Sawubona, Habr.
Π Ezinye izimpawu ezingatholwa ngamagagasi amade namafushane ziye zachazwa. Akukho okuthakazelisa kancane ibhendi ye-VHF, lapho ungathola khona okuthile okuthakazelisayo.
Njengasengxenyeni yokuqala, sizocubungula lezo zimpawu ezingakwazi ukuzimela ngokuzimela kusetshenziswa ikhompuyutha. Kulabo abanentshisekelo yokuthi isebenza kanjani, ukuqhubeka kungaphansi kokusika.
Engxenyeni yokuqala sasebenzisa isiDashi ukuthola amagagasi amade namafushane. Ngeshwa, azikho izinsizakalo ezifanayo ku-VHF - ibanga lefrikhwensi libanzi kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, labo abafisa ukuphinda izivivinyo ezichazwe ngezansi kuzodingeka bazitholele esabo isamukeli; esishibhe kakhulu singaphawulwa. , engathengwa ngo-$30. Lesi samukeli sivala ibanga elifika ku-1.7 GHz, wonke amasiginali achazwe ngezansi atholwa kuso.
Ngakho ake siqale. Njengasengxenyeni yokuqala, sizocubungula amasignali ekukhuleni kwemvamisa.
Umsakazo we-FM
Umsakazo we-FM ngokwawo ngeke umangaze noma ubani, kodwa sizoba nentshisekelo ku-RDS. Ukuba khona kwe-RDS (Radio Data System) kuqinisekisa ukudluliswa kwedatha yedijithali βngaphakathiβ kwesiginali ye-FM. I-spectrum yesiginali yesiteshi se-FM ngemuva kokwehliswa ibukeka kanjena:
Ithoni yokuhlola itholakala kufrikhwensi engu-19KHz, futhi isignali ye-RDS idluliselwa kumafrikhwensi ayo amathathu angu-57KHz. Ku-oscillogram, uma ubonisa zombili izimpawu ndawonye, ββββkubukeka kanjena:
Kusetshenziswa ukuguqulwa kwesigaba, isignali yefrikhwensi ephansi ene-frequency engu-1187.5 Hz ibhalwe ngekhodi lapha (ngendlela, imvamisa ye-1187.5 Hz nayo ayikhethwanga ngenhlanhla - lena imvamisa yethoni yokushayela engu-19 KHz ihlukaniswe ngo-16). Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngemuva kokuqoshwa kancane kancane, amaphakethe edatha ayasuswa, okukhona izinhlobo ezimbalwa - ngaphezu kombhalo, ngokwesibonelo, amaza okusakaza ehlukile esiteshi somsakazo angasakazwa, futhi lapho engena kwenye indawo, umamukeli angashuna ngokuzenzakalelayo ifrikhwensi entsha.
Ungathola idatha ye-RDS eziteshini zasendaweni usebenzisa uhlelo . Ingaxhunywa nge-HDSDR uma ukhetha ukushintshashintsha kwe-FM, ububanzi besignali obungu-120KHz nezinga lebhithi elingu-192KHz, njengoba kuboniswe esithombeni.
Bese udinga nje ukuqondisa kabusha isiginali usebenzisa i-Virtual Audio Cable kusuka ku-HDSDR kuya ku-RDS Spy (udinga futhi ucacise i-bitrate engu-192KHz kuzilungiselelo ze-VAC). Uma konke kwenziwe ngendlela efanele, sizobona lonke ulwazi mayelana ne-RDS, okungaphezulu kakhulu komsakazo ojwayelekile wasendlini ozoboniswa:
Ngokungeziwe ku-FM, ngendlela, ungakwazi futhi ukunquma i-DAB+, ngikhulume ngalokho . Ayisebenzi eRussia okwamanje, kodwa ingase isebenze kwamanye amazwe.
Ibanga lomoya
Ngokomlando, ukuhamba kwezindiza kusebenzisa i-amplitude modulation (AM) kanye nebanga lemvamisa lika-118-137 MHz. Izingxoxo phakathi kwabashayeli bezindiza nabathumeli bezindiza azibethelwanga nganoma iyiphi indlela, futhi noma ubani angazithola. Cishe eminyakeni engu-20 edlule, imisakazo evamile eshibhile yaseShayina "yadonswa" ngalokhu - kwanele ukuhlukanisa amakhoyili e-oscillator yendawo, futhi ububanzi bushintshile, uma ube nenhlanhla, ukuya kumafrikhwensi aphezulu. Labo abanentshisekelo "kwi-archaeology yedijithali" bangafunda ingxoxo ngo-2004. Kamuva, abakhiqizi baseShayina bahlangana nabasebenzisi phakathi nendawo futhi bamane bengeza ibhendi yomoya kwabemukeli (emazwaneni engxenyeni yokuqala batusa i-Tecsun PL-660 noma i-PL-680). Kodwa-ke, ukusetshenziswa kwamadivaysi akhethekile (isibonelo, i-AOR, abamukeli be-Icom) kungcono kakhulu - banciphisa umsindo (umsindo uyacisha lapho kungekho signali futhi kungekho msindo oqhubekayo) kanye nesivinini esiphezulu sokuvama. ukukhetha.
Isikhumulo sezindiza esikhulu ngasinye sisebenzisa amaza ambalwa impela, lapha, ngokwesibonelo, amaza e-Pulkovo Airport, athathwe kusizindalwazi se-radioscanner:
By the way, ungalalela ukusakazwa kwezingxoxo ezivela emadolobheni ahlukene aseRussia (eMoscow, eSt. Petersburg, eChelyabinsk nabanye) online at .
Iphrothokholi yedijithali iyasithakasela kuma-airwaves. (I-Aircraft Communications Addressing and Reporting System). Izimpawu zayo zidluliselwa kumafrikhwensi 131.525 kanye no-131.725 MHz (Izinga laseYurophu, amaza ezifundeni ezahlukene ). Lena imilayezo yedijithali ene-bitrate engu-2400 noma engu-1200bps; besebenzisa uhlelo olunjalo, abashayeli bezindiza bangashintshanisa imilayezo nesithumeli. Ukuze uqoke ku-MultiPSK, udinga ukushuna isignali ekwimodi ye-AM (udinga isamukeli se-SDR, njengoba umkhawulokudonsa wesiginali ungaphezu kuka-5 KHz) futhi uqondise kabusha umsindo usebenzisa Ikhadi Lomsindo Elibonakalayo.
Umphumela uboniswa kusithombe-skrini.
Ifomethi yesiginali ye-ACERS ilula kakhulu futhi ingabonwa nge-SA Free. Ukuze wenze lokhu, vele uvule isiqeshana sokurekhodwa, futhi sizobona ukuthi "ngaphakathi" ukuqoshwa kwe-AM empeleni kuqukethe ukuguqulwa kwemvamisa.
Okulandelayo, ngokusebenzisa umtshina wamafrikhwensi ekurekhodeni, singathola kalula ukusakaza kancane. Empilweni yangempela, mancane amathuba okuthi ukwenze lokhu, ngoba... izinhlelo ezenziwe ngomumo zokuqoshwa kwe-ACars zabhalwa kudala.
Iziphuphutheki zesimo sezulu ze-NOAA
Ngemva kokulalela izingxoxo zama-aviators, ungakwazi ukukhuphuka ngisho nangaphezulu - emkhathini. Lapho sinentshisekelo kumasathelayithi wesimo sezulu , ΠΈ , idlulisela izithombe zobuso boMhlaba kumafrikhwensi angu-137.620, 137.9125 kanye no-137.100 MHz. Ungakwazi ukuqopha isignali usebenzisa uhlelo .
Isithombe esitholiwe singabukeka kanje (isithombe esiphuma kuwebhusayithi yesithwebuli somsakazo):
Ngeshwa (awukwazi ukukhohlisa imithetho ye-physics, futhi uMhlaba uyindilinga, nakuba kungeyena wonke umuntu okholelwa lokho), ungathola kuphela isignali yesathelayithi lapho indiza phezu kwethu, futhi lezi zindiza azihlali zinesikhathi esikahle kanye ne-engeli. ngaphezu komkhathizwe. Ngaphambilini, ukuze uthole isikhathi, idethi kanye nesikhathi sendiza eseduze, bekufanele ufake uhlelo (uhlelo oluphila isikhathi eside olukhona kusukela ngo-2001), manje sekulula ukulwenza ku-inthanethi usebenzisa izixhumanisi , ΠΈ ngokulandelana.
Isignali yesathelayithi inomsindo omkhulu futhi izwakala cishe kunoma yiluphi uthi lwezimpondo kanye nanoma yimuphi umamukeli. Kodwa ukuthola isithombe ngekhwalithi enhle, i-antenna ekhethekile kanye nombono omuhle womkhathizwe kusadingeka. Labo abanentshisekelo bangabuka noma ufunde . Ngokwami, angizange ngibe nesineke sokuqeda umsebenzi, kodwa abanye bangase babe nenhlanhla engcono.
Imilayezo ye-FLEX/POCSAG yokuphekha
Angazi ukuthi ukuxhumana kwamakhasi kusasebenza yini kumakhasimende ezinkampani eRussia, kodwa eYurophu kusebenza ngokugcwele, kusetshenziselwa izicishamlilo, amaphoyisa kanye nezinsizakalo ezihlukahlukene.
Ungathola amasiginali we-FLEX kanye ne-POCSAG usebenzisa i-HDSDR nekhebula lomsindo elibonakalayo; uhlelo lusetshenziselwa ukuqopha . Yabhalwa kakade ngo-2004, futhi isikhombimsebenzisi sinokuhambisana, kodwa okumangazayo, sisasebenza kahle.
Kukhona ne-multimon-ng decoder esebenza ngaphansi kwe-Linux, imithombo yayo iyatholakala . Bekukhona nendatshana ehlukile mayelana nephrothokholi yokudlulisela ye-POCSAG; abanentshisekelo bangayifunda .
Ama-key fobs/amaswishi angenantambo
Imvamisa ephakeme kakhulu, ku-433 MHz, kunenqwaba yamadivayisi ahlukene - ukushintshwa okungenawaya namasokhethi, izinsimbi zomnyango, izinzwa zokucindezela isondo lemoto, njll.
Lawa avame ukushibhile amadivaysi aseShayina anemodulation elula. Akukho ukubethela, futhi kusetshenziswa ikhodi kanambambili elula (OOK - on-off keying). Ukuqoshwa kwezimpawu ezinjalo kwaxoxwa ngakho ku . Singasebenzisa isiqophi se-rtl_433 esenziwe ngomumo, ongakwazi ukusilanda .
Ngokuqalisa uhlelo, ungabona amadivaysi ahlukahlukene, futhi (uma kukhona indawo yokupaka eduze) thola, isibonelo, ukucindezela kwesondo lemoto yomakhelwane. Kunomqondo omncane osebenzayo kulokhu, kodwa ngokombono wezibalo, kuyathakazelisa kakhulu - izivumelwano zalezi zimpawu zilula ukuzinquma.
Kodwa-ke, labo abathenga lezi zinguquko ezingenazintambo kufanele bakhumbule ukuthi azivikelekile nganoma iyiphi indlela, futhi ngokweqile, umakhelwane wakho we-hacker, uma ene-HackRF noma idivayisi efanayo, angacisha ukukhanya endlini yakho yangasese. isikhathi esingafanele kakhulu noma wenze into efanayo. Ngokwami, angizihluphi, kodwa uma udaba lokuvikela luhambisana, ungasebenzisa amadivayisi abucayi futhi abizayo anokhiye abagcwele kanye nokuqinisekisa (Z-Wave, Philips Hue, njll.).
I-TETRA
(I-Terrestrial Trunked Radio) iwuhlelo lokuxhumana lomsakazo wenkampani oluchwepheshile olunamakhono amaningi (izingcingo zeqembu, ukubethela, ukuhlanganisa amanethiwekhi amaningana, njll.). Futhi amasignali ayo, uma engabethelwe, angatholwa kusetshenziswa ikhompuyutha kanye nesamukeli se-SDR.
Idekhoda ye-TETRA ye-Linux ibikhona , kodwa ukusethwa kwayo kwakukude kakhulu, futhi cishe unyaka odlule umklami waseRussia wadala okwe-SDR#. Manje lo msebenzi ungaxazululwa cishe ngokoqobo ngokuchofoza kabili; uhlelo lukuvumela ukuthi ubonise ulwazi mayelana nesistimu, ulalele imilayezo yezwi, uqoqe izibalo, njll.
I-plugin ayisebenzisi zonke izici zezinga, kodwa imisebenzi eyinhloko isebenza kakhulu noma kancane.
Ngokusho kwe-Wikipedia, i-Tetra ingasetshenziswa kuma-ambulensi, amaphoyisa, ezokuthutha izitimela, njll. Angazi mayelana nokusatshalaliswa kwayo eRussia (kubonakala sengathi inethiwekhi yeTetra isetshenziswe eNdebeni Yomhlaba ka-2018, kodwa lokhu akulona iqiniso), noma ubani angazihlola ngokwakhe - Amasignali e-Tetra abonakala kalula, futhi anobubanzi obungu-25KHz, njengoba kungabonakala kusithombe-skrini.
Yiqiniso, uma ukubethela kunikwe amandla kunethiwekhi (i-Tetra inesici esinjalo), i-plugin ngeke isebenze - esikhundleni senkulumo kuyoba "ukugubha" kuphela.
I-ADSB
Ikhuphukela phezulu ngisho nangemvamisa, imvamisa ye-1.09GHz idlulisa amasiginali kusuka kuma-transponder ezindiza, okuvumela amasayithi afana ne-FlightRadar24 ukuthi abonise izindiza ezidlulayo. Le protocol isivele kuxoxwe ngayo ngaphambili, ngakho-ke ngeke ngiyiphinde lapha (isihloko sesivele side), abafisayo bangafunda. ΠΈ izingxenye.
isiphetho
Njengoba ubona, noma umamukeli we-$30 ungathola izinto eziningi ezithakazelisayo emoyeni. Ngiqinisekile ukuthi akuyona yonke into ebhalwe lapha, futhi mhlawumbe ngiphuthelwe okuthile noma angazi. Labo abanentshisekelo bangazama ngokwabo - lena indlela enhle yokuqonda kangcono isimiso sokusebenza sohlelo oluthile.
Angizange ngikucabangele ukuxhumana nomsakazo we-amateur, nakuba i-VHF nayo inakho, kodwa i-athikili isakhuluma ngezokuxhumana zesevisi.
PS: Ikakhulukazi Kungaphawulwa ukuthi akukho okuyimfihlo ngempela okuye kwasakazwa emoyeni ovulekile cishe iminyaka engu-50, ngakho-ke kusukela kulo mbono, akufanelekile ukuchitha isikhathi nemali. Kodwa ngokombono wokutadisha izimiso zokuxhumana kanye nezinhlelo ezihlukahlukene zobunjiniyela, ukujwayelana nokusebenza kwangempela kwamanethiwekhi wangempela kuyathakazelisa futhi kuyafundisa.
Source: www.habr.com