni enezinhlangothi ezintathu. Kulawa maphuzu (ama-winnings) "amafu" avela, futhi singawahlanganisa futhi sithole isisindo salowo nalowo "amafu" angu-3.

Ngenxa yalokho, sithola amathuba avela kumbukeli wangaphandle ukuthi umuntu othile uzokhetha lokhu noma lokhuya ngaphambi kokuba azi isimo sakhe sangempela. Okusho ukuthi, lokhu kuzoba ifomula ezonikeza u-p wayo ekuphenduleni ulwazi lwawo wonke amanye ama-p. Futhi ifomula enjalo ingabhalwa ku-i ngayinye futhi ishiye kuyo uhlelo lwezibalo oluzokwaziwa kulabo abaye basebenza kumamodeli we-Ising ne-Potz. I-Statistical physics isho ngokuqinile ukuthi i-aij = aji, ukusebenzisana akukwazi ukulinganisa.

Kodwa kukhona "izimangaliso" ezithile lapha. “Izimangaliso” zezibalo ukuthi amafomula acishe aqondane namafomula asuka kumamodeli ezibalo ahambisanayo, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi akukho ukusebenzisana kwegeyimu, kodwa kukhona ukusebenza okulungiselelwa ezinkambu ezihlukahlukene.

Ngedatha yokuqala engafanele, imodeli iziphatha sengathi kukhona olungiselela okuthile kuyo. Amamodeli anjalo abizwa ngokuthi "imidlalo engenzeka" uma sikhuluma ngokulingana kwe-Nash. Uma igeyimu iklanywe ngendlela yokuthi ukulingana kwe-Nash kunqunywa ngokuthuthukisa ukusebenza okuthile endaweni yazo zonke izinketho. Ukuthi yimaphi amandla ekulinganeni kwempendulo ehlukene akukakakhiwa ekugcineni. (Nakuba uFyodor Sandomirsky engase akwazi ukuphendula lo mbuzo. Lokhu kungaba impumelelo nakanjani). 

Nansi indlela isistimu ephelele yezibalo ebukeka ngayo:

Amathuba okhetha ngawo lokhu noma lokho ahambisana nesibikezelo sakho. Umbono uyafana nosekulinganisweni kwe-Nash, kodwa wenziwa ngokusebenzisa amathuba. 

Ukusabalalisa okukhethekile ε, okungukuthi ukusatshalaliswa kwe-Gumbel, okuyindawo egxilile yokuthatha inani eliphezulu lenani elikhulu lokuhlukahluka okungahleliwe okuzimele. 

Ukusabalalisa okuvamile kutholwa ngesilinganiso senani elikhulu leziguquko ezingahleliwe ezizimele ezinokwehluka ngaphakathi kwamanani amukelekayo. Futhi uma sithatha inani eliphakeme kunani elikhulu lokuhlukahluka okungahleliwe okuzimele, sithola ukusatshalaliswa okukhethekile okunjalo. 
Ngendlela, i-equation ishiye ipharamitha yezinxushunxushu ezinqumweni ezenziwe, λ, ngikhohlwe ukuyibhala.

Ukuqonda indlela yokuxazulula le zibalo kuzokusiza uqonde ukuthi ungahlanganisa kanjani umphakathi. Esicini setiyori, amandla emidlalo kusukela endaweni yokubuka isibalo sempendulo ehlukene. 

Udinga ukuzama igrafu yangempela yomphakathi, enesethi ehlukile yezakhiwo: 

• ububanzi obuncane;
• umthetho wamandla wokusabalalisa amadigri ama-vertices;
• ukuhlanganisa okuphezulu. 

Okusho ukuthi, ungazama ukubhala kabusha izakhiwo zenethiwekhi yokuxhumana yangempela ngaphakathi kwale modeli. Akekho oseke wayizama, mhlawumbe kukhona okuzolunga ngaleso sikhathi.

Manje ngingazama ukuphendula imibuzo yakho. Okungenani ngingabalalela nakanjani.

Lokhu kuyichaza kanjani indlela ye-Brexit nokhetho lwase-US?

Ngakho-ke kunjalo. Lokhu akuchazi lutho. Kepha kuyasinikeza umbono wokuthi kungani abavoti behlale bethola izibikezelo zabo zingalungile. Ngoba abantu baphendula esidlangalaleni ukuthi indawo yabo yenhlalo idinga ukuthi baphendule, kodwa ngasese bavotela ukuqiniseka kwabo kwangaphakathi. Futhi uma singakwazi ukuxazulula le zibalo, okuzoba sesixazululo yilokho inhlolovo yezenhlalo yabantu esinikeze yona, futhi vi yilokho okuzoba khona evotini.

Futhi kulo modeli, kungenzeka ukuthi ungabheki umuntu, kodwa uhlaka lwezenhlalo njengengxenye ehlukile?

Yilokhu kanye engingathanda ukukwenza. Kodwa asikwazi ukwakheka kwezigaba zomphakathi. Yingakho sizama ukuhambisana nongoti bezokuhlalisana kwabantu kanye nongoti bezengqondo.

Ingabe imodeli yakho ingasetshenziswa ngandlela-thile ukuchaza indlela yezinhlobo ezahlukene zezinkinga zomphakathi ezibonwa eRussia? Ake sivumele ukwehlukana phakathi kwemiphumela yezikhungo ezisemthethweni?

Cha, akukhona lokho okumayelana. Lokhu kumayelana nokungqubuzana phakathi kwabantu. Angicabangi ukuthi inkinga yezikhungo lapha ingachazwa nganoma iyiphi indlela. Kulesi sihloko, nginombono wami wokuthi izikhungo ezidalwe isintu ziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, ngeke zikwazi ukugcina izinga elinjalo lobunzima futhi zizophoqeleka ukuba zinciphise. Lokhu ukuqonda kwami ​​iqiniso.

Kungenzeka yini ngandlela-thile ukufunda lo mkhuba wokuhlukaniswa komphakathi? Usuvele une-v eyakhelwe kulokhu, kuhle kangakanani kunoma ubani...

Akunjalo, sine-TV lapho, v+h. Lezi yizibalo zokuqhathanisa.

Yebo, kodwa i-polarization iyenzeka kancane kancane. Engikushoyo ukuthi ukubamba iqhaza komphakathi okunesimo esiqinile kungu-10% v-positive, 6% v-negative, futhi igebe liya ngokuya likhula phakathi kwalezi zindinganiso.

Angazi ukuthi kuzokwenzekani ku-dynamics nhlobo. Ku-dynamics okulungile, ngokusobala, i-v izothatha amanani we-σ. Kodwa angazi noma lo mphumela uzosebenza yini. Ayikho i-panacea, ayikho imodeli yendawo yonke yomphakathi. Le modeli iwumbono othile ongase ube usizo. Ngikholwa ukuthi uma siyixazulula le nkinga, sizobona ukuthi ukuvota kwemibono kuhlukana kanjani neqiniso lokuvota. Kunesiphithiphithi esikhulu emphakathini. Ngisho nokulinganisa ipharamitha ethile kunikeza imiphumela ehlukene. 

Ingabe lokhu kunento yokwenza nethiyori yegeyimu ye-matrix yakudala?

Lena imidlalo ye-matrix. Ukuthi nje ama-matrices lapha ayizigidi ezingu-200 ngosayizi wezigidi ezingu-200. Lona umdlalo wawo wonke umuntu onawo wonke umuntu, i-matrix ibhalwe njengomsebenzi. Lokhu kuxhumene nemidlalo ye-matrix enjengale: imidlalo ye-matrix imidlalo yabantu ababili, kodwa lapha kudlalwa izigidi ezingu-200. Ngakho-ke, lena i-tensor enobukhulu obuyizigidi ezingu-200. Akuyona ngisho ne-matrix, kodwa i-cube enobukhulu eziyizigidi ezingu-200. Kodwa bacabangela umqondo ongavamile wekhambi.

Ingabe ukhona umqondo wentengo yomdlalo?

Intengo yomdlalo ingenzeka kuphela kumdlalo ophikisayo wabadlali ababili, i.e. ngesamba esinguziro. Lokhu hhayiumdlalo ophikisana nenani elikhulu labadlali. Esikhundleni senani legeyimu, kunezinkokhelo ezilinganayo, hhayi ekulinganisweni kwe-Nash, kodwa ekulinganeni kwezimpendulo ezihlukene.

Kuthiwani ngomqondo "wesu"?

Amasu athi, 0, -1, 1. Lokhu kuvela kumqondo wakudala we-Nash-Bayes equilibrium, equilibrium imidlalo enolwazi olungaphelele. Futhi kulesi simo esithile, ukulingana kwe-Bayes-Nash kusekelwe kudatha evela kugeyimu evamile. Lokhu kubangela inhlanganisela ebizwa ngokuthi i-discrete response equilibrium. Futhi lokhu kukude kakhulu nemidlalo ye-matrix yamaphakathi nekhulu lama-XNUMX.

Kuyangabazeka ukuthi ungenza noma yini ngabadlali abayisigidi...

Lona umbuzo wokuthi ungahlanganisa kanjani umphakathi; akunakwenzeka ukuxazulula igeyimu enabadlali abaningi, uqinisile.

Izincwadi ezimayelana nezindawo ezihlobene ku-statistical physics nesociology

1. I-Dorogovtsev SN, Goltsev AV, kanye noMendes JFF Izimo ezibucayi kumanethiwekhi ayinkimbinkimbi // Ukubuyekezwa kwe-Modern Physics. 2008. Umq. 80. iphe. 1275-1335.
2. Lawrence E. Blume, Steven Durlauf Equilibrium Concepts for Social Interaction Models // International Game Theory Review. 2003. Umq. 5, (3). pp. 193-209.
3. Gordon MB et. al., Izinketho Ezihlukanisiwe Ngaphansi Kwethonya Lomphakathi: Imibono Ejwayelekile // Amamodeli Wezibalo nezindlela Zesayensi Esetshenziswayo. 2009. Umq. 19. iphe. 1441-1381.
4. Bouchud J.-P. I-Crises and Collective Social-Economic Phenomena: Amamodeli Alula Nezinselele // Ijenali ye-Static Physics. 2013. Umq. 51(3). pp. 567-606.
5. I-Sornette D. I-Physics ne-financial economics (1776-2014): ama-puzzle, i-lsing, namamodeli asekelwe kumenzeli // Imibiko ngenqubekelaphambili ku-Physics. 2014. Umq. 77, (6). pp. 1-287

 

Abasebenzisi ababhalisiwe kuphela abangabamba iqhaza kuhlolovo. Ngena ngemvume, wamukelekile.

(ngokwesibonelo kuphela) Isikhundla sakho maqondana no-Igor Sysoev:

• 62,1%+1 (ukubamba iqhaza engxabanweni ngasohlangothini luka-Igor Sysoev)175

• 1,4%-1 (bamba iqhaza kungxabano ngakolunye uhlangothi)4

• 28,7%0 (yenqaba ukuhlanganyela engxabanweni)81

• 7,8%zama ukusebenzisa ukungqubuzana ukuze kuzuze wena22

Bangu-282 abasebenzisi abavotile. Abasebenzisi abangama-63 bayenqaba.

Source: www.habr.com