I-Distri - ukusatshalaliswa kokuhlola ubuchwepheshe bokuphatha amaphakheji asheshayo

UMichael Stapelberg, umbhali we-i3wm yomphathi wefasitela elinamathayela kanye nomthuthukisi osebenzayo we-Debian (wagcinwa cishe amaphakheji ayi-170), kuyaqala ukusatshalaliswa kokuhlola distri kanye nomphathi wephakheji wegama elifanayo. Le phrojekthi ibekwe njengokuhlola izindlela ezingaba khona zokwandisa ukusebenza kwezinhlelo zokuphatha amaphakheji futhi ihlanganisa imibono emisha yokusabalalisa izakhiwo. Ikhodi yomphathi wephakheji ibhalwe kokuthi Go kanye isatshalaliswa ngu ngaphansi kwelayisensi ye-BSD.

Isici esiyinhloko sefomethi yephakheji yokusabalalisa ukuthi iphakheji ilethwa ngesimo sezithombe ze-SquashFS, esikhundleni sezingobo zomlando zetiyela ezicindezelwe. Ukusebenzisa i-SquashFS, efana nefomethi ye-AppImage ne-Snap, ikuvumela ukuthi "ukhweze" iphakheji ngaphandle kokuyikhipha, egcina isikhala sediski, ivumela izinguquko ze-athomu, futhi yenza okuqukethwe kwephakheji kufinyeleleke ngokushesha. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, amaphakheji e-distri, njengakufomethi ye-"deb" yakudala, aqukethe kuphela izingxenye zomuntu ngamunye ezixhunywe ukuncika kwamanye amaphakheji (imitapo yolwazi ayiphindaphindeki kumaphakheji, kodwa ifakwe njengokuncika). Ngamanye amazwi, i-distri izama ukuhlanganisa ukwakheka kwephakheji eyimbudumbudu yokusatshalaliswa kwakudala okufana ne-Debian nezindlela zokuletha izinhlelo zokusebenza ngesimo seziqukathi ezigibezekayo.

Iphakheji ngayinye ku-distri ifakwe kuhla lwemibhalo yayo kwimodi yokufunda kuphela (isibonelo, iphakheji ene-zsh itholakala njenge-"/ro/zsh-amd64-5.6.2-3"), enomthelela omuhle ekuvikelekeni nasekufeni. ivikela izinguquko zengozi noma ezinonya. Ukwakha uhlu lwezinkomba zesevisi, njengokuthi / usr/bin, /usr/share kanye/usr/lib, kusetshenziswa imojula ekhethekile yeFUSE, ehlanganisa okuqukethwe kwazo zonke izithombe ze-SquashFS ezifakiwe zibe yinto eyodwa (isibonelo, i/ ro/share directory inikeza ukufinyelela kokwabelana ngeziqondiso ezingaphansi kuwo wonke amaphakheji).

Amaphakheji e-distri ngokuyisisekelo ilethiwe kusuka kubambi ababizwa ngesikhathi sokufakwa (awekho amahhuku noma izibangeli), futhi izinguqulo ezihlukene zephakheji zingahlala ndawonye, ​​ngakho ukufakwa okuhambisanayo kwamaphakheji kuyenzeka. Isakhiwo esihlongozwayo sikhawulela ukusebenza komphathi wephakheji kuphela kunethiwekhi lapho amaphakheji alandwa khona. Ukufakwa kwangempela noma ukubuyekezwa kwephakheji kwenziwa nge-athomu futhi akudingi ukuphindwaphindwa kokuqukethwe.

Ukungqubuzana lapho kufakwa amaphakheji kuyaqedwa njengoba iphakheji ngayinye ihlotshaniswa nenkomba yayo futhi isistimu ivumela ukuba khona kwezinguqulo ezihlukene zephakheji elilodwa (okuqukethwe kohla lwemibhalo olunokubuyekezwa kwakamuva kwephakheji kufakiwe kunkhombandlela yenyunyana). Amaphakheji wokwakha nawo ashesha kakhulu futhi akudingi ukufaka amaphakheji endaweni ehlukene yokwakha (izithombe zokuncika okudingekayo kusuka kuhla lwemibhalo /ro zidalwe endaweni yokwakha).

Kusekelwe imiyalo yokuphatha iphakheji evamile, njengokuthi “ukufaka kwe-distri” kanye “nokuvuselela kwe-distri”, futhi esikhundleni semiyalo yolwazi, ungasebenzisa insiza evamile ethi “ls” (ngokwesibonelo, ukuze ubuke amaphakheji afakiwe, vele ubonise uhlu lwemibhalo kokuthi “ /ro”, futhi ukuze uthole ukuthi iyiphi iphakheji ifayela elifakwe kuyo, bona ukuthi isixhumanisi esivela kuleli fayela siholela kuphi).

Ikhithi yokusabalalisa yesibonelo ehlongozwayo ukuze kuhlolwe ihlanganisa mayelana 1700 amaphakheji futhi ngomumo ukufakwa izithombe ngesifaki, esifanele kokubili ukufakwa njenge-OS eyinhloko nokusebenza ku-QEMU, Docker, Google Cloud kanye ne-VirtualBox. Isekela ukubhutha kusuka ku-encrypted disk partition kanye nesethi yezinhlelo zokusebenza ezijwayelekile zokudala ideskithophu ngokusekelwe kumphathi wewindi le-i3 (i-Google Chrome inikezwa njengesiphequluli). Kuhlinzekiwe ikhithi yamathuluzi ephelele yokuhlanganisa ukusatshalaliswa, ukulungiselela nokukhiqiza amaphakheji, ukusabalalisa amaphakheji ngezibuko, njll.

Source: opennet.ru