I-Defence Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) izoxhasa ngezimali izinhlangano eziyisithupha ngaphansi kohlelo lwe-Neurotechnology Yesizukulwane Esilandelayo (N3), olwamenyezelwa okokuqala ngoNdasa wezi-2018. wonyaka. Lolu hlelo luzobandakanya iBattelle Memorial Institute, iCarnegie Mellon University, iJohns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, iPalo Alto Research Center (PARC), iRice University kanye neTeledyne Scientific, enamaqembu abo ososayensi nabacwaningi ekuthuthukiseni ubuchopho obuqondiswa kabili- i-computer interfaces. I-DARPA ilindele ukuthi lobu buchwepheshe esikhathini esizayo buzovumela abasebenzi bezempi abanamakhono ukuthi balawule ngokuqondile amasistimu okuvikela ku-inthanethi asebenzayo kanye noquqaba lwezimoto zasemoyeni ezinganamuntu, futhi zizisebenzise ukuze zisebenze ndawonye nezinhlelo zekhompiyutha emisebenzini eyinkimbinkimbi, enemisebenzi eminingi.
"I-DARPA ilungiselela ikusasa lapho inhlanganisela yezinhlelo ezingenamuntu, ubuhlakani bokwenziwa kanye nokusebenza kwe-cyber kungase kuholele ezimweni ezidinga ukuthathwa kwezinqumo ngokushesha okukhulu ukubhekana nazo ngokuphumelelayo ngaphandle kosizo lobuchwepheshe besimanje," kusho uDkt Al Emondi, uhlelo. umphathi N3. "Ngokwenza uxhumano lomshini wobuchopho olufinyelelekayo olungadingi ukuhlinzwa ukuze lusetshenziswe, i-DARPA inganikeza iButho ithuluzi elivumela abaphathi bemishini ukuthi bahlanganyele ngokunengqondo emisebenzini eguquguqukayo eyenzeka ngesivinini se-warp."
Phakathi neminyaka eyi-18 edlule, i-DARPA iye yabonisa njalo ubuchwepheshe be-neurotechnologies obuthuthukayo obuthembele kuma-electrode afakwe ngokuhlinzwa ukuze asebenzisane nohlelo lwezinzwa olumaphakathi noma oluseceleni. Isibonelo, I-Ejensi ibonise ubuchwepheshe obufana nokulawulwa kwengqondo kwezitho zokufakelwa nokubuyisela umuzwa wokuthinta kubasebenzisi bazo, ubuchwepheshe bokunciphisa izifo ze-neuropsychiatric ezingalawuleki ezifana nokudangala, kanye nendlela yokuthuthukisa nokubuyisela inkumbulo. Ngenxa yezingozi ezingokwemvelo zokuhlinzwa kobuchopho, lobu buchwepheshe kuze kube manje bunokusetshenziswa okulinganiselwe kumavolontiya anesidingo somtholampilo kuwo.
Ukuze i-Army izuze kuma-neurotechnologies, izinketho ezingezona zokuhlinzwa zokusetshenziswa kwayo ziyadingeka, njengoba kusobala ukuthi okwamanje, ukungenelela kokuhlinzwa okukhulu phakathi kwabaphathi bezempi akubukeki njengomqondo omuhle. Ubuchwepheshe bezempi nabo bungaletha izinzuzo ezinkulu kubantu abavamile. Ngokuqeda isidingo sokuhlinzwa, amaphrojekthi we-N3 andisa inqwaba yeziguli ezingase zikwazi ukuthola ukwelashwa okufana nokushukumisa ubuchopho obujulile ukwelapha izifo zemizwa.
Abahlanganyeli ohlelweni lwe-N3 basebenzisa izindlela ezihlukahlukene ocwaningweni lwabo ukuze bathole ulwazi ebuchosheni futhi baludlulisele emuva. Amanye amaphrojekthi asebenzisa i-optics, amanye ama-acoustics kanye ne-electromagnetism. Amanye amaqembu athuthukisa ukuxhumana okungahlanyisisi ngokuphelele okuhlala ngaphandle komzimba womuntu ngokuphelele, kuyilapho amanye amaqembu ahlola ubuchwepheshe obungangeni kakhulu kusetshenziswa ama-nanotransducers angalethwa okwesikhashana ngaphandle kokuhlinzwa ebuchosheni ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukucaca kwesignali nokunemba.
- Ithimba le-Battelle eliholwa uDkt. Gaurav Sharma lihlose ukuthuthukisa isistimu ehlasela kancane ehlanganisa i-transceiver yangaphandle nama-nanotransducer kagesi alethwa ngokungahlinzwa kuma-neurons athakaselayo. Ama-Nanotransducers azoguqula amasignali kagesi asuka kuma-neuron abe amasignali kazibuthe angarekhodwa futhi acutshungulwe yi-transceiver yangaphandle, futhi ngokuphambene nalokho, ukunika amandla ukuxhumana okubili.
- Abacwaningi baseCarnegie Mellon University, abaholwa uDkt. Pulkit Grover, bahlose ukuthuthukisa idivayisi engahlaliseki ngokuphelele esebenzisa indlela ye-acousto-optic ukuze bathole amasignali avela ebuchosheni nasezindaweni zikagesi ukuze bazibuyisele kuma-neurons athile. Ithimba lizosebenzisa amaza e-ultrasound ukuze kukhanye ukukhanya ngaphakathi kobuchopho ukuze lithole umsebenzi wemizwa. Ukuze badlulisele ulwazi ebuchosheni, ososayensi bahlela ukusebenzisa impendulo engaqondile yama-neurons ezindaweni zikagesi ukuze banikeze ukukhuthazwa kwendawo kwamaseli okuhlosiwe.
- Ithimba lase-Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, eliholwa uDkt. David Blodgett, lakha isimiso sokubona esingavamisi, esihlangene sokufunda ukwaziswa okuvela ebuchosheni. Uhlelo luzokala izinguquko kubude besignali ye-optical kuzicubu ze-neural ezihlobana ngokuqondile nomsebenzi we-neural.
- Ithimba le-PARC, eliholwa uDkt. Krishnan Thyagarajan, lihlose ukuthuthukisa idivayisi ye-acoustic-magnetic engahlaseli ukuze idlulisele ulwazi ebuchosheni. Indlela yabo ihlanganisa amagagasi e-ultrasound nezizibuthe ukuze kukhiqizwe imisinga kagesi yasendaweni ye-neuromodulation. Indlela ye-hybrid ivumela ukuguquguquka ezindaweni ezijulile zobuchopho.
- Ithimba le-Rice University eliholwa uDkt. Jacob Robinson lifuna ukwakha isixhumi esibonakalayo semizwa esingevamisile kancane, esingaqondise kabili. Ukuze uthole ukwaziswa okuvela ebuchosheni, i-diffuse optical tomography izosetshenziselwa ukunquma umsebenzi we-neural ngokulinganisa ukuhlakazeka kokukhanya ezicutshini ze-neural, kanye nokudlulisa amasignali ebuchosheni, ithimba lihlela ukusebenzisa indlela yofuzo kazibuthe ukuze lenze ama-neurons azwele kukazibuthe. amasimu.
- Ithimba le-Teledyne, eliholwa uDkt. Patrick Connolly, lihlose ukuthuthukisa idivayisi edidiyelwe engahlanyisi ngokuphelele esebenzisa ama-magnetometer ampontshwa ngokubona ukubona izindawo ezincane, zasendaweni ezikazibuthe ezihlobana nomsebenzi we-neural, futhi lisebenzisa i-ultrasound egxilile ukuze idlulise ulwazi.
Kuwo wonke uhlelo, abacwaningi bazoncika olwazini olunikezwe ochwepheshe abazimele bezomthetho nezimiso zokuziphatha abavumile ukubamba iqhaza ku-N3 futhi bahlole ukusetshenziswa okungase kube khona kobuchwepheshe obusha kubantu bezempi nezakhamuzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abalawuli benhlangano basebenzisana ne-DARPA ukuze basize ososayensi baqonde kangcono ukuthi kunini futhi ngaphansi kwaziphi izimo idivayisi yabo ingahlolwa kubantu.
"Uma uhlelo lwe-N3 luphumelela, sizoba nezinhlelo ze-neural interface ezigqokekayo ezingaxhumeka ebuchosheni ukusuka kumamilimitha ambalwa nje, zithathe i-neurotechnology ngaphesheya komtholampilo futhi zenze zifinyeleleke kalula ukuze zisetshenziswe ngokoqobo ngezinjongo zokuphepha zezwe," kusho u-Emondi. βNjengoba nje abasebenzi bezempi befaka amagiya okuvikela namaqhinga, ngokuzayo bazokwazi ukufaka ihedisethi ene-neural interface futhi basebenzise ubuchwepheshe ngezinjongo abazidingayo, bese bevele babeke idivayisi eceleni lapho umsebenzi usuphelile. β
Source: 3dnews.ru