Namuhla kunezindlela eziningi eziphumelelayo zokufunda isiNgisi. Ngingathanda ukwengeza amasenti ami amabili ngakolunye uhlangothi: ukusho ukuthi kuphazamisa ukufunda ulimi.
Esinye salezi zingqinamba ukuthi simfundisa endaweni engafanele. Asikhulumi ngezitho zomzimba, kodwa mayelana nezindawo zobuchopho. Kunezindawo zikaWernicke kanye neBroca ku-prefrontal cortex yobuchopho, ezihlotshaniswa nokubona nokukhiqizwa kwenkulumo ... Kubantu abadala, banesibopho sokwamukela izimpawu ze-acoustic, ngenxa yokuthi kungenzeka kakhulu umsebenzi wokukhuluma.
Futhi izingane ezineminyaka emihlanu kuya kweyisikhombisa zifunda olunye ulimi kalula nje! Lokhu kwenzeka naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ubuchopho babo abukavuthwa ngempela. Ukwakheka kwe-cortex kugcina cishe eminyakeni eyishumi nambili kuya kweyishumi nanhlanu - bese umuntu ethola ikhono lokuqedela ukwakhiwa okunengqondo, "ungena engqondweni," njengoba besho ... Ngalesi sikhathi, izindawo zikaWernicke neBroca ziyavuthwa futhi ziqala ube nesibopho somsebenzi wenkulumo yomuntu. Kodwa kwenzekani ngaphambi kokuvuthwa kwe-cortex, esiyilayisha kakhulu lapho sifunda olunye ulimi?
Izindlela ezivamile zokufundisa ulimi lwangaphandle ngokwazo azikhiqizi kakhulu - abaningi baye bafunda bezisebenzisa, kodwa abazange bathole ulwazi. Lezi zindlela zinikeza imiphumela lapho, ngasizathu simbe, zikwazi ukwenza kusebenze izindawo ezijulile zobuchopho, izingxenye zayo zasendulo, izingane ezizisebenzisa ngempumelelo.
Singathatha indlela enengqondo yokufunda ulimi lwakwelinye izwe: funda futhi uhumushe, sandise ulwazimagama lwethu, sifunde uhlelo lolimi. Kodwa ulimi lutholwa (uma lutholwa) ezingeni lokungazi lutho noma lokuqulekile. Futhi lokhu kimi kubonakala kuwuhlobo oluthile lweqhinga.
Isithiyo sesibili: izindlela zokufunda ulimi lwesibili ngokwazo. Zikopishwe ezifundweni zokufunda ulimi lwendabuko. Izingane zifundiswa ukufunda nokubhala kusetshenziswa incwadi ye-ABC - esikoleni noma ekhaya, yonke into iqala ngezinhlamvu zamagama, ngamagama alula, bese kuba imishwana, bese kuba nohlelo lolimi, bese iza (uma ifika) ku-stylistics ... ukufundisa esikoleni, izintshisekelo zikathisha ziqinile (hhayi njengomuntu ngamunye, kodwa njengengxenye yesistimu yezemfundo): mangaki amahora, ngokuhambisana nendlela egunyaziwe, asetshenziswe kulesi sihloko, yimuphi umphumela otholakele ngendlela ukuhlolwa okuhlukahlukene ... ngemuva kwakho konke lokhu kukhona ukubalwa ngokucophelela kwesikhathi nemali esetshenzisiwe. Ngokuvamile, ulimi ngokwalo, lukhulisa uthando lwalo, luhlola ukuthi "lungena" kanjani kumfundi nokuthi luhlala isikhathi esingakanani - okungukuthi, izithakazelo eziyinhloko zomfundi ngokwakhe - zihlala zigcwele. Konke ukufunda kwenzeka ngokunengqondo kakhulu futhi ngaphandle. Lolu hlelo lwemfundo olusekelwe esifundweni luvela eNkathini Ephakathi futhi lwagxila enkathini yezimboni, lapho ukuqeqeshwa okujwayelekile nokuhlolwa kolwazi kwakubalulekile. Singavumelana ngandlela thize nakho konke lokhu - azikho izindlela eziphelele. I-bureaucracy ilawula ngemibandela yenhloso. Kodwa! Omunye umehluko omkhulu: ingane ethuthukisa ulimi lwayo lwendabuko esikoleni isiyazi ukuthi ikhulunywa kanjani! Ungathini ngomfundi oqala ulimi olusha kusukela ekuqaleni... Lapha uhlelo lokufundisa lwendabuko lunikeza imiphumela enesizotha kakhulu - khumbula ulwazi lwakho nolwazi lwabangane bakho.
Njengesengezo kuleli phuzu: ingane iqonda kanjani ukuthi leli kitten? Ithini lenkukhu? Umuntu omdala anganikezwa inguqulo esuka kolunye ulimi iye kolunye, ehlanganisa igama negama. Kusikhulumi somdabu, isenzakalo nomqondo kuxhunywe ngokuhlukile.
Isizathu sesithathu. Iqembu lesazi se-neurophysiologist saseMelika esidumile u-Paula Tallal sathola ukuthi cishe amaphesenti angu-20 abantu emphakathini abakwazi ukubhekana nesilinganiso sokukhuluma esivamile. (lokhu kuhlanganisa nezinkinga ezifana ne-dyslexia, i-dysgraphia nezinye izinkinga). Laba bantu abanaso isikhathi sokubona nokuqonda abakuzwayo. I-cerebellum inesibopho senqubo - le "motherboard" yobuchopho bethu ayikwazi ukubhekana nokucubungula ulwazi olungenayo ngesikhathi sangempela. Indaba ayilona ithemba: ungakwazi ukuqeqesha ngesivinini esincane futhi ekugcineni ufinyelele isivinini esivamile. Ezimweni eziningi lokhu kuphumelela. Kepha udinga ukwazi ukuthi kukhona nokuqamekela okudinga izindlela ezikhethekile.
Isizathu sesine: ukudideka okuyisisekelo emiqondweni. Cishe nguyena owayenoshevu kunabo bonke kimi. Senzenjani ngolimi lwesibili? SIYAMFUNDISA. Ngaphumelela kahle ezifundweni zezibalo nefiziksi esikoleni futhi ngafunda isiNgisi ngendlela efanayo. Kudingeka ufunde amagama nohlelo lolimi, futhi yiziphi izinkinga ezingaba khona uma ufunde kahle yonke into futhi uyikhumbula kahle? Iqiniso lokuthi umsebenzi wenkulumo unomumo ohluke kakhulu futhi uhluke kakhulu kusayensi yokwakheka komzimba kunezakhiwo eziqagelayo (ngaphandle kwama-overtones acasulayo) ngezwa kimi eminyakeni eminingi kamuva.
Isizathu sesihlanu sihambisana ngokwengxenye nesesine. Lona i-ego. Uma ngiwazi amagama nohlelo lolimi, kungani ngiphindaphinda umusho engiwufunde kaningi? (βIngabe ngiyisiphukuphuku?β). Ukuziqhenya kwami ββkwalimala. Kodwa-ke, ukuqonda ulimi akulona ulwazi, kodwa ikhono elingakhiwa kuphela ngenxa yokuphindaphinda okuphindaphindiwe, futhi ngokumelene nesizinda sokususa ukugxeka ngokumelene nawe. Iqhinga elingokwengqondo - ukuncipha kokucabanga - nakho kuvame ukuthwalisa abantu abadala. Ukunciphisa ukuzigxeka kwakunzima kimi.
Ukufingqa, ngingathanda ukwazi ngolwazi lwakho lokufunda isiNgisi (ngizama ukuthola indlela yokuthola ulimi engasusa ngandlela thize imikhawulo esohlwini neminye engaba khona). Futhi umbuzo uphakama: kubaluleke kangakanani ukuthi umklami afunde kahle isiNgisi ngaphezu kobuncane bomsebenzi, ulwazi (oluncane) lwalo olungenakugwemeka? Kubaluleke kangakanani ukwazi kahle kolimi mayelana nohambo, ukushintsha indawo, ukuhlala isikhashana endaweni abakhuluma isiNgisi noma, ngobubanzi, kwenye indawo yamasiko lapho isiNgisi singase sanele ukuxhumana?
Source: www.habr.com