Umphathi wenkampani yokuthuthukisa inkokhelo unezindlela ezimbili zokwakha iqembu. Okokuqala ukuqasha "abadala" asebekulungele futhi ngokuqhubekayo udale izimo zokusebenza ezinjalo ukuze basebenzise amakhono abo nolwazi lwabo kakhulu, bathuthukise futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo bangangeni ekulweni. Okwesibili ukwakha ithimba elivela kwinhlanganisela yabasanda kungena, abaphakathi nabahle, ukuze baxhumane, bathonyane, bafunde futhi bakhule ngaphakathi kwenkampani. Ngimelene nombuthano ononya othi “akunasipiliyoni - akunamsebenzi - akunasipiliyoni” futhi angiyiboni inkinga ekuqasheni unjiniyela osaqalayo. I-Forward Telecom inesikhathi eside inohlelo lwe-internship, oseluphenduke isisekelo somsebenzi kubasebenzi abaningi bamanje.
Manje ngizokutshela ukuthi ngibona kanjani indlela yokuthuthuka yomthuthukisi okhokhayo, nokuthi udinga kuphi ukulandelana ukuze ukwazi amakhono ochwepheshe.
1. Funda ulimi lokuhlela
Okokuqala, noma ubani. Okuhamba phambili yi-Java, i-Python ne-JavaScript, kodwa i-Ruby, i-Go, i-C, i-C ++ ifaneleka ukuthola ulwazi oluyisisekelo. Indlela yokufundisa? Thatha izifundo ezikhokhelwayo nezamahhala; ngingancoma ukuqeqeshwa okuvela e-Golang. Uma izinga lakho lesiNgisi likuvumela, ukubuka amavidiyo angaphandle kuyikhono elihle elengeziwe.
2. Qonda imiqondo ye-OS
Amasistimu okusebenza asekelwe ezingxenyeni eziyisikhombisa okudingeka uzazi futhi ukwazi ukuchaza isimiso sokusebenza:
- Ukuphathwa kwenqubo;
- Imicu nekhodi enemicu eminingi;
- Isokhethi (i-software interface);
- I/O ukuthumela;
- I-Virtualization;
- Isitoreji;
- Amasistimu wefayela.
Ngincoma ukuthatha izifundo eziyisisekelo zokuphatha i-Linux. Amasistimu wokusebenza wesibili kulayini yiWindows ne-Unix.
3. Zijwayeze itheminali
Ngokufanisa ne-phobia yeshidi elingenalutho, kukhona i-phobia yesikrini esimnyama esingenalutho esinesikhombisi esicwayizayo. Kuzodingeka uyinqobe ukuze ufunde ukuthi ungayibhala kanjani imiyalo emihle emugqeni womyalo.
Kumele wazi:
- Amagobolondo e-Bash ne-KornShell;
- Imiyalo thola, grep, awk, sed, lsof;
- Inethiwekhi iyala i-nslookup ne-netstat.
4. Inethiwekhi nokuvikeleka
Ukukhokhisa kuhlobene eduze nenethiwekhi nezidingo zokuvikela idatha. Awukwazi ukubhala izinsiza eziku-inthanethi ngaphandle kokuqonda ukuthi inethiwekhi isebenza kanjani, ngakho-ke udinga ukufunda imiqondo eyisisekelo nezivumelwano: i-DNS, imodeli ye-OSI, i-HTTP, i-HTTPS, i-FTP, i-SSL, i-TLS. Bese, lapho uhlangabezana nephutha Lenqatshiwe Yokuxhuma, uzokwazi ukuthi wenzeni.
5. Amaseva
Ngemva kokufunda izimiso zokudlulisa ulwazi kunethiwekhi, ungaqala izisekelo zokusebenza kweseva. Qala ngamaseva ewebhu: IIS, Apache, Nginx, Caddy kanye neTomcat.
Okulandelayo ohlwini:
- Ummeleli wokuhlehlisa;
- Ummeleli ongaziwa;
- Ukulondoloza isikhashana;
- Ukulinganisa komthwalo;
- I-Firewall.
6. Funda ingqalasizinda njengekhodi
Ngikholwa wukuthi lesi sigaba singesinye esibaluleke kakhulu. Kuzodingeka uqonde izihloko ezintathu ezibanzi:
- Iziqukathi: I-Docker ne-Kubernetes
- Amathuluzi okuphatha ukucushwa: Ansible, Chef, Salt and Puppet
- Isipele: I-Terraform, amafu.
7. Funda i-CI/CD
Elinye ikhono eliwusizo likanjiniyela okhokhayo ukukwazi ukumisa ipayipi lokuhlanganiswa okuqhubekayo nokulethwa. Endaweni ye-CI/CD kukhona amathuluzi afana noJenkins, TeamCity, Drone, Circle CI namanye. I-Spoiler: ukufunda i-Jenkins esetshenziswa kabanzi kuyokwanela ekuqaleni.
8. Ukulawulwa kwesoftware nengqalasizinda
Umgomo oyinhloko ukuqonda izisekelo zokuqapha isicelo. Amathuluzi kule ndawo ahlukaniswe ngamaqembu amathathu:
- Ukuqapha ingqalasizinda: Nagios, Icinga, Datadog, Zabbix, Monit.
- Ukuqapha ukusebenza kohlelo lokusebenza: I-AppDynanic, I-Relic Entsha.
- I-LMS: ELK Stack, Graylog, Splunk, Papertrail.
9. Izinkonzo zamafu
Esikhathini esizayo esiseduze, lonke uhlelo lokusebenza noma isofthiwe izoba nozakwabo wamafu. Ngokushesha noma kamuva, onjiniyela bahlangabezana nefu, ngakho-ke funda kubahlinzeki bamafu abadumile (i-AWS, i-Google Cloud, ne-Azure) kanye nezisekelo zobuchwepheshe.
10. Ukusebenza nesizindalwazi
Wonke amaphrojekthi amanje asebenzisa imininingwane yolwazi, kanye nolwazi nge-DBMS ne-SQL luzokwenza kube lula ukuqalisa. Funda ukubhala imibuzo ye-SQL, sebenzisa ukuchaza futhi ufunde ukuthi inkomba isebenza kanjani. Indlela elula ukuthatha isifundo. Ungakwazi futhi ukuzijwayeza amakhono akho okubhala amaphepha e-Postgres futhi udlale ngokuphindaphinda.
11. Thuthukisa amakhono akho athambile
Iphuzu eliphume ngokungajwayelekile, kodwa elibaluleke kangako. Okokuqala, yiba nesineke. Usheshe ujwayelane nezimo ezinjengokuthi “lungisa insimbi yakho, ungumhleli wezinhlelo,” kodwa udinga ukuzilungiselela ngokwengqondo izinsuku zokugcina zokuqalisa amaphrojekthi amasha. Uma usuka kuqanda uye onyakeni ezinhlelweni futhi uthathwa njengoMncane, lungiselela ukugxekwa futhi ufunde ukukwamukela, ukubuyekezwa kwekhodi okwenziwa umeluleki ngokuvamile kuyinqubo ebuhlungu. Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, ikhono eliyisibopho liyikhono lokuvikela umbono womuntu nokuphikisana ngokwakhayo; ngezinye izikhathi iqiniso lizalwa ngokuphikisana. Onjiniyela abalokothi bayeke ukufunda, cishe akukho sikhala kulo msebenzi, ngakho-ke ikhono lokufunda kanye neSIFISO sokufunda izinto ezintsha kuyisisekelo sokuthuthuka kwakho.
Ngivame ukubuzwa lapho umuntu oqalayo efika ezingeni eliphakathi, futhi lapho ekwazi ngokuziqhenya ngokuthi "umdala". Ngikholwa ukuthi isikhathi sokusuka kwelinye izinga siye kwelinye asinqunywa inani leminyaka esetshenziwe, nakuba amakhono angokoqobo ewumbandela obalulekile. Amakhono athambile impela avame ukunquma isivinini sokukhula konjiniyela: umuntu oqalayo oqeqeshiwe futhi osebenza kanzima angabhala ikhodi yekhwalithi ephezulu ngezilimi ezimbalwa futhi akwazi ukusebenza eqenjini ezinyangeni ezimbalwa nje. Unjiniyela onokuhlangenwe nakho kweminyaka engu-10 angase angakwazi ukuxazulula izinkinga ezingajwayelekile, aphathe iqembu, futhi abe namakhono ohlangothi olulodwa.
Lena yindlela engibona ngayo indlela yokuthuthukisa yonjiniyela okhokhayo, lena yindlela esikhulisa ngayo ochwepheshe abaqeqeshiwe eqenjini lethu le-Forward Telecom. Akubonakali kushoda lutho, kodwa ngihlala ngibonga izengezo eziwusizo ephuzwini.
Source: www.habr.com