Iqhubeka nendikimba , ake sibheke inkinga yokumodela kwezibalo ngakolunye uhlangothi. Ngemva kokuqiniseka ukuthi le modeli ihambisana neqiniso lempilo yasekhaya, singaphendula umbuzo oyinhloko: βyini, ngempela, esinayo lapha?β Uma sidala imodeli yento yobuchwepheshe, ngokuvamile sifuna ukwenza isiqiniseko sokuthi le nto izohlangabezana nesikulindele. Ngale njongo, izibalo eziguquguqukayo zezinqubo zenziwa futhi umphumela uqhathaniswa nezidingo. Leli iwele ledijithali, i-virtual prototype, njll. abafana abancane abanemfashini abathi, esigabeni sokuklama, baxazulule inkinga yokuthi bangenza kanjani isiqiniseko sokuthi siyakuthola esikuhlelile.
Singenza kanjani isiqiniseko ngokushesha ukuthi isistimu yethu iyile nto esiyiklamayo, ingabe idizayini yethu izondiza noma intante? Futhi uma indiza, iphakeme kangakanani? Futhi uma intanta, ijule kangakanani?
Lesi sihloko sixoxa ngokuzenzakalelayo kokuqinisekisa ukuhambisana nezidingo zesakhiwo sobuchwepheshe lapho udala amamodeli ashukumisayo wezinhlelo zobuchwepheshe. Njengesibonelo, ake sibheke isici sokucaciswa kobuchwepheshe besistimu yokupholisa umoya endizeni.
Sicabangela lezo zidingo ezingavezwa ngezinombolo futhi ziqinisekiswe ngokwezibalo ngokusekelwe kumodeli ethile yokubala. Kuyacaca ukuthi lokhu kuyingxenye yezidingo ezijwayelekile zanoma yiluphi uhlelo lobuchwepheshe, kodwa kungokuzihlola ukuthi sichitha isikhathi, izinzwa nemali ekudaleni amamodeli ashukumisayo ento.
Lapho uchaza izidingo zobuchwepheshe ngendlela yedokhumenti, izinhlobo eziningana zezidingo ezihlukene zingahlukaniswa, ngayinye yazo idinga izindlela ezahlukene zokwakhiwa kokuqinisekiswa okuzenzakalelayo kokugcwaliseka kwezidingo.
Isibonelo, cabanga ngaleli sethi yezidingo ezincane kodwa ezingokoqobo:
- Izinga lokushisa lomoya osemkhathini emnyango wesistimu yokwelapha amanzi:
endaweni yokupaka - kusuka ku-35 kuya ku-35 ΒΊΠ‘,
endizeni - kusuka ku-35 kuya ku-39 ΒΊΠ‘. - Ingcindezi emile yomoya wasemkhathini endizeni isuka ku-700 iye ku-1013 GPa (kusuka ku-526 kuya ku-760 mm Hg).
- Ingqikithi yomfutho womoya emnyango wokungena emoyeni we-SVO endizeni isuka ku-754 iye ku-1200 GPa (isuka ku-566 iye ku-1050 mm Hg).
- Izinga lokushisa lomoya opholile:
endaweni yokupaka - akukho ngaphezu kuka-27 ΒΊΠ‘, kumabhulokhi wezobuchwepheshe - akukho ngaphezu kuka-29 ΒΊΠ‘,
endizeni - akukho ngaphezu kuka-25 ΒΊΠ‘, kumabhulokhi wezobuchwepheshe - akukho ngaphezu kuka-27 ΒΊΠ‘. - Ukupholisa ukugeleza komoya:
lapho ipakiwe - okungenani 708 kg/h,
endizeni - hhayi ngaphansi kuka-660 kg/h. - Izinga lokushisa lomoya ezingxenyeni zensimbi alikho ngaphezu kuka-60 ΒΊΠ‘.
- Inani lomswakama opholile wamahhala emoyeni opholile alikho ngaphezu kuka-2 g/kg womoya owomile.
Ngisho nangaphakathi kwalolu sethi olulinganiselwe lwezimfuneko, kukhona okungenani izigaba ezimbili ezidinga ukuphathwa ngendlela ehlukile ohlelweni:
- izidingo zezimo zokusebenza zesistimu (izigaba 1-3);
- izidingo zepharamitha yesistimu (izigaba 3-7).
Izidingo zezimo zokusebenza zesistimu
Izimo zangaphandle zohlelo oluthuthukiswayo ngesikhathi sokumodela zingacaciswa njengemibandela yemingcele noma ngenxa yokusebenza kohlelo olujwayelekile.
Ekulingiseni okuguquguqukayo, kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izimo zokusebenza ezishiwo zihlanganiswa inqubo yokulingisa.
Izidingo zesistimu ye-Parametric
Lezi zidingo ziyimingcele ehlinzekwa yisistimu ngokwayo. Phakathi nenqubo yokumodela, singathola la mapharamitha njengemiphumela yokubala futhi siqinisekise ukuthi izidingo ziyahlangatshezwa esibalweni ngasinye esithile.
Ukuhlonza izimfuneko kanye nekhodi
Ukuze kube lula ukusebenza nezimfuneko, izindinganiso ezikhona zincoma ukunikeza isihlonzi kumfuneko ngayinye. Lapho unikeza izihlonzi, kufiseleka kakhulu ukusebenzisa isistimu yokufaka ikhodi ehlanganisiwe.
Ikhodi yemfuneko ingaba nje inombolo emele inombolo ye-oda yemfuneko, noma ingaqukatha ikhodi yohlobo lwemfuneko, ikhodi yesistimu noma iyunithi esebenza kuyo, ikhodi yepharamitha, ikhodi yendawo, kanye noma yini enye unjiniyela angayicabanga. (bona i-athikili ukuze usebenzise umbhalo wekhodi)
Ithebula 1 linikeza isibonelo esilula sezidingo zokubhala ikhodi.
- ikhodi yomthombo wezidingo R-izidingo TK;
- uhlobo lwekhodi yezidingo E - izidingo - imingcele yemvelo, noma izimo zokusebenza
S - izidingo ezinikezwe uhlelo; - ikhodi yesimo sendiza 0 β noma iyiphi, G β ipakiwe, F β endizeni;
- Ikhodi yohlobo lwepharamitha yomzimba T - izinga lokushisa, P - ingcindezi, G - izinga lokugeleza, umswakama H;
- inombolo ye-serial yesidingo.
| ID izidingo |
Incazelo | Ipharamitha |
| REGT01 | Izinga lokushisa lomoya elizungezile emnyango wesistimu yokupholisa amanzi: endaweni yokupaka - ukusuka ku-35ΒΊΠ‘. kufika ku-35 ΒΊΠ‘. | |
| I-REFT01 | Ukushisa komoya osemkhathini emnyango wesistimu yokuvikela umoya: endizeni - ukusuka ku-35 ΒΊΠ‘ kuya ku-39 ΒΊΠ‘. | |
| REFP01 | Umfutho womoya womkhathi omile endizeni usuka ku-700 uya ku-1013 hPa (usuka ku-526 ukuya ku-760 mm Hg). | |
| REFP02 | Ingqikithi yomfutho womoya emnyango wokungena emoyeni we-SVO endizeni isuka ku-754 iye ku-1200 hPa (isuka ku-566 iye ku-1050 mm Hg). | |
| I-RSGT01 | Izinga lokushisa lomoya opholile: uma lipakiwe alikho ngaphezu kuka-27 ΒΊΠ‘ | |
| I-RSGT02 | Izinga lokushisa lomoya opholile: endaweni yokupaka, amayunithi ezobuchwepheshe angabi ngaphezu kuka-29 ΒΊΠ‘ | |
| I-RSFT01 | Ukushisa komoya okupholisa endizeni akukho ngaphezu kuka-25 ΒΊΠ‘ | |
| I-RSFT02 | Izinga lokushisa lomoya opholile: endizeni, kumayunithi wezobuchwepheshe akukho ngaphezu kwama-27 ΒΊΠ‘ | |
| RSGG01 | Ukugeleza komoya opholile: uma upakiwe kungabi ngaphansi kuka-708 kg/h | |
| I-RSFG01 | Ukugeleza komoya opholile: endizeni akukho ngaphansi kuka-660 kg/h | |
| I-RS0T01 | Izinga lokushisa lomoya ezingxenyeni zezinsimbi alikho ngaphezu kuka-60 ΒΊΠ‘ | |
| I-RSH01 | Inani lomswakama opholile wamahhala emoyeni opholile alikho ngaphezu kuka-2 g/kg womoya owomile |
Idizayini yesistimu yokuqinisekisa.
Ngesidingo ngasinye sokuklama kukhona i-algorithm yokuhlola ukubhalelana kwemingcele yokuklama kanye nemingcele echazwe kumfuneko. Ngokuvamile, noma iyiphi isistimu yokulawula ihlale iqukethe ama-algorithms okuhlola izidingo ngokuzenzakalelayo. Futhi noma yimuphi umlawuli uqukethe kubo. Uma izinga lokushisa liphuma ngaphandle kwemikhawulo, i-air conditioner iyavula. Ngakho, isigaba sokuqala sanoma yimuphi umthethonqubo ukuhlola ukuthi amapharamitha ayahlangabezana yini nezidingo.
Futhi njengoba ukuqinisekiswa kuyi-algorithm, singasebenzisa amathuluzi afanayo namathuluzi esiwasebenzisela ukudala izinhlelo zokulawula. Isibonelo, imvelo ye-SimInTech ikuvumela ukuthi udale amaphakheji wephrojekthi aqukethe izingxenye ezahlukahlukene zemodeli, enziwa ngendlela yamaphrojekthi ahlukene (imodeli yento, imodeli yesistimu yokulawula, imodeli yemvelo, njll.).
Iphrojekthi yokuqinisekisa izimfuneko kuleli cala iba iphrojekthi ye-algorithm efanayo futhi ixhunywe kuphakheji yemodeli. Futhi kumodi yokumodela eguquguqukayo yenza ukuhlaziya ukuhambisana nezidingo zokucaciswa kobuchwepheshe.
Isibonelo esingaba khona sedizayini yesistimu siboniswa kuMfanekiso 1.
Umfanekiso 1. Isibonelo somklamo wephrojekthi yokuqinisekisa.
Njengama-algorithms okulawula, izimfuneko zingadwetshwa njengesethi yamashidi. Ukuze kube lula ukusebenza ngama-algorithms ezindaweni zokumodela zesakhiwo ezifana ne-SimInTech, i-Simulink, i-AmeSim, kusetshenziswa ikhono lokudala izakhiwo ezinamaleveli amaningi ngendlela yama-submodels. Le nhlangano yenza kube nokwenzeka ukuhlanganisa izidingo ezihlukene zibe amasethi ukwenza umsebenzi ube lula ngoxhaxha lwezimfuneko, njengoba kwenziwa kuma-algorithms okulawula (bona umdwebo 2).
Umfanekiso 2. Isakhiwo esilandelanayo semodeli yokuqinisekisa izimfuneko.
Isibonelo, esimweni esicatshangelwayo, amaqembu amabili ahlukaniswa: izidingo zemvelo kanye nezidingo ngqo zohlelo. Ngakho-ke, kusetshenziswa isakhiwo sedatha enamazinga amabili: amaqembu amabili, ngalinye eliyiqabunga le-algorithm.
Ukuxhuma idatha kumodeli, uhlelo olujwayelekile lokukhiqiza i-database yesignali isetshenziswa, egcina idatha yokushintshaniswa phakathi kwezingxenye zephrojekthi.
Lapho udala futhi uhlola isofthiwe, ukufundwa kwezinzwa (ama-analogue wezinzwa zesistimu yangempela) ezisetshenziswa uhlelo lokulawula zifakwa kule database.
Kuphrojekthi yokuhlola, noma imaphi amapharamitha abalwe kumodeli eguqukayo angagcinwa kusizindalwazi esifanayo futhi ngaleyo ndlela asetshenziswe ukuhlola ukuthi izimfuneko ziyahlangatshezwa yini.
Kulokhu, imodeli eguquguqukayo ngokwayo ingenziwa kunoma iyiphi isistimu yokumodela yezibalo noma ngisho nangendlela yohlelo olusebenzisekayo. Okuwukuphela kwesidingo ubukhona bezindawo zesoftware zokukhipha idatha yokumodela endaweni yangaphandle.
Umfanekiso 3. Ukuxhuma iphrojekthi yokuqinisekisa kumodeli eyinkimbinkimbi.
Isibonelo seshidi lokuqinisekisa lezimfuneko eziyisisekelo sivezwa kuMfanekiso 4. Ngokombono womthuthukisi, wumdwebo ovamile wokubala lapho izidingo zokuqinisekisa i-algorithm ethulwa khona ngezithombe.
Umfanekiso 4. Ishidi lokuhlola izidingo.
Izingxenye eziyinhloko zeshidi lokuhlola zichazwe ku-Figure 5. I-algorithm yokuhlola yenziwe ngokufana nemidwebo yokuklama ye-algorithms yokulawula. Ngakwesokudla kukhona ibhulokhi yokufunda amasiginali avela kusizindalwazi. Le block ifinyelela kusizindalwazi sesignali ngesikhathi sokulingisa.
Amasignali atholiwe ayahlaziywa ukuze kubalwe izimo zokuqinisekisa izimfuneko. Kulesi simo, ukuhlaziywa kokuphakama kwendiza kwenziwa ukuze kutholwe indawo yendiza (ukuthi ipakiwe noma indiza). Ngale njongo, ungasebenzisa amanye amasiginali kanye nemingcele ebaliwe yemodeli.
Izimo zokuqinisekisa namapharamitha ahlolwayo adluliselwa kumabhulokhi wokuqinisekisa ajwayelekile, lapho le mingcele ihlaziywa khona ukuze ihambisane nezidingo ezishiwo. Imiphumela irekhodwa kusizindalwazi samasignali ngendlela yokuthi ingasetshenziswa ukukhiqiza ngokuzenzakalelayo uhlu lokuhlola.
Umfanekiso 5. Isakhiwo seshidi lokubala lokuqinisekisa izidingo.
Akudingekile ukusebenzisa amasiginali aqukethwe kusizindalwazi njengamapharamitha ahloliwe, alawulwa amapharamitha abalwe ngesikhathi senqubo yokulingisa. Akukho okusivimbelayo ekwenzeni izibalo ezengeziwe ngaphakathi kohlaka lwezidingo ezisalungiswa, njengoba nje sibala izimo zokuqinisekisa.
Isibonelo, le mfuneko:
Inombolo yokwenziwa kusebenze kwesistimu yokulungisa ngesikhathi sokundiza kuya kokuqondisiwe akufanele idlule u-5, futhi isikhathi esiphelele sokusebenza sesistimu yokulungisa akufanele sidlule imizuzwana engu-30.
Kulesi simo, i-algorithm yokubala inombolo yokuqala kanye nesikhathi sokusebenza esiphelele sengezwe kumdwebo womklamo wezidingo.
Ibhulokhi yokuqinisekisa yezidingo ezijwayelekile.
Ibhokisi ngalinye lokuhlola imfuneko evamile yakhelwe ukubala ukugcwaliseka kwemfuneko yohlobo oluthile. Isibonelo, izidingo zemvelo zifaka uhla lwamazinga okushisa okusebenza e-ambient uma upaka futhi undiza. Leli bhulokhi kufanele lithole izinga lokushisa lomoya kumodeli njengepharamitha futhi linqume ukuthi le pharamitha ihlanganisa izinga lokushisa elishiwo./p>
Ibhulokhi iqukethe izimbobo zokufaka ezimbili, i-param nesimo.
Eyokuqala idliswa ngepharamitha ehlolwayo. Kulokhu, "Izinga lokushisa langaphandle".
Ukushintshashintsha kwe-Boolean kunikezwa embobeni yesibili - umbandela wokuhlola.
Uma IQINISO (1) yamukelwe okokufaka kwesibili, ibhulokhi yenza isibalo sokuqinisekisa imfuneko.
Uma okokufaka kwesibili kuthola FALSE (0), izimo zokuhlola azihlangabezwana. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze izimo zokubala zicatshangelwe. Esimweni sethu, lokhu kufakwa kusetshenziselwa ukunika amandla noma ukukhubaza isheke kuye ngesimo semodeli. Uma indiza isemhlabeni ngesikhathi sokulingisa, khona-ke izidingo ezihlobene nendiza azihloliwe, futhi ngokuphambene nalokho - uma indiza indiza, khona-ke izidingo ezihlobene nokusebenza endaweni yokuma azihloliwe.
Lokhu kufakwa kungasetshenziswa futhi lapho usetha imodeli, isibonelo esigabeni sokuqala sokubala. Uma imodeli ilethwa esimweni esidingekayo, amayunithi okuqinisekisa akhutshaziwe, kodwa ngokushesha nje lapho uhlelo lufinyelela kumodi yokusebenza edingekayo, amayunithi okuqinisekisa avuliwe.
Imingcele yale block yilezi:
- izimo zomngcele: umkhawulo wobubanzi obungenhla (UpLimit) nangaphansi (DownLimit) okufanele uhlolwe;
- isikhathi esidingekayo sokuvezwa kwesistimu kububanzi bomngcele (I-TimeInterval) ngamasekhondi;
- Cela i-ID ReqName;
- imvume yokweqa ububanzi Out_range kuwukuhlukahluka kwe-Boolean enquma ukuthi inani elidlula ububanzi obuthikhiwe liwukwephulwa kwemfuneko.
Kwezinye izimo, inani lokuhlola eliphumayo libonisa ukuthi isistimu inomkhawulo othile futhi kungenzeka ukuthi isebenza ngaphandle kwebanga layo lokusebenza. Kwezinye izimo, okukhiphayo kusho ukuthi isistimu ayikwazi ukugcina ama-setpoints ngaphakathi kwebanga.
Umfanekiso 6. Ibhulokhi yokuhlola impahla ejwayelekile emdwebeni kanye nemingcele yawo.
Njengomphumela wokubalwa kwaleli bhulokhi, ukuguquguquka komphumela kwakheka ekuphumeni, okuthatha amanani alandelayo:
- 0 β rAkukho, inani alichazwanga;
- 1 β Kwenziwe, imfuneko ifinyelelwe;
- 2 β rFault, imfuneko ayihlangabezwana.
Isithombe sebhulokhi siqukethe:
- umbhalo wesikhombi;
- ukuboniswa kwedijithali kwemingcele yemikhawulo yokulinganisa;
- isihlonzi sombala sesimo sepharamitha.
Ngaphakathi kwebhulokhi kungase kube nesifunda sokukhomba esiyinkimbinkimbi esinengqondo.
Isibonelo, ukuhlola izinga lokushisa lokusebenza kweyunithi ekhonjiswe kuMfanekiso 6, isifunda sangaphakathi siboniswa kuMfanekiso 7.
Umfanekiso 7. Umdwebo wangaphakathi weyunithi yokunquma ibanga lokushisa.
Ngaphakathi kwebhulokhi yesifunda, izakhiwo ezichazwe kumingcele ye-block zisetshenziswa.
Ngaphezu kokuhlaziya ukuhambisana nezidingo, umdwebo wangaphakathi webhulokhi uqukethe igrafu edingekayo ukuze kuboniswe imiphumela yokulingisa. Le grafu ingasetshenziswa kokubili ukubuka ngesikhathi sokubala kanye nokuhlaziya imiphumela ngemva kokubala.
Imiphumela yokubala idluliselwa ekuphumeni kwebhulokhi futhi irekhodwe ngesikhathi esisodwa kufayela lombiko jikelele, elidalwe ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni yawo wonke umsebenzi. (bheka umfanekiso wesi-8)
Isibonelo sombiko odalwe ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni yokulingisa ifayela le-html elidalwe ngokuya ngefomethi enikeziwe. Ifomethi ingalungiselelwa ngokungafanele ibe ifomethi eyamukelwe inhlangano ethile.
Ngaphakathi kwebhulokhi yesifunda, izakhiwo ezichazwe kumingcele ye-block zisetshenziswa.
Ngaphezu kokuhlaziya ukuhambisana nezidingo, umdwebo wangaphakathi webhulokhi uqukethe igrafu edingekayo ukuze kuboniswe imiphumela yokulingisa. Le grafu ingasetshenziswa kokubili ukubuka ngesikhathi sokubala kanye nokuhlaziya imiphumela ngemva kokubala.
Imiphumela yokubala idluliselwa ekuphumeni kwebhulokhi futhi irekhodwe ngesikhathi esisodwa kufayela lombiko jikelele, elidalwe ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni yawo wonke umsebenzi. (bheka umfanekiso wesi-8)
Isibonelo sombiko odalwe ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni yokulingisa ifayela le-html elidalwe ngokuya ngefomethi enikeziwe. Ifomethi ingalungiselelwa ngokungafanele ibe ifomethi eyamukelwe inhlangano ethile.
Umfanekiso 8. Isibonelo sefayela lombiko elisekelwe emiphumeleni yokulingisa.
Kulesi sibonelo, ifomu lombiko lilungiswa ngokuqondile kuzakhiwo zephrojekthi, futhi ifomethi etafuleni isethwe njengamasiginali wephrojekthi yomhlaba wonke. Kulokhu, i-SimInTech ngokwayo ixazulula inkinga yokusetha umbiko, futhi ibhulokhi yokubhala imiphumela efayeleni isebenzisa le migqa ukuze ibhalele ifayela lombiko.
Umfanekiso 9. Ukusetha ifomethi yombiko kumasignali wephrojekthi yomhlaba wonke
Ukusebenzisa isizindalwazi sesignali ngezidingo.
Ukuze wenze umsebenzi ngokuzenzakalelayo ngezilungiselelo zezakhiwo, isakhiwo esijwayelekile sidalwa ku-database yesignali yebhulokhi ngayinye evamile. (bheka umfanekiso 10)
Umfanekiso 10. Isibonelo sesakhiwo sebhulokhi yokuhlola imfuneko kusizindalwazi sesignali.
Isizindalwazi sesignali sinikeza:
- Ukugcina zonke izidingo zesistimu nemingcele.
- Ukubuka kalula kwezidingo ezikhona zephrojekthi kusuka kumapharamitha acacisiwe kanye nemiphumela yamanje yokumodela.
- Ukusetha ibhulokhi eyodwa noma iqoqo lamabhulokhi usebenzisa ulimi lohlelo lokubhala. Izinguquko kusizindalwazi sesignali ziholela ezinguqukweni zamanani ezakhiwo ezivinjiwe kumdwebo.
- Ukugcina izincazelo zombhalo, izixhumanisi zezinto zokucaciswa kobuchwepheshe noma izihlonzi ohlelweni lokuphatha izidingo.
Izakhiwo zedatha yesignali yezidingo zingalungiselelwa kalula ukuthi zisebenze nohlelo lokuphatha izidingo zenkampani yangaphandle Umdwebo ojwayelekile wokusebenzelana nezinhlelo zokuphatha izidingo uvezwa kuMfanekiso 11.
Umfanekiso 11. Umdwebo wokusebenzelana nohlelo lokuphatha izidingo.
Ukulandelana kokusebenzelana phakathi kwephrojekthi yokuhlola ye-SimInTech kanye nesistimu yokulawula imfuneko imi kanje:
- Imigomo yereferensi ihlukaniswe yaba yizidingo.
- Izidingo zokucaciswa kobuchwepheshe zikhonjwa ezingaqinisekiswa ngokumodela kwezibalo kwezinqubo zobuchwepheshe.
- Izimfanelo zezidingo ezikhethiwe zidluliselwa kusizindalwazi sesignali ye-SimInTech esakhiweni samabhulokhi ajwayelekile (isibonelo, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu neliphansi).
- Phakathi nenqubo yokubala, idatha yesakhiwo idluliselwa emidwebeni yokuklama vimba, ukuhlaziywa kwenziwa futhi imiphumela igcinwe ku-database yesignali.
- Uma ukubala sekuqediwe, imiphumela yokuhlaziya idluliselwa ohlelweni lokuphatha izidingo.
Izimfuneko izinyathelo 3 kuya ku-5 zingaphindwa phakathi nenqubo yokuklama lapho izinguquko kumklamo kanye/noma nezimfuneko zenzeka futhi umthelela wezinguquko udinga ukuphinda uhlolwe.
Iziphetho.
- I-prototype edaliwe yesistimu inikeza ukuncipha okuphawulekayo ngesikhathi sokuhlaziywa kwamamodeli akhona ukuze ahambisane nezidingo zokucaciswa kobuchwepheshe.
- Ubuchwepheshe bokuhlola obuhlongozwayo busebenzisa amamodeli aguquguqukayo asevele akhona futhi bungasetshenziswa ngisho nakunoma imaphi amamodeli aguquguqukayo, kuhlanganise nalawo angenziwanga endaweni ye-SimInTech.
- Ukusebenzisa inhlangano yedatha yeqoqo kukuvumela ukuthi udale amaphakheji okuqinisekisa izimfuneko ngokuhambisana nokuthuthukiswa kwemodeli, noma usebenzise lawa maphakheji njengokucaciswa kobuchwepheshe kokuthuthukiswa kwemodeli.
- Ubuchwepheshe bungahlanganiswa nezinhlelo ezikhona zokuphatha izidingo ngaphandle kwezindleko ezibalulekile.
Kulabo abafunda kuze kube sekugcineni,
Source: www.habr.com