Esontweni lokugcina likaNovemba, iNational Supercomputer Forum yabanjelwa ePereslavl-Zalessky. Izinsuku ezintathu abantu batshela futhi babonisa ukuthi izinto zihamba kanjani ngokuthuthukiswa kwamakhompiyutha amakhulu eRussia nokuthi ubuchwepheshe obuhlolwe kuma-supercomputer buguqulwa kanjani bube yimpahla.
Ilungu Elihambisanayo le-Russian Academy of Sciences u-Sergei Abramov wakhuluma ngephrojekthi ethi "Sensitive House" (November 27). Ukuthuthukisa umqondo we "smart home," uphakamisa ukubuka imishini yasekhaya, ukwakha nokukhumbula amaphethini okuziphatha kwayo, ukufunda emaphutheni ayo, nokubikezela isimo nezinkinga zayo kusengaphambili.
I-Institute of Software Systems ye-Russian Academy of Sciences, ngaphansi kobuholi bukaSergei Abramov, yaqala ukudala "izindlu ezibucayi" ngo-2014, lapho ukuguqulwa kwe-Academy of Sciences kudinga ukuletha amaphrojekthi ezemfundo emakethe yezohwebo. Ngalesi sikhathi, i-IPS RAS yayinentuthuko enhle kumanethiwekhi wezinzwa nokulawulwa kwemishini, futhi yayithuthukisa ubuchwepheshe bamafu nokufunda komshini.
Ngokusho kukaSergei Abramov, izakhiwo zokuhlala nezimboni zigcwele imishini lapho inhlalakahle yendlu kanye nomsebenzi othulile wabantu kuncike kuwo. Nakuba le nto “ehlakaniphile” ikhula ibe “ikhaya elihlakaniphile”, ayinakho ukulawula okuzenzakalelayo. Abanikazi abasazi isimo samadivayisi futhi abakwazi ukuwagada kalula. Okusele nje ukunakekela ingqalasizinda yonke ngesandla, njenge-Tamagotchi enkulu, ukuhlola njalo nokulungisa imishini.
Ingabe ikhaya elihlakaniphile lisebenza ngendlela efanele? Noma sekuyisikhathi sokungenela? Ingabe kuzoba nengozi maduze? Ngokwayo, alikho “ikhaya elihlakaniphile” elixazulula le nkinga; ukuphendula imibuzo enjalo, ukugadwa okuzenzakalelayo nokuhlaziya kuyadingeka. Ngakho-ke, uhlelo lwekhompyutha oludalwe eSikhungweni luqoqa izibalo ezivela kuzinzwa, lwakha amaphethini okuziphatha emishini yasendlini futhi lufunde ukubona lawa maphethini. Ngokuhlukanisa ukuziphatha okuvamile nokuziphatha okuyinkinga kanye nokuthola ukusebenza okungavamile, ubuhlakani bokwenziwa buzoxwayisa umninikhaya kusenesikhathi ngengozi engaba khona.
"Ikhaya elibucayi" "ikhaya elihlakaniphile", lapho ukuzwela, ikhono lokuzifundela, ikhono lokuqoqa iphethini yokuziphatha okulungile, ikhono lokubikezela nokusabela kuye kwenezelwa.
(USergey Abramov, Ilungu Elihambelanayo le-Russian Academy of Sciences)
Siyijwayele indlela “ikhaya elihlakaniphile” eligcina ngayo imingcele yalo: izinga lokushisa elimisiwe nokukhanya, umswakama womoya oqhubekayo, i-voltage yamapayipi amakhulu ezinzile. "Ikhaya elihlakaniphile" lingasebenza ngokuya ngeskripthi kuye ngesikhathi sosuku noma umcimbi (isibonelo, lizovala umpompi wegesi ngomyalo ovela kusihlaziyi segesi). “Ikhaya Elizwelayo” lithatha isinyathelo esilandelayo - lihlaziya idatha yezinzwa futhi yakhe izimo ezintsha zokuhlukaniswa: yonke into ihamba njengangaphambili noma kukhona okumangazayo. Isabela ezinguqukweni zemvelo yangaphandle futhi ibikezele ukwehluleka okungenzeka, iqagela okudidayo ezenzweni zasikhathi sinye zemishini ehlukene. "I-Sensitive House" iqapha imiphumela yomsebenzi wayo, ixwayisa ngezinkinga futhi iguqule isimo, inikeze umniniyo imibono futhi ivumele umnikazi ukuthi acime izinto zikagesi ezingalungile.
Sixazulula inkinga yokuziphatha kwe-atypical kwemishini.
(USergey Abramov, Ilungu Elihambelanayo le-Russian Academy of Sciences)
Isistimu ehlongozwayo incike kunethiwekhi yenzwa ehlinzeka ngezilinganiso ezisekelwe esikhathini. Isibonelo, ibhayela likadizili ngezikhathi ezithile liyavula futhi lishise amanzi, iphampu yokuhambisa amanzi ishayela amanzi ashisayo ngamapayipi okufudumeza, futhi izinzwa eziyinhloko zibika ukuthi lezi zixhobo ziwusebenzisa kanjani ugesi. Ngokusekelwe ochungechungeni lokufunda, inzwa yesibili (uhlelo) iqhathanisa nephrofayili evamile futhi ihlonza ukwehluleka. Inzwa ephakeme (uhlelo) ithola izinga lokushisa lomoya wangaphandle futhi ibikezela ukusebenza kwesikhathi esizayo kwesistimu, ihlola umthwalo wayo nokusebenza kahle - ukuthi ukushisa kwebhayili nesimo sezulu kuhlobana kanjani. Mhlawumbe amafasitela avuliwe futhi i-boiler ishisa umgwaqo, noma mhlawumbe ukusebenza kahle kwehlile futhi sekuyisikhathi sokulungiswa kokuvimbela. Ngokusekelwe ekukhukhuleni kwamapharamitha atholiwe, umuntu angabikezela ukuthi yisiphi isikhathi azodlula ngaso okujwayelekile.
Ngokuhlola ukufundwa ngesikhathi esisodwa kwezinzwa, “indlu ezwelayo” iyakwazi ukubona ukuthi iphampu yamanzi ayicimi ngoba ithela amanzi emuva emthonjeni (nge-valve engalungile) noma iqonde ngqo phansi (ngokuqhuma. ipayipi). Ukuxilongwa kuzothembeka nakakhulu uma izinzwa zokunyakaza zithulile futhi iphampu iphampu amanzi endlini engenalutho.
Amanethiwekhi ezinzwa nawo ayatholakala ezindlini ezihlakaniphile. Ingqalasizinda yamafu iyatholakala nasezindlini ezihlakaniphile. Kodwa lokho “amakhaya ahlakaniphile” angenakho ubuhlakani bokwenziwa, ukufunda ngomshini, ukunqwabelana kwamaphethini okuziphatha okulungile, ukuhlukaniswa ngezigaba nokubikezela.
(USergey Abramov, Ilungu Elihambelanayo le-Russian Academy of Sciences)
Ingxenye yefu "yendlu ebucayi" isuselwe kusizindalwazi se-NoSQL i-Riak noma isizindalwazi se-Akumuli, lapho kugcinwa khona uchungechunge lwesikhathi lokufundwayo. Ukwamukela kanye nokukhipha idatha kwenziwa ku-platform ye-Erlang/OTP, ikuvumela ukuthi usebenzise i-database ezindaweni eziningi. Uhlelo lwezinhlelo zokusebenza zeselula kanye nesixhumi esibonakalayo sewebhu kubekwa ngaphezu kwalo ukwazisa ikhasimende nge-inthanethi nangocingo, futhi eduze kwalo kunohlelo lokuhlaziya idatha nokulawula ukuziphatha. Ungaxhuma noma yikuphi ukuhlaziya kochungechunge lwesikhathi lapha, okuhlanganisa nalawo asekelwe kumanethiwekhi e-neural. Ngakho-ke, konke ukulawula phezu kwezinhlelo "zekhaya elibucayi" kufakwa kungqimba oluhlukile lokuphatha. Ukufinyelela kuyo kunikezwa nge-akhawunti yakho yomuntu siqu kusevisi yefu.
I-Erlang inikeza zonke izinzuzo zendlela yokusebenza. Inezindlela zokusebenza ezisatshalaliswa, futhi indlela elula yokwenza uhlelo olusabalalisiwe oluhambisanayo ukusebenzisa i-Erlang. Izakhiwo zethu ziqukethe isofthiwe "izinzwa zesibili"; kungaba khona ezimbalwa zazo ngenzwa ngayinye yomzimba, futhi uma sithembele emashumini ezinkulungwane zamaklayenti anenqwaba yamadivayisi, kuzodingeka sicubungule ukugeleza okukhulu kwedatha. Badinga izinqubo ezingasindi ezingathulwa ngobuningi obukhulu. I-Erlang ikuvumela ukuthi usebenzise amashumi ezinkulungwane zezinqubo kumongo owodwa; lolu hlelo lukala kahle.
(USergey Abramov, Ilungu Elihambelanayo le-Russian Academy of Sciences)
Ngokusho komthuthukisi, u-Erlang kulula ukuhlela ithimba elihlukene labahleli bohlelo, lapho abafundi nezikhanyisi benza uhlelo olulodwa. Izingcezu ngazinye zohlelo lwesoftware ziphahlazeka ngephutha, kodwa lonke uhlelo luyaqhubeka nokusebenza, okukuvumela ukuthi ulungise izindawo ezinephutha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Uhlelo “lwekhaya elizwelayo” lusebenzisa bonke ubuchwepheshe obusetshenziswa yi-IPS RAS ukulawula amakhompyutha amakhulu. Lokhu kuhlanganisa izinzwa zikagesi, izinhlelo zokuqapha kanye nezilawuli kude. Njengamanje, uhlelo olubucayi lusebenza ngezinzwa zalo futhi lungaxhumeka kumaluphu omnyango wezomlilo, kodwa kunohlelo lokuqoqa idatha kuzinzwa zanoma yiziphi “amakhaya ahlakaniphile.”
"Ikhaya Elizwelayo" liyathakazelisa ngoba izixazululo ezihlakaniphile eziyinkimbinkimbi zedolobha, indawo kanye nekhaya ziza phambili. Okuthakazelisayo lapha akukhona ukwakha i-supercomputer, kodwa ukwakha i-social-computer complex, ukwethula i-supercomputer ekuphileni kwansuku zonke, ukuze umshini uguqule izimpilo zabantu.
(U-Olga Kolesnichenko, Ph.D., umfundisi omkhulu eNyuvesi yase-Sechenov)
Ngentwasahlobo ka-2020, abathuthukisi bazolungisa isethi eyisisekelo yezinhlelo kanye nemishini yokuhlanganisa amasistimu osayizi abahlukahlukene ezakhiweni nasezindlini. Bathembisa ukuthi umphumela uzoba lula ukusetha, hhayi inkimbinkimbi kune-robot vacuum cleaner. Ikhithi eyisisekelo izosekela noma yiziphi izinto ezisetshenziswayo ezigadiwe: ama-boilers okushisa, izifudumezi zamanzi, iziqandisi, amaphampu amanzi namathangi e-septic. Khona-ke kuyoba ithuba lokuthengisa okuncane, ukukhiqizwa kwe-fabless, ukungezwa kwezinzwa ezintsha namamojula. Futhi esikhathini esizayo, zonke izinhlobo zokuhlukahluka nokuzivumelanisa zingenzeka - ipulazi elibucayi, isibhedlela esibucayi, umkhumbi obucayi, ngisho nethangi elibucayi kakhulu.
Umbhalo:
Ukuma ngobude:
Source: www.habr.com