Ucwaningo olunzulu ngemakethe yezikhala kanye namaholo ekusekelweni kwezobuchwepheshe. Yini eshintshile eminyakeni emi-2?

Ngenxa yemininingwane yebhizinisi (intuthuko Amasistimu edeski losizo ukwenza ngokuzenzakalelayo ukusekelwa kwesevisi ye-B2B), kufanele sicwiliswe ngangokunokwenzeka esihlokweni sokusekela kuwo wonke umqondo wegama. Nsuku zonke sixhumana namakhulu ezinkampani zaseRussia kanye ne-CIS, ngenxa yalokho, ngokuvamile ukuxhumana kwethu kudlula ububanzi bezinkinga "zokuzenzakalela". Yingakho ngo-2017 thina bashicilele olwabo ucwaningo lwamazinga emali engenayo ekusekelweni kobuchwepheshe, okungenzeka ukuthi kwakuyisifundo sokuqala esibucayi nesinemininingwane emayelana nemboni yalolu hlobo ngokomgomo. Kulo mbiko wango-2019, sibuyekeze idatha futhi sazama ukuchaza izinguquko zabo ngendlela efanele, ngokusekelwe ekuqondeni okuvamile kwemakethe.

Esikhundleni sesingeniso

Imibiko egcwele yokuhlaziya yokuthi kungakanani okutholayo ochwepheshe embonini ethile ayizange ivele eminyakeni emibili. Kodwa namuhla kunezinsiza eziningi ezitholakala esidlangalaleni ezakha izibalo ezisekelwe ezikhaleni ezithunyelwe. Ngeshwa, azikakathuthuki ngokwanele ukuze zinikeze idatha ebanzi kusegimenti yethu. Okungcono kakhulu, kuzoba nezibalo zesikhundla esithile (umqhubi wesikhungo socingo, uchwepheshe wosekelo lobuchwepheshe) ngaphandle kokuhlaziya izidingo nezinga lokuqeqeshwa.

Okugqamayo kwezinye izinkonzo yi-My Circle, yona yakha ezayo izibalo hhayi emibhalweni yezikhala zezikhala ezishicilelwe, kodwa emilayezweni yabasebenzi. Nokho, akanayo idatha eningi okwamanje. Ngaleso sikhathi sibuyekeza umbiko wethu, ngokwesibonelo, esikhundleni sikanjiniyela wosekelo lobuchwepheshe engxenyeni yesibili yonyaka wezi-2019, kwaqoqwa kuphela imibuzo engama-55. Ngakho-ke, sibheke izibalo zethu kumasevisi ahlanganisa idatha evela kumaphothali wabasebenzi.

Manje Sisuse izibalo zethu kusukela enanini lezinkampani saya ekucabangeleni inani lezikhala. Lokhu kungenxa yesimo esingathandeki eMoscow kanye nesifunda, lapho, ngokwenkonzo yokuhlanganisa, kunezikhala zezikhala eziyi-112 ngenkampani ngayinye (ngesilinganiso kuyo yonke iRussia yezikhala ezingama-48 inkampani ngayinye).

inombolo yezikhala zenkampani ngayinye ezifundeni ezahlukene

Kucatshangelwe izikhala zokwesekwa eziyi-11610 kulo lonke elaseRussia. Lokhu cishe ingxenye yesine yephesenti yenani eliphelele lezikhala ezingenazo imingcele yezikhundla. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi isabelo sezimemezelo zezikhala ezisekela ngokumelene nesizinda esijwayelekile "sabasebenzi" eSt. Petersburg singu-2, futhi eMoscow cishe izikhathi ezi-3 ngaphezulu.

Kunjalo, izikhangiso ezimbalwa zingashicilelwa esikhundleni esifanayo (futhi ngokuphambene - isikhangiso esisodwa singanxenxa wonke umnyango). Ukuze lo “msindo” ungaphambanisi izinombolo zethu, sisuke sidlulela ekubalweni kwezikhala zezikhala, esikhundleni salezo eziphelele.

iphesenti lezikhala zosekelo (kuzo zonke izikhala ezishicilelwe) ngokwesifunda

Cishe ingxenye yazo zonke izikhala ezishicilelwe iqukethe ireferensi yeholo. E-Moscow lesi sabelo siphansi kancane - 42%, futhi eSt. Petersburg - ephakeme kancane - 53% (ngokuqhathaniswa no-51% ngokwesilinganiso sezwe). Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi isabelo sezikhangiso ngemali engenayo ebonisiwe senyukile eminyakeni emi-2 edlule. Ngokusobala, kunohlobo oluthile lwesicelo salolu lwazi kumakhandidethi. Kodwa njengaseminyakeni emibili edlule, akubona bonke abaqashi abazihlupha ngokuchaza ukuthi imali ikhonjiswe ngaphambi noma ngemva kwentela.

isabelo sezikhala ezikhombisa iholo njengephesenti (ngokuhambisana nenani eliphelele lezikhala kulesi sifunda)

isabelo sezikhala ezikhombisa amaholo kuye ngezinga

Kuzwelonke, ama-82% emisebenzi esekelwayo asembonini ye-IT. Osonhlamvukazi ababili baphinda bagqama kulesi sizinda. E-Moscow, isabelo sezimemezelo zezikhala ezisekelwe kuphela ku-65% yamacala ahlobene ne-IT, eSt. Petersburg - ku-71% yamacala.

Nakuba umkhuba womsebenzi okude usanda kuthuthukiswa futhi ukhuthazwa, futhi ukusekelwa ngocingo kungenye yaleyo misebenzi engase ingadingi ihhovisi, asizange sithole ubufakazi bokuthi le fomethi kufanele ibhekwe ngokwehlukana. Kuwo wonke inani lezikhala, ezimbalwa ezishabalalayo zisuswe ngokusobala. Isilinganiso sikazwelonke singaphezudlwana kuka-3%. EMoscow naseSt. Petersburg kuncane nakakhulu - 1% no-2%, ngokulandelana. Eqinisweni, kunezikhala ezikude ngokusobala; ngokusobala zisahlelwa kahle ngabahlanganisi bezikhangiso.

Ukwesekwa ngezigaba

Sihlole izindaba zethiyori zokuhlukaniswa ngokuningiliziwe emuva umbiko wokugcina. Ake sikukhumbuze lokho ngokuya ngephrofayili yomsebenzi Sihlukanisa ukusekelwa "kobuchwepheshe" (isevisi) kanye "nekhasimende", futhi futhi, ngokuzimela ngokuphelele kulokhu, sihlukanisa ngaphakathi nangaphandle.
Ngeshwa, izigaba zokuqala nezesibili azizange zibe nezimpande phakathi kwezikhulu zabasebenzi. Kuze kube manje, amakhasimende ashiwo ngokucacile esikhangisweni (“ukwesekwa kwamakhasimende”, “ukwesekwa kwamakhasimende”) kuphela ku-13% wamacala. Akunakwenzeka ukulinganisa isabelo semakethe sokusekelwa kwamakhasimende usebenzisa le datha. Kukhona okumbalwa okubhekiselwe ekusekelweni kwangaphandle nangaphakathi ezikhangisweni—zimbalwa kuphela izikhala zemisebenzi ezweni lonke. Ngakho-ke, ngokungafani nemakethe yaseNtshonalanga, lapho ubuqili obunjalo bucatshangelwa lapho ufaka isicelo somsebenzi, ezweni lethu umuntu ozobhalwa kufanele afunde uhlu lwamakhono adingekayo ukuze aqonde ukuthi sikhuluma ngani.

Ukuze kube lula ukuhlaziya, sihlukanisa ukwesekwa ngesipiliyoni namakhono. Lokhu kuhlukaniswa akufanele kudidaniswe nokuhlukaniswa ngemigqa yosekelo lwezobuchwepheshe - lokhu kumayelana nokunye (mayelana nezinqubo ezithile zebhizinisi ezakhiwe ngaphakathi kwenkampani ethile).

Sicela uqaphele ukuthi ulwazi namakhono adingekayo esikhaleni esithile akuhambisani ngaso sonke isikhathi. Lokhu ngokwengxenye kungenxa yokuthi akuzona zonke izikhangiso ezibhalwe ngendlela efanele. Futhi ngezinye izikhathi akucaci ukuthi hlobo luni lokuhlangenwe nakho olucatshangelwayo: endaweni efanayo, enkampanini efanayo, noma isipiliyoni somsebenzi wonke?

Uma ufunda umbhalo wezikhala, ungakwazi ukuhlukanisa amazinga amane, esizokhuluma ngawo. Futhi nakuba iphuzu eliyinhloko kulokhu kuhlukaniswa isipiliyoni, isimo esidingekayo sokusuka kwelinye izinga ukuya kwelinye ukuba khona kwamakhono engeziwe ayengadingeki ngaphambili. Ukuze ucacise isimo futhi uthole idatha yekhwalithi ephezulu, sibuyekeze mathupha izikhala zemisebenzi ezingaba yikhulu esigabeni ngasinye (ngaphandle kwesokugcina, lapho okunikezwayo kukuncane kakhulu).

Izinga lokuqala. Ukwesekwa kobuchwepheshe ngaphandle kokuhlangenwe nakho

***sishintshe indlela yokubala ukuze sinqamule ukulahlwa kwempahla ngamabomu kubaqashi kanye namaholo akhuphukile ngenxa yokuma okungalungile kwesicelo (noma imboni ekhethekile), ngakho umkhawulo ophezulu wehlile)

U-16% wayo yonke imisebenzi yokweseka ezweni lonke uthi ayidingi isipiliyoni.

Uhlu lwezidingo zabantu abazongenela ukhetho lumayelana nemizwa. Bafuna ukubona kubo isifiso sokusebenza, isifiso sokukhula kochwepheshe kanye neqembu elincane, elinobungane. Ngokuvamile kushiwo:

• amakhono okuxhumana,
• isifiso nekhono lokuxhumana nabantu,
• isisho esivamile,
• ukubekezelela ukucindezeleka.

Amakhono obuchwepheshe anqunyelwe olwazini oluyisisekelo lwe-PC (umsebenzisi wamandla). Ngendlela, eminyakeni emibili edlule lolu lwazi lwalukhulunywa kaningi ezikhaleni. Namuhla kugcizelelwa kakhulu ukuxhumana. Lokhu mhlawumbe kuwumphumela wokuthuthukiswa kwezinqubo zokungena ezinkampanini.

Ezinye zezikhala zikhomba imfundo - imfundo ephakeme noma engaphelele (enamandla okuhlanganisa umsebenzi nokufunda). Abaqashi abangabodwa badinga amadigri ezobuchwepheshe aphezulu nangaphezulu. Kancane kancane, kudingeka izinga lokuqala lesiNgisi.

Isilinganiso semali engenayo kuleli zinga singama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingama-23 - 29.

Lokhu ubuncane obuyisilinganiso obuncane kanye nesilinganiso esiphezulu semali engenayo emenyezelwe esandleni (sizongena ngemininingwane mayelana nokuthi lezi zinkomba ziyini esigabeni semigodi). Eduze komkhawulo omncane kunezikhala ezifundeni ezisezikhungweni zokucubungula izingcingo ezingenayo ezingenamsebenzi. Uhlobo lolayini wokuqala owamukela izingcingo. Amaholo aphezulu anikezwa ezimbonini ezithile, nakuba izikhangiso ezinjalo azihlali zicacile ukuthi abenzi bezicelo abangenalwazi bavunyelwe ngempela yini (noma ukuthi kusho ukungabi khona kwesipiliyoni embonini).

Ngeke kushiwo ukuthi imali engenayo yezinga lokuqala ikhule phakathi neminyaka engu-2 kusukela embikweni wokugcina. Mhlawumbe imali etholwe esandleni inyukile, ukuthi nje imakethe iphoqe izikhangiso ukuthi zithembeke kakhulu.

Kumuntu ozobhapathizwa, umsebenzi uvame ukuqala ngokuqeqeshwa kwezinkampani. Kwesinye isikhathi i-stipend iyakhokhwa, kwesinye isikhathi ayikho. Ngisho noma ekhokhelwe, cishe izoba ngaphansi kweholo elithenjiswe esikhangisweni.

Ngaphezu kwesinxephezelo sezinto ezibonakalayo, kuleli zinga sesilungele ukunikela:

• ukuqeqeshwa kwezinkampani;
• ukweluleka;
• itiye/ikhofi namakhekhe ehhovisi;
• izaphulelo zebhizinisi - abasebenzi benkampani banikezwa izaphulelo kumasevisi abo noma izinkonzo zozakwethu.

Izikhala ezingavamile ziqukethe uhlu olunwetshiwe lwamabhonasi:

• I-VHI - ngokuvamile hhayi ngokushesha, kodwa ngemva konyaka noma emibili yomsebenzi enkampanini, noma isinxephezelo esiyingxenye kuphela;
• inkokhelo yesidlo sasemini (ngemikhawulo ethile);
• isinxephezelo esiyingxenye noma esigcwele sokufaneleka (noma indawo yokuzivocavoca ehhovisi);
• ukulethwa, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi somsebenzi wamashifu.

Abaningi baphinde baziqhenye ngempilo yenkampani ematasa, kodwa ngaphandle kwemininingwane kunzima ukubhala lokhu njengengcweti noma i-con.

Enye inothi elithokozisayo: umbono ojwayelekile wemakethe ezingeni lokuqala ngokuyisisekelo unqunywa izikhala zezinkampani ezinkulu - opharetha beselula, amabhange, njll. Izikhangiso zabo zisikhumbuza umncintiswano wokudala oqhubekayo wokuthengisa imibhalo nezithombe ezibonisa abantu abajabule. Emazingeni alandelayo ngeke usathola ukuhlukahluka okunjalo.

Iminyaka engu-1-2 yesipiliyoni kusekelo lobuchwepheshe. Ozithembayo omncane noma ocishe abe maphakathi

Izikhala ezingaphezu kwengxenye yezikhala zokwesekwa (53%) ziqondiswe kulabo chwepheshe. Eqinisweni, isibalo siphakeme nakakhulu, njengoba ezinye izikhangiso zezinga lokuqala ziqondiswe kwesibili (kuvele kunokudideka nolwazi olushiwo).
Kuleli zinga, abaqashi sebeyinaka kakhulu imfundo. Uma i-secondary specialized, ke yezobuchwepheshe, okungcono kakhulu. Kunezikhangiso ezimbalwa ezivumela imfundo ephakeme engaphelele. Izidingo zolimi lwesiNgisi nazo zibucayi kakhulu: kuyaye kudingeke ukuthi kufundwe imibhalo yolimi lwesiNgisi.

Abanye abaqashi futhi bagqamisa ingqikithi yokuhlangenwe nakho - kufanele kube sesimweni esifanayo noma engxenyeni ethile (isibonelo, isipiliyoni esikhungweni sezingcingo). Abambalwa bayavuma ukuntula okuhlangenwe nakho okuhlelekile, kodwa bathembisa ukugcina iso elibukhali olwazini.

Amakhono adingekayo afaka:

• ikhono lokusebenza ngamathuluzi asetshenziswa ukusekela ukusekelwa enkampanini ethile (HelpDesk, njll., kuye ngezinqubo),
• ulwazi lwezimiso zokusebenza ze-OS (iWindows noma i-Linux, kuye ngobungcweti);
• ulwazi lwamagama obuchwepheshe esigabeni esithile.

Ngokuvamile kuba nesidingo sokuthi:

• ukuqonda i-1C kanye nokucushwa kwayo okuqondile;
• ulwazi lwezimiso zokusebenza kwe-LAN, izivumelwano, ukucushwa kwemishini;
• ulwazi oluyisisekelo lokuhlela, ukuhlola nokuhlela;
• ulwazi lokuphatha, ikakhulukazi, ukusetha ukufinyelela kude;
• amakhono okusetha inkinga.

Imali engenayo kuleli zinga iphakathi kwama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingama-35 - 40 (lokhu ubuncane obujwayelekile kanye nesilinganiso esiphezulu esisesandleni). Lokhu kungaphezulu kancane kunamaholo ashiwo embikweni wethu odlule.

Ingqikithi yomsebenzi iwumugqa woku-1 noma wesi-2 wokusekelwa, ukubonisana okufanelekile kubasebenzisi. Uma lezi zingxoxo ziqondile, imali eyengeziwe. Ulwazi lwesiNgisi lubuye lukhulise imali engenayo.

Kuleli zinga, ezinye izikhala zihlanganisa ukuhamba (okuyizidingo ezikhomba imoto yomuntu siqu kanye nelayisense yesigaba B) kanye nohambo lwebhizinisi. Kulokhu, isinxephezelo esitholwe yinkampani siphezulu kakhulu, njengoba kubalwa izibonelelo zokuhamba kanye nesinxephezelo sikaphethiloli nezinto zokugcoba.

Uhlu lwezithembiso kuleli zinga luqukethe okuncane kakhulu mayelana nabasebenzi abanobungane kanye nempilo yebhizinisi, futhi uhlu lwezinketho ngokwalo lufushane kakhulu:

• ukukhula kochwepheshe kanye nomsebenzi;
• ukuqeqeshwa kwezinkampani, ngezinye izikhathi izitifiketi;
• isinxephezelo sezokuxhumana ngomakhalekhukhwini;
• itiye, ikhofi, izithelo nokunye okumnandi ehhovisi;
• I-VHI kanye nezemidlalo (ezinezimo ezithambile);
• izaphulelo zenkampani.

Nokho, kuleli zinga kusenencazelo enemininingwane yezikhala, kodwa ngokwesilinganiso izikhulu zakwa-HR azinaki kangako ukuhlanganiswa kwayo: amagama afanayo azulazula esuka esikhangisweni aye esikhangisweni. Futhi kweminye imibhalo, ungazwa umuzwa obuhlungu wenkampani ngemuva kwawo wonke amagama (lapho, ngokwesibonelo, embhalweni wesikhala esisodwa esikude kwashiwo ukuthi umsebenzi akufanele uhlanganiswe nomlingo omnyama nomhlophe). Kuphinde kwaphawuleka ukuthi kusukela kuleli zinga, abaqashi bavame ukusho indawo yokusebenza enethezekile kanye nehhovisi elikahle phakathi kwezinzuzo.

Isamba esincane

Imakethe yamaholo emazingeni amabili okuqala iyona esobala kakhulu, njengoba isabelo sezikhala esinamaholo abonisiwe siphezulu kakhulu lapha. Ngaphandle kwesipiliyoni somsebenzi, abaqashi abangama-60% bakhombisa ngokusobala iholo labo; ngeminyaka engu-1-2 yesipiliyoni - 68%.

Eminyakeni engu-3-5 yesipiliyoni, iholo livela kuphela ku-37% wezikhala, futhi uma kudingeka iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-6 yesipiliyoni, abaqashi abangu-19% kuphela bazokhuluma ngemali.. Lokhu kunengqondo: izinga eliphezulu lochwepheshe, izinqubo eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu abandakanyeka kuzo. Akusalula kangako ukubazisa ngemali. Phakathi nenhlolokhono, sikhuluma ngokuheha ochwepheshe abathile. Abanye abantu bangaqashwa isikhashana, kodwa abanye bangakhokhelwa ngokweqile. Inombolo esesikhangisweni ilahlekelwa ukuthintana neqiniso.

Kulabo abafuna ukuqala ukusebenza bekude, kusekelwe ukuthi amaleveli amabili okuqala angawona angokoqobo kakhulu. Kowokuqala, cishe u-7% wezikhala wezikhala uhilela ukusebenza ekhaya (ngaphezu kwamakhono achazwe ngenhla) ikhompuyutha enokufinyelela njalo ku-inthanethi kanye nehedisethi. Ezingeni lesibili, izikhala ezikude zingu-4%. Izinga lesithathu nelesine libheka abasebenzi abakude kuphela ku-3% no-2% wamacala, ngokulandelana. Mhlawumbe babaqasha ezisebenzini eseziqinisekisiwe kakade, noma mhlawumbe abaziqashi nhlobo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngokwesilinganiso, imali engenayo ethenjiswe ezikhaleni ezikude iphansi kunezikhundla ezifanayo ehhovisi - abaqashi bazama ngokusobala ukulondoloza imali ngokuhambisa abasebenzi abancane abaqeqeshiwe ngaphandle kwehhovisi.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ngokwesilinganiso ku-IT ukubuka komsebenzi okude kuhluke ngokuphelele - labo abasebenza ngokuzimela "bayeke" bayosebenza ekhaya, hhayi abancane.

Kodwa kulabo abafuna ukuhlanganisa izikhala ezingazuzisi kakhulu ezivela kubaqashi abaningana (okungukuthi, ngombono, kungenziwa ukude), lezi akuzona izikhathi ezingcono kakhulu. Ngokusobala, izinkampani sezivele zinyathele kulesi sikhala, kangangokuthi ezikhangisweni eziningi zezinga lokuqala nelesibili kukhona inothi ukuthi akuvunyelwe ngokuphelele ukuhlanganisa, okungavumeli ukwandisa imali engenayo ephansi.

Usekelo lobuchwepheshe oluneminyaka engu-3-5 yesipiliyoni. Kuhle phakathi

Sekukonke, izikhala ezidinga iminyaka engaphezu kwemi-3 yesipiliyoni somsebenzi zingama-12% kuphela enani eliphelele lezikhangiso. Lokhu kuyabikezelwa: kuleli zinga, imali engenayo ayiphezulu kangako, futhi kukhona umuntu okufanele akhule ngaphakathi kwenkampani. Kodwa-ke, ukudideka kunezelwa ukuchazwa okuhlukile kokuhlangenwe nakho kwezikhulu zabasebenzi, okuphawulwe ngenhla. Ezinye zezikhala zisho isipiliyoni somsebenzi ojwayelekile, kanti ezinye zisho isipiliyoni esikhundleni esithile noma enkampanini esesigabeni semakethe esinikeziwe. Ngeshwa, amakhandidethi kufanele azitholele lokhu ngokwawo ngokusekelwe embhalweni wezikhangiso.

Imisebenzi kuleli zinga cishe njalo idinga iziqu zasekolishi kwezobunjiniyela. Kwezinye izimo, ezomnotho nazo zifanelekile - uma sikhuluma ngokusevisa i-1C efanayo. Abantu abaningi badinga isiNgisi okungenani ezingeni elanele ukufunda imibhalo. Kwesinye isikhathi kuba nesicelo sesiNgisi esikhulunywayo nesibhaliwe. Mayelana nezikhala, kuzoba inzuzo ukuthi uqedele isitifiketi, isibonelo ku I-ITIL.

Ingqikithi yomsebenzi ayikwazi ukuchazwa ngokungaguquki ngokufanisa namazinga amabili okuqala. Kwezinye izindawo lokhu ngolunye ulayini wokusekelwa kwesoftware, kwezinye izindawo ukugcinwa kwemishini esizeni, okuhlanganisa ethize. Kulokhu, izikhundla zingase zibe namagama afanayo.
Amakhono adingekayo anqunywa uhlobo lomsebenzi. Izikhala eziningi zibalula:

• Ulwazi lwe-OS ezingeni lomlawuli (iWindows noma i-Linux);
• ukumisa inethiwekhi, izinto zasehhovisi, abashayeli;
• sebenza ngemibhalo (ukuncintisana, imidwebo, imiyalelo).

Uhlu olwengeziwe lwamakhono luncike ekuqeqesheni. Kungaba:

• ukuqonda imigomo yokusungula imishini yezokuxhumana;
• ulwazi lwezinqubo ezithile zokukhiqiza kanye nempahla ehlobene (isibonelo embonini yobisi noma ezohwebo);
• ukulungiswa nokugcinwa kwemikhiqizo ethile yeseva ne-OS (ukusabalalisa kwe-Linux ecacisiwe);
• ulwazi olujulile lwe-1C kanye nokucushwa kwayo nezinqubo ezihlobene, isibonelo, amarekhodi abasebenzi;
• ukuqonda kwezimiso eziyisisekelo zenethiwekhi namafomethi okushintshana kwedatha (i-XML, i-JSON).

Kwesinye isikhathi udinga eyakho imoto kanye nelayisense yesigaba B. Kodwa akuzona zonke izikhangisi ezikhuluma ngekhono elifana namakhono okuxhumana ohlwini lwalawo adingekayo - lapha akusadingeki ngaso sonke isikhathi uxhumane namaklayenti noma abameleli bawo.

Isilinganiso semali engenayo sisuka kuma-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingama-50 kuye kwangama-60 (ubuncane obumaphakathi nesilinganiso esiphezulu, ngokulandelana). Ngakho kusukela kuleli zinga, umehluko wemali engenayo phakathi kweMoscow namanye amadolobha ezwe uyabonakala. Izikhala eziningi zemali zisenhlokodolobha. Nokho, azikho izinombolo ezanele ezishicilelwe ukuvumela ukuhlaziywa okunemininingwane.

Kuya ngesimo somsebenzi, kunezikhala eziningi kuleli zinga ngokuhamba njalo okwandisa imali engenayo. Kukhona nezikhangiso zokuqashwa kwabaphathi eqenjini longoti noma umnyango wonke. Ngokwemvelo, iholo labo liphakeme ngisho nangokwengeziwe, njengomthwalo wabo wemfanelo. Amakhono athile - ulwazi ezindaweni eziwumngcingo, ulwazi olujulile engxenyeni ethile (edingwa inkampani) futhi ukwandisa "intengo" yochwepheshe.

Izisusa ezingezona izinto ezibonakalayo ngokuvamile zihambisana nezithembiso zeleveli yangaphambilini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, sengeza izinketho ezifunwa abasebenzi abanemindeni:

• isinxephezelo esiyingxenye samaholide ezingane;
• ukwesekwa ngokwezimali uma kwenzeka izinguquko zokuphila (umshado, ukuzalwa kwezingane, njll.).

Ngaphezu kweminyaka engu-6 yesipiliyoni somsebenzi - okungenani esiphezulu

Nakuba ochwepheshe abaningi abaqeqeshiwe bedingeka ngokusobala emakethe, Sekuvele kunezikhala ezimbalwa kakhulu kuleli zinga - ngaphezudlwana kuka-1% yenani eliphelele elisekelwayo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, abantu abambalwa kuphela ababonisa iholo, ngenxa yalokho Sinezikhangiso ezingu-30 kuphela ezisele ukuthi zihlaziywe (ezinye zazo ezigcine ngokusobala zisendaweni engafanele ngenxa yephutha ku-algorithm yesihlanganisi - ngokwesibonelo, akucaci ukuthi “uthisha” uvelaphi).

Kuleli zinga, imfundo ephakeme yezobuchwepheshe isivele idingeka yonke indawo, ngezinye izikhathi ngobuchwepheshe obuthile, futhi ngokuvamile kudingeka isitifiketi. Uma sikhuluma ngesikhundla sobuholi, khona-ke sidinga ulwazi ebuholini obufanayo - izinqubo zokuqalisa, ukuhlela imisebenzi, njll. Uma kukhulunywa ngolimi lwesiNgisi, ngokuvamile akudingekile kuphela ubuchwepheshe bokufunda imibhalo, kodwa futhi nokuxoxa. Ukuxhumana kubonakala futhi ohlwini lwezimfanelo zomuntu siqu, kanye ne-erudition evamile, engatholakalanga emazingeni aphansi.

Ukusabalala kwamaholo kuleli zinga kubanzi kakhulu - kusuka kuma-ruble angama-60 kuye kwayi-100 noma ngaphezulu ayizinkulungwane (njengangaphambili, lokhu kuyisilinganiso esincane esilinganiselwe kanye nesilinganiso esiphezulu). Kodwa kunezikhangiso ezifika ezinkulungwaneni ezingama-30 nezingaphezu kwezinkulungwane eziyi-150. Ibha ephansi inqunywa abaqashi abathi ngesizathu esithile bafuna abantu abanolwazi okungenani lweminyaka eyi-10 basebenze emigqeni yabo yokuqala. Phezulu, lobu bubanzi “bufudunyezwa” yizikhala zabaphathi bosekelo nezikhungo zesevisi. Ngomehluko onjalo emisebenzini namakhono adingekayo, akunakwenzeka ukuhlonza noma yiziphi izidingo ezivamile phakathi kwabaqashi.

Isinxephezelo esingezona ezezimali ngokuvamile sifana neleveli yangaphambilini, kodwa lapho ngifunda izikhangiso, isithembiso esisodwa sangidonsa amehlo: ukungabibikho kwekhephu yomholo. Lesi sikhala akuxoxwanga ngaso emazingeni adlule.

Izingibe zokusebenza ekusekelweni kobuchwepheshe

Njengeminyaka emi-2 edlule, ngingathanda ukuhlala ngokwehlukana ezingibeni.

Sithembisa okuningi - sikhokha kancane

Imiholo ikhonjiswe ezikhaleni eziningi kuneminyaka engu-2 edlule, kodwa hhayi ngokwethembeka njalo. Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, sezizonke, ama-51% ezikhangiso aseshicilelwe namaholo (embikweni odlule bekunama-42%)..

Ngokuvamile kucacile embhalweni wesikhangiso ukuthi kukhona amaholo namabhonasi angakhokhelwa njalo, kodwa ngaphansi kokugcwaliseka kwamazinga athile noma ama-KPI. Noma isikhangiso sisho ngokusobala ukuthi ekuqaleni uchwepheshe uzothola okuncane ngenxa yesikhathi sokuhlolwa, i-internship nanoma yisiphi esinye isizathu. Isimo siba sibi nakakhulu lapho ikhandidethi ibonakala ibona iholo, kodwa ayikwazi ukubala inombolo yangempela, ngoba (ngemuva kwalokhu - isicaphuna sangempela):

“Izinga lomholo kuxoxwa ngalo ngabanye kuye ngokuthi unekhono elinjani”

Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ezinye izinkampani zibala ukukhonjiswa kwamaholo ekupheleni konyaka njengokuhlanganisa.
Kuzo zonke izimo ezingenhla, inani elikhulu kunawo wonke lisetshenziselwa ukuhlukanisa izikhangiso kuphothali yabasebenzi, okwenza isikhala sibe phezulu uma sihlelwa ngemali engenayo. Mhlawumbe, ngokukhohlisa ngezinombolo, izikhulu zezisebenzi zifuna ukuheha ukunaka okwengeziwe esikhangisweni sazo.

Kulo mbiko, sizame ukuqoqa izibalo ezingokoqobo kakhulu: esikhaleni ngasinye sibonise ubuncane nobukhulu obungatholwa isisebenzi. Isibonelo, uma sikhuluma ngomholo ngebhonasi, khona-ke ubuncane buwumholo "wezandla", futhi inani eliphakeme liyiholo elinebhonasi ephakeme kakhulu (uma ubukhulu bayo bubonisiwe). Ubuncane obumaphakathi ubuncane obumaphakathi bazo zonke izikhangiso ezingeni elihambisanayo. Isilinganiso esiphezulu - esifanayo, kodwa ngemali engenayo ephezulu.

Isikhathi sokufunda ukubala

Okuthakaselayo wukuthi izikhala ezidinga unyaka wonke zivame ukungena esigabeni “sokungabi nasipiliyoni”, nakuba eqinisweni kukhona uhlu oluphelele lwamakhono adingekayo. Lokhu kungenzeka iphutha lokuhlanganisa, noma isikhulu sabasebenzi besizama ukwedlula amakhandidethi anobuqili nakakhulu. Bathi bazofuna umsebenzi onesipiliyoni esingaphezu kwalokhu abanawo...kodwa nakhu sesikhona. Futhi iholo liphezulu uma kuqhathaniswa nesizinda sezikhala zezikhala "ezingenalwazi".

Kithina kubonakala sengathi sekuyisikhathi sokulahla lobu kukhwabanisa. Ezingeni lokuqala nelesibili leziqu, konke kusobala - isikhangiso kunoma yikuphi, emehlweni omuntu ozobhalwa, "sizowa" esithombeni sonke.

"Sidinga umuntu ohlanzekile oneziqu ezimbili nolwazi lwesiNgisi"...
(c) ihlaya kusukela ngeminyaka yama-90s

Ngenkathi sifunda imibhalo yezikhala, sabona ukungahambisani okusobala. Isibonelo, abantu abanolwazi lwe-CRM kuphela abaqashwe ngaphandle kokuhlangenwe nakho. Noma ulayini wokuqala wosekelo lwempendulo elula ngocingo kanye nokuqondisa kabusha kwesicelo kudinga ikhandidethi okungenani elinesipiliyoni seminyaka eyi-10, okuhlanganisa njengomlawuli wesistimu. Ukube besiyizisebenzi, besingeke siphendule ezikhangisweni “eziziphikisayo” ezinjalo. Kodwa ngithanda ukuncoma ukuthi umqashi abheke ngokwanele imisebenzi yakhe kanye nezidingo zabasebenzi.

Inkinga yokuqamba amagama

Nakuba ongoti be-HR bengena bejula engxenyeni ye-IT ukuze bahehe abasebenzi abanekhono, ukudideka namagama ezikhundla zokusekela kuye kwaba kubi kakhulu phakathi neminyaka edlule. Eminyakeni emibili edlule, sahlaziya izikhala ngokucabangela izikhundla - opharetha, uchwepheshe, unjiniyela, umphathi. Manje akusizi ukugxila kuzo, ngoba kwezinye izikhala u-opharetha futhi, uthi, unjiniyela wehlukile komunye nomunye ngokokuhlangenwe nakho, futhi kwezinye izimo umehluko oyisisekelo usuvele usesimweni somsebenzi (ngesizathu esithile, onjiniyela baqashwa enkonzweni yasensimini, ngisho bengenaso isipiliyoni somsebenzi, kanye nongoti - ukuze bafakwe ehhovisi). Ngakho-ke uma ufuna umsebenzi kule ngxenye, sebenzisa izinketho ezahlukene zemibuzo.

Esikhundleni samathothali

Imakethe isishintshile...

• Ziningi izikhala, ikakhulukazi ezifundeni.
• Sekukonke amaholo anyuke kancane eminyakeni emibili, kodwa hhayi wonke umuntu. Ezingeni eliphansi (ngaphandle kokuhlangenwe nakho), ukukhula cishe kunguziro. Kodwa izinga eliphezulu lochwepheshe, ukukhula okukhulu. Ngeshwa, embikweni wokugcina asizange sibheke abasebenzi abaqeqeshiwe ngemininingwane enjalo, ngakho-ke singathatha kuphela idatha ehlanganisiwe yezinga lesibili nelesithathu njengesisekelo sokuhlola lokhu kukhula. Ngokusekelwe kule datha, ukunyuka kwakucishe kube ngu-19%. Lokhu kuphakeme izikhathi ezingaphezu kwezi-2 kunokwehla kwamandla emali okusemthethweni.
• Amaholo manje aboniswa kaningi ezikhangisweni. Nakuba bengazange bafunde ukukubonisa ngokwethembeka.
• Igebe elibonakalayo phakathi kwezikhangiso zokuqashwa kwabasebenzi abangaqeqeshiwe kanye nokuthungathwa kochwepheshe bephrofayili ewumngcingo liya liba likhudlwana. Eyokuqala igxile ekugelezeni: ngezithombe ezinhle nezithombe zabantu abanelisekile, belandela isibonelo sesikhangiso esithi "Work at McDonald's", abaqashi bazama ukunciphisa izindleko zokuqasha. Kufana nesikhangiso se-B2C: “Thenga izindlovu zethu.” Amakhono obuchwepheshe afiphala ngemuva lapha: kulula ukufundisa kunokubheka okuthile okukhethekile. Kodwa izikhala zochwepheshe abanolwazi azishintshile - zisamile, zi-laconic futhi ziqukethe uhlu olukhulu lwezidingo zobuchwepheshe (ngezinye izikhathi zihlukanisiwe ngokoqobo).
• Ingxenye yomsebenzi ekude iyakhula; ihamba kancane, kodwa inyusa amaholo ezifundeni. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, emadolobheni amakhulu kukhona ukugcwala kwabasebenzi kwezinye izikhundla - ngenxa yomkhuba, abantu basaya eMoscow ngemali.

Ngaphansi kwethonya lalezi zici nezinye, izinombolo kanye nobudlelwano bazo buyashintsha. Futhi siyaqiniseka ukuthi uguquko olukhulu luseza.

Namuhla, njengeminyaka emibili edlule, akuseyena oye wahlala ngempumelelo enhloko-dolobha owenza imali, kodwa lowo onolwazi oluthile emkhakheni omncane noma ohlanganisa izingxenye ezibonakala zingahambelani. Ukube bekukhona isidingo sale nhlanganisela.

Mhlawumbe, ubuchwepheshe obuncane obufunwayo manje sekuyimali eqinile yemakethe yabasebenzi. Akunakwenzeka ukuthi izowela ngentengo noma nini maduze. Kodwa thina, kanye namakhulu ezinkampani zesevisi ezivela ezinhlobonhlobo zezimboni ezingamakhasimende, silandela amanye amathrendi. KulungileSizojabula ukubukela. Sijoyine!

Source: www.habr.com