Le ncwadi iphelelisa uchungechunge lwezihloko ezithi “Yini ongayizwa emsakazweni?” isihloko mayelana nokusakazwa komsakazo we-shortwave.

Ukunyakaza okukhulu kwemisakazo ezweni lakithi kwaqala ngokuhlangana kwezamukeli zomsakazo ezilula zokulalela iziteshi zomsakazo. Umklamo we-detector receiver washicilelwa okokuqala kumagazini othi "Radio Amateur", No. 7, 1924. Ukusakazwa komsakazo omkhulu e-USSR kwaqala ngo-1922 "ngegagasi lamamitha ayizinkulungwane ezintathu" (i-frequency 100 kHz, DV range) nge i-transmitter enamandla angu-12 kW iziteshi zomsakazo eziqanjwe ngalo Comintern (shayela uphawu RDW). Kancane kancane, ukusakazwa komsakazo kwamboza uhla lwe-CB, kwathi ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-20s nasekuqaleni kwawo-30, ukusakazwa kwe-HF kwaqala ukukhula, kufaka phakathi nezilimi zakwamanye amazwe (ukusakaza kwamanye amazwe).

Ukusakazwa kwamanye amazwe ku-HF kwafinyelela umvuthwandaba phakathi neMpi Yomshoshaphansi njengelinye lamathuluzi asebenzayo omzabalazo wemibono nenkulumo-ze. Ngemva kokuwa kwe-Iron Curtain, ukusakazwa kolimi lwesiRashiya ku-HF kwakungokwezindaba, amasiko nokushumayela.

Ukulawulwa kokusakazwa kwemisakazo yamazwe ngamazwe ku-HF kwenziwa inhlangano engekho ngaphansi kukahulumeni engenzi nzuzo I-HFCC. Kabili ngonyaka, izingqungquthela ze-HFCC zigunyaza ukusatshalaliswa kwamafrikhwensi nezikhathi zokusakaza. Amadokhumenti etholakalayo ukuze ilandwe esizeni. Ku-database yamanje kukhona ukufinyelela okusebenzisanayo. Kusukela ngoMashi 31.03.2019, 19, isizini yehlobo ye-A19 yaqala. Isizini yasebusika ye-B27.10.2019 izoqala ngo-Okthoba 29.03.2020, XNUMX futhi izoqhubeka kuze kube nguMashi XNUMX, XNUMX.

Ilalele umsakazo...

E-Perm, ukukhetha kwezinhlelo zomsakazo ozozilalela ebhendini ye-HF kunqunyelwe. Ngesikhathi sasemini, kuwo wonke amabhendi okusakaza amagagasi amafushane awutholi ngaphezu kwamabili noma amathathu, futhi ngesikhathi sobumnyama - iziteshi zomsakazo eziyishumi nambili ehlobo noma ezimbalwa ebusika.

Ukwamukela ngisebenzisa imishini “yesabelomali” efanelekile:

1. Isamukeli somsakazo sokusakaza i-Tecsun PL-380.
2. Isamukeli somsakazo wokuxhumana iSoftRock Ensemble II RX kanye ne-HDSDR v.2.70

Esithombeni esingenhla, i-Tecsun PL-380 ishunwe ku-11875 kHz (ububanzi obungamamitha angama-25). Ukusakaza kwenziwa ngesiRashiya. Itimu yohlelo: isiko lamaShayina. Kusukela ku-database ye-HFCC ngefomethi yombhalo sifunda ukuthi lena i-China International Radio, isidlulisi sitholakala e-Urumqi, amandla okudlulisa ama-500 W, i-antenna ikhanya nge-azimuth 308 degrees.

Silungiselela i-SoftRock Ensemble II RX kanye ne-HDSDR v.2.70 kumafrikhwensi angu-11875 kHz:

Chofoza inkinobho ye-FreqMgr ukuze ufake i-Frequency Manager futhi uthole isiteshi somsakazo kusizindalwazi se-EiBi:

...bese uwenza into yokuzilibazisa, umdlalo noma iqoqo

Ngokusho kwe-HFCC, idatha yabo egciniwe iqukethe idatha ku-85% wokusakazwa kwamazwe ngamazwe kwe-HF, kanti u-15% osele uhlanganisa ukusakazwa kwasekhaya e-Afrika naseLatin America, okungadingi ukulawulwa ngamazwe ngamazwe. Lokhu akuhambisani ngaso sonke isikhathi nabathandi bomsakazo, futhi bakhipha izingosi zabo zolwazi, ezingeziwe. Isizindalwazi EiBi - omunye wabo.

Ukwamukela amasignali eziteshini zomsakazo ezisakazwayo kubizwa I-DXing. Ingqikithi yalo mkhuba: umlaleli womsakazo uthumela umbiko esiteshini somsakazo mayelana nokusatshalaliswa okutholiwe, futhi abaphathi besiteshi somsakazo bephendula bathumela ikhadi lerisidi (QSL) eliqinisekisa ukuthi umlaleli womsakazo uwutholile umyalezo kulo msakazo. Isibonelo sekhadi le-QSL singabukwa lapha.

Abahleli bokusakaza babuka imibiko njengento ebalulekile yempendulo. Isibonelo, eminyakeni embalwa edlule kusukela kungxoxo nomhleli Isevisi yokusakaza yaseRussia yeRadio Taiwan International Ngathola ukuthi emasontweni amabili okuqala okusakaza ngesiRashiya, babenomuzwa “wokukhulumisana obala,” kwaze kwaba yilapho bethola umbiko ovela eRussia eyimfundamakhwela. Kusukela lapho, abahleli be-RTI yokusakaza yaseRussia bebezama ukuthumela ama-QSL kuwo wonke umuntu obhale.

“Umkhawulo wokungena” ku-DXing uphansi: kwanele ukuba nesamukeli sokusakaza. Abashisekayo bayaxhumana ngezinkundla nezingqungquthela, lapho beshintshana khona ngolwazi mayelana neziteshi zomsakazo ezitholiwe, amakheli ehhovisi le-QSL, kanye nezimemezelo zokusakaza. Abashisekayo babuye bashicilele njalo izinkomba zemibhalo nezincwadi zezindaba. Isibonelo seqembu le-DX yi Indawo yaseNovosibirsk DX.

Isifinyezo esifushane

Ukwamukelwa kweziteshi zomsakazo kube futhi kuseyindawo ebalulekile yokunyakaza komsakazo we-amateur. Emhlabeni wanamuhla, ukusakazwa kwamanye amazwe ku-HF akusebenzi kakhulu imibono njengemigomo yezingxoxo phakathi kwamasiko.

Umsebenzi wokwamukela iziteshi zokusakaza awudingi ukutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu, ukuthola amalayisensi noma ukuqinisekisa iziqu.

Umbhali wokushicilelwa akayena umshisekeli we-DXing, kodwa usekela ngenkuthalo yonke into ehlanganisa abantu futhi ikhuthaze inkhulumomphendvulwano phakathi kwabo.

Source: www.habr.com