Esihlokweni esandulele sikhulume ngaso . Namuhla sinqume ukugxila kufomethi ye-FictionBook2, eyaziwa kangcono ngokuthi i-FB2, kanye “nomlandeli” wayo u-FB3.
/flickr/ /
Ukubukeka kwefomethi
Maphakathi nawo-90s, abathanda yenza izincwadi zaseSoviet zibe yidijithali. Bahumusha futhi balondoloza izincwadi ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene. Omunye wemitapo yolwazi yokuqala eRunet - - kusetshenziswe ifayela lombhalo elifomethiwe (TXT).
Isinqumo senziwe ngokuvuna kwayo ngenxa yokumelana kwayo nenkohlakalo ye-byte nokuguquguquka - i-TXT ivula kunoma yiluphi uhlelo lokusebenza. Nokho, yena ukucutshungulwa kolwazi lombhalo ogciniwe. Isibonelo, ukuze kudlulelwe emugqeni wenkulungwane, imigqa engu-999 eyandulelayo kwakudingeka icutshungulwe. Izincwadi nazo kumadokhumenti e-Word ne-PDF - lokhu kwakamuva kwakunzima ukuguqulela kwamanye amafomethi, futhi amakhompyutha abuthakathaka avuliwe futhi Amadokhumenti e-PDF anokubambezeleka.
I-HTML iphinde yasetshenziswa “ukugcina” izincwadi zikagesi. Kwenze ukukhonjwa, ukuguqulelwa kwamanye amafomethi, nokudalwa kwemibhalo (umbhalo wokumaka) kwaba lula, kodwa yethula okwayo ukushiyeka. Okunye okubaluleke kakhulu kwaba “»okujwayelekile: kuvumele inkululeko ethile lapho ubhala omaka. Ezinye zazo kwakudingeka zivaliwe, ezinye (ngokwesibonelo, ) - besingekho isidingo sokuyivala. Omaki ngokwabo bangaba ne-oda lokuzalela ngokungafanele.
Futhi nakuba umsebenzi onjalo ngamafayela awuzange ukhuthazwe - imibhalo enjalo yayibhekwa njengengalungile - izinga lalidinga abafundi ukuba bazame ukubonisa okuqukethwe. Yilapho kwavela khona ubunzima, ngoba esicelweni ngasinye inqubo “yokuqagela” yasetshenziswa ngendlela yayo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, amadivaysi okufunda nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezitholakala emakethe ngaleso sikhathi ifomethi eyodwa noma ezimbili ezikhethekile. Uma incwadi yayitholakala ngefomethi eyodwa, kwakudingeka ifomethwe kabusha ukuze ifundwe. Yayihloselwe ukuxazulula zonke lezi ziphutha , noma i-FB2, ethathe “ukuhlanganisa” kokuqala kombhalo nokuguqulwa.
Qaphela ukuthi ifomethi yayinenguqulo yayo yokuqala - - nokho, bekuwukuhlola kuphela ngokwemvelo, akuzange kuhlale isikhathi eside, okwamanje ayisekelwe futhi ayihambisani emuva. Ngakho-ke, i-FictionBook ngokuvamile isho "umlandeli" wayo - ifomethi ye-FB2.
I-FB2 idalwe iqembu lonjiniyela eliholwa ngu , ongumqondisi wezobuchwepheshe wenkampani yamalitha, kanye noMikhail Matsnev, umdali we-Haali Reader. Ifomethi isuselwe ku-XML, elawula umsebenzi onamathegi angavaliwe nabafakwe esidlekeni ngokuqinile kune-HTML. Idokhumenti ye-XML ihambisana nalokho okubizwa ngokuthi i-XML Schema. I-schema ye-XML yifayela elikhethekile eliqukethe wonke amathegi futhi lichaza imithetho yokusetshenziswa kwabo (ukulandelana, ukwakha isidleke, okuyimpoqo kanye nokuzikhethela, njll.). Ku-FictionBook, umdwebo usefayela elithi FictionBook2.xsd. Isibonelo se-schema se-XML singatholakala kokuthi (isetshenziswa amalitha e-e-book store).
Isakhiwo sedokhumenti ye-FB2
Umbhalo kudokhumenti kumathegi akhethekile - izici zezinhlobo zezigaba: , Futhi . Kukhona futhi isici , elingenakho okuqukethwe futhi lisetshenziselwa ukufaka izikhala.
Wonke amadokhumenti aqala nge-root tag , ngezansi okungase kuvele , , Futhi .
Maka iqukethe amashidi esitayela ukusiza ukuguqulwa kwamanye amafomethi. IN qamba amanga usebenzisa idatha engadingeka ukuze kuhlinzekwe idokhumenti.
Isici iqukethe lonke ulwazi oludingekayo mayelana nencwadi: uhlobo lomsebenzi, uhlu lwababhali (igama eligcwele, ikheli le-imeyili kanye newebhusayithi), isihloko, vimba ngamagama angukhiye, isichasiselo. Ingase futhi iqukethe ulwazi mayelana nezinguquko ezenziwe kudokhumenti kanye nolwazi mayelana nomshicileli wencwadi uma ishicilelwe ephepheni.
Yile ndlela ingxenye yebhulokhi ebukeka ngayo kokufakiwe kwe-FictionBook ye "A Study in Scarlet" ka-Arthur Conan Doyle, ethathwe ku :
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso-8859-1"?>
<FictionBook
>
<description>
<title-info>
<genre match="100">detective</genre>
<author>
<first-name>Arthur</first-name>
<middle-name>Conan</middle-name>
<last-name>Doyle</last-name>
</author>
<book-title>A Study in Scarlet</book-title>
<annotation>
</annotation>
<date value="1887-01-01">1887</date>
</title-info>
</description>
Ingxenye ebalulekile yedokhumenti ye-FictionBook ithi . Iqukethe umbhalo wencwadi ngokwayo. Kungaba abambalwa balawa mathegi kuyo yonke idokhumenti - amabhlogo engeziwe asetshenziselwa ukugcina imibhalo yaphansi, amazwana namanothi.
I-FictionBook iphinde inikeze amathegi amaningana okusebenza nama-hyperlink. Zisekelwe esimisweni , ithuthukiswe yi-consortium ikakhulukazi ukudala izixhumanisi phakathi kwezinsiza ezahlukene kumadokhumenti e-XML.
Izinzuzo zefomethi
Izinga le-FB2 lihlanganisa kuphela isethi yamathegi adingekayo (anele “ukuklama” izinganekwane), okwenza kube lula ukucutshungulwa kwazo ngabafundi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, esimweni sokusebenza okuqondile komfundi ngefomethi ye-FB, umsebenzisi unethuba lokwenza ngokwezifiso cishe yonke imingcele yokubonisa.
Isakhiwo esiqinile sombhalo sikuvumela ukuthi wenze ngokuzenzakalelayo inqubo yokuguqula usuka kufomethi ye-FB uye kunoma iyiphi enye. Isakhiwo esifanayo senza kube nokwenzeka ukusebenza ngezakhi zomuntu ngamunye zemibhalo - setha izihlungi ngababhali bezincwadi, isihloko, uhlobo, njll. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ifomethi ye-FB2 iye yazuza ukuthandwa ku-Runet, yaba indinganiso ezenzakalelayo emitapo yolwazi yaseRussia kanye nemitapo yolwazi. emazweni e-CIS.
Ukubi kwefomethi
Ubulula befomethi ye-FB2 yinzuzo kanye nobubi bayo ngesikhathi esifanayo. Lokhu kunciphisa ukusebenza kwesakhiwo sombhalo esiyinkimbinkimbi (isibonelo, amanothi aseceleni). Ayinazo izithombe zevekhtha noma usekelo lohlu olunezinombolo. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu ifomethi ezincwadini zokufunda, izincwadi zereferensi nezincwadi zobuchwepheshe (igama lefomethi likhuluma ngisho nalokhu - incwadi yezinganekwane, noma "incwadi eqanjiwe").
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuze kuboniswe ulwazi oluncane mayelana nencwadi - isihloko, umbhali kanye nekhava - uhlelo ludinga ukucubungula cishe wonke umbhalo we-XML. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi imethadatha iza ekuqaleni kombhalo futhi izithombe ziza ekugcineni.
I-FB3 - ukuthuthukiswa kwefomethi
Ngenxa yezidingo ezengeziwe zokufometha imibhalo yencwadi (futhi ukuze kuncishiswe okunye ukushiyeka kwe-FB2), u-Gribov waqala ukusebenza ngefomethi ye-FB3. Ukuthuthukiswa kwahamba ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kodwa ngo-2014 kwaba njalo .
Ngokusho kwababhali, bafunde izidingo zangempela lapho beshicilela izincwadi zobuchwepheshe, babheka izincwadi zokufunda, izincwadi zokubhekisela, iziqondiso futhi baveze isethi eqondile yamathegi angavumela noma iyiphi incwadi ukuthi iboniswe.
Esicacisweni esisha, ifomethi ye-FictionBook iyingobo yomlando ye-zip lapho imethadatha, izithombe nombhalo kugcinwa khona njengamafayela ahlukene. Izidingo zefomethi yefayela le-zip nezimiso zenhlangano yalo zicaciswe ezingeni , echaza Vula i-XML.
Kwenziwa ukuthuthukiswa okuningana okuhlobene nokufometha (isikhala, ukudwebela) futhi kwengezwa into entsha - “ibhulokhi” - efometha isiqeshana esinganaki sencwadi ngendlela ye-quadrangle futhi engashumekwa embhalweni ngokusonga. Manje sekunokusekelwa kohlu olunezinombolo nolunamachashazi.
I-FB3 isatshalaliswa ngaphansi kwelayisensi yamahhala futhi ingumthombo ovulekile, ngakho-ke zonke izinsiza ziyatholakala kubashicileli nakubasebenzisi: iziguquli, abahleli bamafu, abafundi. Okwamanje ifomethi, и ingatholakala endaweni yokugcina yephrojekthi ye-GitHub.
Ngokuvamile, i-FictionBook3 ayikasakazeki kangako kunomfowabo omdala, kodwa imitapo yolwazi ye-elekthronikhi eminingana isivele inikela ngezincwadi ngale fomethi. Futhi amalitha eminyakeni embalwa edlule amemezele inhloso yawo yokudlulisela yonke ikhathalogi yawo kufomethi entsha. Abanye abafundi sebevele basekela konke ukusebenza kwe-FB3 okudingekayo. Isibonelo, wonke amamodeli esimanje abafundi be-ONYX angasebenza ngale fomethi ngaphandle kwebhokisi, isibonelo, noma .
/
Ukusatshalaliswa okubanzi kwe-FictionBook3 kuzodala i-ecosystem ukusebenza ngokugcwele nangempumelelo ngombhalo kunoma iyiphi idivayisi enezinsiza ezinomkhawulo: isibonisi esimnyama nokumhlophe noma esincane, inkumbulo ephansi, njll. Ngokusho kwabathuthukisi, incwadi uma isibekiwe izoba lula ngangokunokwenzeka kunoma iyiphi indawo.
PS Sikulethela izibuyekezo ezimbalwa zabafundi be-ONYX BOOX:
Source: www.habr.com