Imenenja yephakheji ye-GNU Guix 1.4 nokusabalalisa okusekelwe kuyo kuyatholakala

Imenenja yephakheji ye-GNU Guix 1.4 kanye nokusatshalaliswa kwe-GNU/Linux okwakhiwe phezu kwesisekelo sayo kwakhululwa. Ukuze zilandwe, izithombe zenziwe ukuze zifakwe ku-USB Flash (814 MB) futhi zisetshenziswe ezinhlelweni ze-virtualization (1.1 GB). Isekela ukusebenza ku-i686, x86_64, Power9, armv7 kanye nezakhiwo ze-aarch64.

Ukusatshalaliswa kuvumela ukufakwa kokubili njenge-OS ezimele yodwa ezinhlelweni ze-virtualization, ezitsheni nasezinsizeni ezivamile, futhi ingathulwa ekusabalaliseni okuvele kufakiwe kwe-GNU/Linux, okusebenza njengenkundla yokuthumela izinhlelo zokusebenza. Umsebenzisi uhlinzekwa ngemisebenzi efana nokucabangela ukuncika, ukwakha okuphindaphindiwe, ukusebenza ngaphandle kwezimpande, ukubuyela emuva ezinguqulweni zangaphambilini uma kunezinkinga, ukuphathwa kokumisa, izindawo zokuhlanganisa (ukudala ikhophi eliqondile lemvelo yesofthiwe kwamanye amakhompyutha), njll. .

Okuqanjiwe okuyinhloko:

• Ukuphathwa okuthuthukisiwe kwezindawo zesoftware. Umyalo we-"guix environment" ushintshwe umyalo omusha "wegobolondo le-guix", okuvumela ukuthi ungagcini nje ukudala izindawo zokwakha zabathuthukisi, kodwa futhi usebenzise izindawo ukuze uzijwayeze nezinhlelo ngaphandle kokuboniswa kuphrofayela nangaphandle kokwenza " guix install”. Isibonelo, ukuze ulande futhi uqalise igeyimu ye-supertuxkart, ungasebenzisa i-"guix shell supertuxkart - supertuxkart". Ngemva kokulanda, iphakheji izogcinwa kunqolobane futhi ukuqaliswa okulandelayo ngeke kudinge ukuphinda kukhishwe.

  Ukwenza kube lula ukudalwa kwezindawo zonjiniyela, i-“guix shell” ihlinzeka ngokusekela kwamafayela e-guix.scm kanye ne-manifest.scm achaza ukwakheka kwendawo (inketho ethi “--export-manifest” ingasetshenziswa ukwenza amafayela). Ukuze udale iziqukathi lapho uhla lwemibhalo yesistimu yakudala ilingiswe khona, "igobolondo le-guix" linikeza izinketho ze-“—container —emulate-fhs”.

• Kwengezwe umyalo othi "guix home" ukuze ulawule indawo yasekhaya. I-Guix ikuvumela ukuthi uchaze zonke izingxenye zendawo yakho yasekhaya, okuhlanganisa amaphakheji, amasevisi, namafayela aqala ngechashazi. Ngokusebenzisa umyalo "we-guix home", izibonelo zendawo echazwe ekhaya zingaphinda zidalwe kuhla lwemibhalo lwe-$HOME noma esitsheni, isibonelo, ukuze kudluliselwe indawo okuyo kukhompuyutha entsha.
• Kwengezwe inketho ethi "-f deb" kumyalo we-"guix pack" ukuze udale amaphakheji edeb ahlukene angafakwa ku-Debian.
• Ukuze udale izinhlobo ezahlukene zezithombe zesistimu (iluhlaza, i-QCOW2, i-ISO8660 CD/DVD, i-Docker ne-WSL2), kuhlongozwa umyalo wendawo yonke "wesithombe sohlelo lwe-guix", okuvumela ukuthi unqume uhlobo lwesitoreji, ukwahlukanisa kanye nesistimu yokusebenza yesithombe esidaliwe. .
• Inketho ethi "-tune" yengeziwe emiyalweni yamaphakheji wokwakha, okuvumela ukuthi ucacise i-microarchitecture yeprosesa okuzovulwa ngayo ukulungiselelwa okuthile (ngokwesibonelo, imiyalelo ye-AVX-512 SIMD ingasetshenziswa kuma-AMD amasha nama-Intel CPUs) .
• Isifaki sisebenzisa indlela yokulondoloza ngokuzenzakalelayo ulwazi olubalulekile lokususa iphutha uma kwenzeka kwehluleka ukufaka.
• Isikhathi sokuqalisa sohlelo lokusebenza sincishisiwe ngokusebenzisa inqolobane ngesikhathi sokuxhumanisa okuguquguqukayo, okunciphisa izingcingo eziya kwizibalo kanye nezingcingo zesistimu ezivulekile lapho kuseshwa amalabhulali.
• Ukukhishwa okusha kwesistimu yokuqalisa ye-GNU Shepherd 0.9 kusetshenzisiwe, esebenzisa umqondo wamasevisi esikhashana (okwesikhashana) kanye nekhono lokudala amasevisi acushwe umsebenzi wenethiwekhi (ngesitayela sokwenza kusebenze isokhethi ye-systemd).
• Kwengezwe isixhumi esibonakalayo esisha sokusetha usayizi wengxenye yokushintshana ekucushweni kwesistimu yokusebenza.
• Isixhumi esibonakalayo sokusetha ukucushwa kwenethiwekhi emile siklanywe kabusha, manje esinikeza i-analogue ememezelayo yezilungiselelo ngesitayela somyalo we-ip.
• Kwengezwe amasevisi esistimu amasha angu-15, okuhlanganisa i-Jami, i-Samba, i-fail2ban ne-Gitile.
• Kwethulwe i-packages.guix.gnu.org yokuzulazula kwephakheji.
• Izinguqulo zezinhlelo kumaphakheji angu-6573 zabuyekezwa, amaphakheji amasha angu-5311 angeziwe. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, izinguqulo ezibuyekeziwe ze-GNOME 42, Qt 6, GCC 12.2.0, Glibc 2.33, Xfce 4.16, Linux-libre 6.0.10, LibreOffice 7.4.3.2, Emacs 28.2. Kukhishwe amaphakheji angaphezu kuka-500 kusetshenziswa iPython 2.

Masikhumbule ukuthi imenenja yephakheji ye-GNU Guix isekelwe ekuthuthukisweni kwephrojekthi ye-Nix futhi, ngaphezu kwemisebenzi evamile yokuphatha iphakheji, isekela izici ezifana nokwenza izibuyekezo zokuthengiselana, ikhono lokuhlehlisa izibuyekezo, ukusebenza ngaphandle kokuthola amalungelo omsebenzisi, ukusekela. amaphrofayili aboshelwe kubasebenzisi ngabanye, ikhono lokufaka ngesikhathi esisodwa izinguqulo eziningana zezinhlelo ezithile, amathuluzi okuqoqa udoti (ukukhomba nokukhipha izinguqulo zamaphakheji ezingasetshenzisiwe). Ukuze uchaze izimo zokwakhiwa kohlelo lokusebenza kanye nemithetho yokwakhiwa kwephakheji, kuhlongozwa ukuthi kusetshenziswe ulimi olukhethekile olukhethekile lwesizinda esithile kanye nezingxenye ze-API ye-Guile Scheme, ezikuvumela ukuthi wenze yonke imisebenzi yokuphatha iphakheji Kuhlelo olusebenzayo lolimi lokuhlela.

Amandla okusebenzisa amaphakheji alungiselelwe umphathi wephakheji ye-Nix futhi abekwe endaweni yokugcina ye-Nixpkgs ayasekelwa. Ngokungeziwe ekusebenzeni ngamaphakeji, kuyenzeka ukuthi udale imibhalo yokuphatha ukucushwa kohlelo lokusebenza. Uma iphakheji lakhiwe, konke okuncikile okuhlobene nalo kulandwa ngokuzenzakalelayo futhi kwakhiwe. Kungenzeka ukulanda amaphakheji kanambambili asevele enziwe endaweni yokugcina noma ukwakha kusuka emibhalweni yomthombo nakho konke okuncikile. Amathuluzi asetshenzisiwe ukuze kugcinwe izinguqulo zezinhlelo ezifakiwe zisesikhathini samanje ngokuhlela ukufakwa kwezibuyekezo ezivela endaweni yokugcina yangaphandle.

Indawo yokwakha yamaphakheji yakhiwa ngendlela yesitsha esiqukethe zonke izakhi ezidingekayo ukuze isicelo sisebenze, esikuvumela ukuthi udale iqoqo lamaphakheji angasebenza ngaphandle kokubheka ukwakheka kwemvelo yesistimu yokusabalalisa, lapho i-Guix isetshenziswa njengesengezo. Ukuncika kunganqunywa phakathi kwamaphakheji e-Guix ngokuskena ama-hash esihlonzi ohlwini lwemibhalo lwamaphakheji afakiwe ukuze kutholwe ubukhona bokuncika osekufakiwe. Amaphakheji afakwe kuhla lwemibhalo oluhlukile noma ohlwini olungaphansi lwemibhalo yomsebenzisi, oluvumela ukuthi luhlalisane ngokufana nabanye abaphathi bephakheji futhi lunikeze ukusekelwa kwebanga elibanzi lokusabalalisa okukhona. Isibonelo, iphakheji ifakwe njenge /nix/store/452a5978f3b1b426064a2b64a0c6f41-firefox-108.0.1/, lapho okuthi "452a59..." kuyinkomba yephakheji ehlukile esetshenziselwa ukuqapha ukuncika.

Ukusatshalaliswa kuhlanganisa izingxenye zamahhala kuphela futhi kuza ne-GNU Linux-Libre kernel, ehlanzwe kunezici ezingezona zamahhala ze-firmware kanambambili. I-GCC 12.2 isetshenziselwa ukuhlanganisa. Umphathi wesevisi ye-GNU Shepherd (ngaphambilini i-dmd) isetshenziswa njengohlelo lokuqalisa, oluthuthukiswe njengenye indlela ye-SysV-init enokwesekwa kokuncika. I-Daemon yokulawula i-Shepherd kanye nezinsiza zibhalwe nge-Guile (enye yezinhlelo zokusetshenziswa kolimi Lwezinhlelo), ephinde isetshenziselwe ukuchaza amapharamitha wokuqalisa amasevisi. Isithombe esiyisisekelo sisekela umsebenzi kumodi yekhonsoli, kodwa amaphakheji enziwe ngomumo angu-20526 alungiselelwa ukufakwa, okuhlanganisa izingxenye zesitaki sezithombe ezisekelwe ku-X.Org, abaphathi bewindi le-dwm kanye ne-ratpoison, ideskithophu ye-GNOME kanye ne-Xfce, kanye nokukhethwa kwezithombe. izicelo.

Source: opennet.ru