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Obani okumele bafunde? Ngabe kufanele ngiyofunda isayensi yekhompiyutha noma ngibe unjiniyela wesoftware? Le mibuzo ibalulekile esikhathini sethu.
Uzokhethani?
Abantu abasanda kuqala uhambo lwabo emkhakheni we-IT futhi abazobhalisa enyuvesi ethile yobuchwepheshe noma bafuna izinhlelo zokuqeqesha izinhlelo, ngokuvamile bahlangane nenani elikhulu lezikhombisi-ndlela. Iphuzu liwukuthi kuzo zonke lezi zindawo izifundo ziyefana, ikakhulukazi onyakeni woku-1 nowesi-2.
Ukuze kucace, sizohlukanisa zonke izindawo zibe amakamu amabili - I-Computer Science kanye ne-Software Engineering. Umehluko obalulekile ukuthi indlela yokuqala ivumelana nezimo futhi bafunda izinto eziyisisekelo kangcono, kanti eyesibili ihloselwe amakhono awusizo kakhulu ekwakheni izinhlelo zemakethe. Noma ngabe iyiphi kulezi zindawo ozikhethayo, ekugcineni uzoba umdidiyeli. Okungenzeka ukuthi, uzoya ndawana thize uyosebenza ngemuva noma phakathi nezifundo zakho, futhi imuphi umkhakha wentuthuko ozovunyelwa kuwo nokuthi yini ongafaka isicelo kuyo iyonquma ukuthi iyiphi indlela oyikhethayo.
Womabili amakamu ahlanganisa izifundo ezifanayo kumasemesta okuqala angu-2-4, njenge-algebra yomugqa, i-calculus, i-discrete mathematics, nezibalo ezihlukene. Zonke lezi zibalo zivame ukufundwa kuwo womabili amakamu, kodwa iComputer Science yengeza esinye isifundo sezibalo ezihlukene kanye nezibalo ezihlukene. Okunye okujwayelekile kuzo zonke izindawo yisingeniso se-Computer Science ejwayelekile, futhi yilapho umehluko uqala khona. Esiqondisweni se-Computer Science, bakhuluma ngezakhiwo zamakhompiyutha, i-theory ye-computing algorithms, isakhiwo sedatha nokuhlaziywa kwabo, ukuthi izinhlelo zisebenza kanjani nokuthi zingabhalwa kanjani kusetshenziswa imiklamo yakudala, izinhlelo zokusebenza, abahlanganisi, njalonjalo. Okusho ukuthi, isisekelo esikhudlwana siyambozwa. Ngokulandelayo, Ubunjiniyela Besoftware bukhuluma ngokwakhiwa kwe-OOP, ukuhlolwa kwesoftware, izisekelo zezinhlelo zokusebenza, nokunye. Ngamanye amazwi, ukufundwa kwamasu kuyahlanganiswa ukuze umfundi afunde ukusebenzisa izixazululo esezilungile futhi, ngosizo lwazo, axazulule uhla oluhlukile lwezinkinga zebhizinisi. Konke lokhu kuvame ukufundwa ngonyaka wokuqala wokufunda.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, onyakeni we-2, womabili la makamu aqala ukufunda izifundo ezifana ne-computer architecture kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza, kodwa i-Software Engineering izifunda lezi zifundo ngokukha phezulu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi baqeqesha abantu abangeke baxhumane nalezi zifundo. Kusukela onyakeni we-2nd wokufunda, i-Computer Science iqala ukufaka ingcindezi eyengeziwe kuma-microarchitecture kanye ne-OS kernels, futhi ekuthuthukisweni kwesofthiwe babeka ukugcizelela kakhulu ekuxhumaneni komsebenzisi, ukuhlola, ukuhlaziywa kwesofthiwe, zonke izinhlobo zamasu okuphatha, njll. Ikakhulukazi, I-OOP ifundwa kuzo zombili izinkomba ijulile, njengoba le paradigm yokuhlela idume kakhulu kulezi zinsuku futhi udinga nje ukwazi ngayo.
Unyaka wesi-3 wokufunda ku-Computer Science uzinikele ocwaningweni lwe-combinatorics, i-cryptography, i-AI, izisekelo zokuthuthukiswa kwesofthiwe, ihluzo ze-3D kanye nethiyori ye-compiler. Futhi ku-Software Engineering bafunda ukuphepha kwesistimu, amanethiwekhi kanye ne-inthanethi, ukuphathwa kwesoftware nokuphatha ngokujwayelekile. Kodwa kuye ngenyuvesi, lezi zifundo nokujula kuzo kungahluka.
Mhlawumbe umbuzo oyinhloko walesi sihloko uhlala umbuzo wokuthi kungcono ukuya kuphi. Konke kuncike kulokho okuncamelayo. Uma ufuna ukuba unjiniyela ovumelana nezimo kakhulu futhi oguquguqukayo, kufanele uye ku-Computer Science. Futhi uma ufuna ukuxhuma impilo yakho nokuthuthukiswa kwesofthiwe futhi ukwazi ukudala izinhlelo eziwusizo zabasebenzisi bokugcina, khona-ke Ubunjiniyela Besofthiwe bungobakho.
Kafushane nje, ngithanda ukusho ukuthi kwiComputer Science uzofundiswa ukuxazulula izinkinga futhi uqhamuke nezindlela ezinhle zokuxazulula lezi zinkinga, kanti kwiSoftware Engineering uzoguqulwa ube ngumdidiyeli webhizinisi ozokwazi ukuphatha amaphrojekthi, abantu bese udala isoftware yakamuva.
Source: www.habr.com