Umnyakazo wokufaka i-firmware yobunikazi ekusabalaliseni kwe-Debian

USteve McIntyre, osebenze njengomholi wephrojekthi ye-Debian iminyaka eminingana, uthathe isinyathelo sokucabanga kabusha indlela ka-Debian yokuthumela i-firmware yokuphathelene, okwamanje ayifakiwe ezithombeni ezisemthethweni zokufakwa futhi ihlinzekwa endaweni yokugcina ehlukile engakhululekile. NgokukaSteve, ukuzama ukufeza inhloso yokuletha isoftware yomthombo ovulekile kuphela kubangela ubunzima obungadingekile kubasebenzisi, okuthi ezimweni eziningi bafake i-firmware yobunikazi uma befuna ukuthola ukusebenza okugcwele kwemishini yabo.

I-firmware ye-Proprietary ibekwe endaweni yokugcina engakhululekile, kanye namanye amaphakheji angasatshalaliswanga ngaphansi kwamalayisensi amahhala navulekile. Inqolobane engeyona yamahhala ayiyona ingxenye yephrojekthi ye-Debian ngokusemthethweni futhi amaphakheji asuka kuyo awakwazi ukufakwa ekufakweni nasekwakheni okubukhoma. Ngenxa yalokhu, izithombe zokufaka ezine-firmware yokuphathelene ziqoqwa ngokwehlukana futhi zihlukaniswe njengezingekho emthethweni, nakuba ngokusemthethweni zithuthukiswa futhi zigcinwe iphrojekthi ye-Debian.

Ngakho-ke, isimo esithile se-quo sifinyelelwe emphakathini, esihlanganisa isifiso sokuhlinzeka ngesofthiwe yomthombo ovulekile kuphela ekusabalaliseni kanye nesidingo sabasebenzisi be-firmware. Kukhona nesethi encane ye-firmware yamahhala, efakwe emihlanganweni esemthethweni kanye nenqolobane eyinhloko, kodwa kune-firmware enjalo embalwa kakhulu futhi ayanele ezimweni eziningi.

Indlela esetshenziswa ku-Debian idala izinkinga eziningi, okuhlanganisa ukuphazamiseka kubasebenzisi nokumosha izinsiza ekwakheni, ekuhloleni nasekubambeni izakhiwo ezingekho emthethweni nge-firmware evaliwe. Le phrojekthi yethula izithombe ezisemthethweni njengokwakhiwa okunconyiwe okuyinhloko, kodwa lokhu kudida abasebenzisi kuphela, ngoba ngesikhathi sokufaka bahlangabezana nezinkinga ngokusekelwa kwehadiwe. Ukusetshenziswa kwemihlangano engekho emthethweni kuholela ngokuzenzakalelayo ekwandiseni isoftware yobunikazi, ngoba umsebenzisi, kanye ne-firmware, iphinde ithole indawo yokugcina exhunyiwe engekho mahhala nenye isoftware engeyona yamahhala, kanti uma i-firmware ibinikezwa ngokwehlukana, bekungenzeka. ukwenza ngaphandle kokufaka inqolobane engekho mahhala.

Muva nje, abakhiqizi baye baphendukela ekusebenziseni i-firmware yangaphandle elayishwe uhlelo lokusebenza, esikhundleni sokuletha i-firmware kwimemori yaphakade kumadivayisi ngokwawo. I-firmware enjalo yangaphandle iyadingeka ezithombeni eziningi zesimanje, umsindo kanye nama-adaptha enethiwekhi. Ngasikhathi sinye, umbuzo awucaci ukuthi i-firmware ingafakwa kungakanani izidingo zokulethwa kwesoftware yamahhala kuphela, ngoba empeleni i-firmware isetshenziswa kumadivayisi wehadiwe, hhayi ohlelweni, futhi ihlobene nemishini. Ngempumelelo efanayo, amakhompiyutha esimanje, afakwe ngisho nokusabalalisa kwamahhala ngokuphelele, asebenzisa i-firmware eyakhelwe kumishini. Umehluko kuphela ukuthi enye i-firmware ilayishwe uhlelo lokusebenza, kanti ezinye sezivele zikhanya ku-ROM noma kwimemori ye-Flash.

USteve ukhulume ngezinketho ezinhlanu eziyinhloko zokuklama ukulethwa kwe-firmware nge-Debian, okuhlelelwe ukuthi ifakwe ivoti elijwayelekile lonjiniyela:

Shiya yonke into njengoba injalo, hlinzeka nge-firmware evaliwe kuphela emibuthanweni ehlukile engekho emthethweni.

Yeka ukuhlinzeka ngezakhiwo ezingekho emthethweni nge-firmware engekho mahhala futhi ulethe ukusatshalaliswa kuhambisane nemibono yephrojekthi ukuze unikeze isofthiwe yamahhala kuphela.

Guqula imihlangano engekho emthethweni ene-firmware ibe esemthethweni futhi uyinikeze ngokuhambisana nasendaweni eyodwa ngemihlangano ehlanganisa isofthiwe yamahhala kuphela, ezokwenza lula ukusesha komsebenzisi kwe-firmware edingekayo.

Bandakanya i-firmware yobunikazi kumihlangano emikhulu esemthethweni futhi wenqabe ukuhlinzeka ngemihlangano ethile engekho emthethweni. Okubi kule ndlela ukufakwa kwenqolobane engakhululekile ngokuzenzakalelayo.

Hlukanisa i-firmware yobunikazi endaweni yesikhombi engakhululekile uye engxenyeni ehlukile ye-non-free-firmware bese uyiletha kwenye inqolobane engadingi ukuthi kusebenze inqolobane engekho mahhala. Engeza okuhlukile emithethweni yephrojekthi evumela ukufakwa kwengxenye ye-firmware engeyona yamahhala ekuhlanganiseni okujwayelekile kokufakwa. Ngakho-ke, kuzokwazi ukwenqaba ukudala imihlangano ehlukene engekho emthethweni, kufaka phakathi i-firmware kumihlangano evamile futhi ungasebenzisi indawo yokugcina engakhululekile yabasebenzisi.

USteve ngokwakhe ukhuthaza ukwamukelwa kwephuzu lesihlanu, elizovumela iphrojekthi ukuthi ingaphambuki kakhulu ekukhuthazeni isofthiwe yamahhala, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo yenza umkhiqizo ube lula futhi uwusizo kubasebenzisi. Isifaki sinikeza umehluko ocacile phakathi kwe-firmware yamahhala nengeyona yamahhala, evumela umsebenzisi ukuthi enze ukukhetha enolwazi futhi azise umsebenzisi ukuthi i-firmware yamahhala etholakalayo iyayisekela yini i-hardware yamanje nokuthi akhona yini amaphrojekthi okudala i-firmware yamahhala yamadivayisi akhona. Esigabeni sokuqalisa, kuphinde kuhlelwe ukwengeza ukulungiselelwa ukukhubaza iphakheji nge-firmware engakhululekile.

Source: opennet.ru