I-helium yegesi ekhanyayo engenawo amadiphozithi ayo futhi ayihlali emkhathini womhlaba. Ikhiqizwa njenge-by-product yegesi yemvelo noma ikhishwe ekukhishweni kwamanye amaminerali. Kuze kube muva nje, i-helium ibikhiqizwa ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezintathu ezinkulu: eyodwa eQatar nezimbili e-USA (eWyoming naseTexas). Le mithombo emithathu inikeze cishe u-75% wokukhiqizwa kwe-helium emhlabeni. Eqinisweni, i-US ibingumnikezeli omkhulu we-helium emhlabeni amashumi eminyaka, kodwa lokho sekushintshile. Izinqolobane ze-Helium e-United States zinciphile kakhulu.
Endalini yokugcina eyayihlelwe yiziphathimandla zaseMelika ngoSepthemba wonyaka odlule, lapho amanani entengo ye-helium athengiswa khona ngo-2019, intengo yaleli gesi inyuke ngo-135% unyaka nonyaka. Kungenzeka ukuthi lena bekuyindali yokugcina lapho kudayiselwe khona izinkampani ezizimele i-helium. Ngo-2013, kwashaywa umthetho odinga i-United States ukuthi ihoxe emakethe yamazwe ngamazwe ye-helium. Indawo yezimayini ze-helium eTexas ingekahulumeni futhi isiphelile. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, i-helium isetshenziswa kabanzi ku-aerospace, ukukhiqizwa kwe-semiconductor, ucwaningo lwesayensi, imithi (yokupholisa izikena ze-MRI) nokuzijabulisa. Eqinisweni, amabhaluni e-helium asengumkhiqizo oyinhloko futhi ahlala engumkhiqizo oyinhloko esebenzisa i-helium e-United States.
Ukunciphisa ukushoda kwe-helium, ososayensi bahlongoza ukwethula ubuchwepheshe bokugaywa kabusha ngokuhlanzwa kwegesi futhi kubuyiselwe emakethe. Kodwa kuze kube manje azikho izixazululo ezamukelekayo zalokhu. Kukhona futhi iziphakamiso zokusatshalaliswa okuqinile kwe-helium, ngaphandle kwalokho imishini eminingi yesayensi ngeke isebenze. Kodwa ngeke ungene emakethe ngalokhu. Umthengisi omkhulu wezinto zephathi e-United States, i-Party City, isivele ilahlekelwe ngu-30% yenani lesitoko kulo nyaka odlule futhi ngeke ikubekezelele. Kuye, amabhaluni e-helium awumthombo oyinhloko wemali engenayo.
Ngokubambezeleka okuthile, ukushoda kwe-helium kungase kuqedwe ngenxa yezinkampani zamazwe ngamazwe ezihlela ukuqala ukukhiqiza i-helium ngaphambi kokuphela kweshumi leminyaka elizayo. Ngakho-ke, ngokubambezeleka kweminyaka embalwa, iQatar izovula isiza esisha ngo-2020 (unswinyo lomfelandawonye wama-Arabhu ngokumelene naleli zwe ebusika buka-2018 lwaba nomthelela). Ngo-2021, iRussia izothatha ingxenye yayo yemakethe ye-helium ngokwethula enye indawo enkulu yokukhiqiza i-helium. E-United States, iDesert Mountain Energy ne-American Helium zizoqala ukusebenza kule makethe. Ukukhiqizwa kwe-Helium kuzokwenziwa yizinkampani zase-Australia, Canada naseTanzania. Imakethe ye-helium ngeke isaba yi-US monopoly, kodwa okunye ukushoda cishe akukakwazi ukugwenywa.
Source: 3dnews.ru