Umuthi wokugoma uyindlela yokubonisa amasosha omzimba isiginesha yosongo lapho, emijikelezweni embalwa yokuqeqeshwa, impendulo yokuzivikela komzimba izothuthukiswa.
Noma iyiphi impi yomzimba yokulwa nesifo esithathelwanayo ingumzamo wokubona isignesha yosongo nokuthuthukisa izindlela zokuphikisa. Ngokuvamile, le nqubo yenziwa kuze kube yilapho umphumela ogcwele ufinyelelwa, okungukuthi, kuze kube yilapho ululama. Nokho, kungase kube khona izifo ezithi:
- Zibulala umphathi ngokushesha kunokuba impendulo yokuzivikela komzimba ingathuthukiswa.
- Zishintsha ngokushesha kunokuba amasosha omzimba akwazi βukubonaβ amagciwane.
- Ziyazifihla futhi zicashe ezindaweni lapho kunzima khona ukufinyelela ku-pathogen.
Ngakho-ke, kwezinye izimo kungcono ukuhlela izivivinyo kusengaphambili. Lena imithi yokugoma. Umuntu omdala ohlala edolobheni ugonyelwa izifo eziyingozi kakhulu ebuntwaneni. Ngesikhathi sokuqubuka kwezifo noma lapho umuntu ebekwe endaweni eyingozi, kunengqondo ukuthola imigomo yokuvimbela. Ukuhamba kungesinye salezi zimo.
Ake siqale sibhekane nohlelo lwezemfundo, bese sidlulela ekuhambeni kanye nohlu lwezenzo.
Kungani ukuhamba kuyingozi?
Ake sithi undizela e-Afrika. Kukhona ingozi eyengeziwe ye-yellow fever lapho. Umgomo olula uzokubiza cishe ama-ruble angu-1 okuhlanganisa ukuqokwa komelaphi kanye nezinsizakalo zegumbi lokwelapha, umgomo wezinga eliphezulu uzokubiza ama-ruble angu-500. Akunakwenzeka ukwelapha i-yellow fever ngemithi ekhethekile (okungukuthi, ungakwazi ukugcina izinsiza zomzimba kuphela kuze kube yilapho ubhekana nakho ngokwakho), kulula ukugula, izinga lokufa lingaba ngu-3%, i-vector eyinhloko omiyane. Umuthi wokugoma cishe awunayo imiphumela emibi. Ingabe ukugoma kuwufanele? Mhlawumbe yebo. Kodwa kukuwe.
Ngakho-ke, ukuhamba yilapho ungekho endaweni evamile amasosha akho omzimba ayijwayele. Ngemuva kwendiza futhi ngenxa yokusabela ezinkulungwaneni zezinto ezintsha zangaphandle, isiphithiphithi esincane siqala ukubusa ezivikelweni zomzimba, futhi uyancipha ukumelana nama-pathogens. Ngaphezu kwalokho, indawo entsha ingase ibe namagciwane angekho lapho ngokuvamile uhlala khona.
Okuphambene nakho kuyiqiniso: ungase ube umthwali wamagciwane angekho endaweni okuyo njengamanje. Futhi-ke izakhamuzi zendawo zizolahlekelwa inhlanhla.
Isebenza kanjani imigomo?
Kunezinhlobo ezi-4 eziyinhloko:
- Ungakhetha inguqulo ebuthakathaka ye-pathogenic strain, efana neyokulwa kwangempela, kodwa ingabangeli usongo emzimbeni onempilo. Lena imigomo yokugomela inkukhu, umkhuhlane, i-yellow fever, njalonjalo. Lena indlela elula yokufunda: "ukuqeqesha izitha" zenza ngokumelene namasosha omzimba.
- Ungakwazi ukuvala amagciwane namabhaktheriya (ngokwesibonelo, ngokuwabeka endaweni ye-formaldehyde) futhi ubonise izidumbu zabo emzimbeni. Izibonelo i-hepatitis A, i-encephalitis ephethwe umkhaza. Amasosha omzimba athola izidumbu zezitha endaweni ethile emzimbeni futhi aqala ukuziqeqesha ukuze azibulale ngokuphindaphindiwe, ngoba lokhu "kuyi-buzz" ngesizathu. Lapho uhlobo olujwayelekile lungena emzimbeni, kuzocaca ukuthi yini okufanele yenziwe ngalo ngokwemibandela ejwayelekile, bese impendulo yokuzivikela komzimba izokhethwa ngokushesha ngokusekelwe kudatha etholwe ngaphambilini.
- Ungakwazi ukwethula ama-toxoid (izinguqulo ezibuthakathaka noma ezishintshiwe ze-microorganism toxins) - khona-ke ukuzivikela komzimba kuzofunda ukulwa nemiphumela yamagciwane, okuzonikeza isikhathi esengeziwe sokwenza izindlela zokuphikisa ngesikhathi sokutheleleka. Kuvela ukuthi izimpawu zalesi sifo azikuthinti, futhi umzimba ngokuthula nangokuthula ubhekana namagciwane, futhi ungazi nokuthi abekhona. Lokhu, isibonelo, i-tetanus.
- Yonke into entsha eyingxenye ye-"high-tech" iguqula izakhi zofuzo (ukuze amanye amaprotheni, ngaphezu komsebenzi oyinhloko, aphinde asike i-DNA ye-pathogen, isibonelo), imigomo yamangqamuzana (uma umzimba unikezwa. , empeleni, nesignesha ye-DNA/RNA ngendlela yayo emsulwa) nokunye. Izibonelo zemithi yokugoma yamangqamuzana i-hepatitis B (igciwane elimboziwe elingenawo umongo), i-human papillomavirus kanye ne-meningococcus.
Sicela uqaphele ukuthi akukho ukuxhumana okuqondile phakathi kohlobo lomgomo kanye nemiphumela yawo engemihle. Ungase ucabange ukuthi igciwane eliphilayo langempela lingaba yingozi kakhulu kunomuthi wokugoma wamangqamuzana, kodwa lokhu akulona iqiniso. Umuthi ofanayo wokugomela i-yellow fever ubhekwa njengenye yephephile kakhulu: amathuba okuba nemiphumela emibi anzima kakhulu ukuhlukanisa nephutha lezibalo lezindlela zokulinganisa.
Iyini imiphumela emibi?
Icala elivame kakhulu ukungezwani komzimba. Isibonelo, umuthi wokugomela i-hepatitis B ungase ukhuphule ukungezwani nemvubelo. Kukhona futhi ukusabela okuyinkimbinkimbi, kodwa ngokuvamile konke kuyahlehliswa. Izibalo ezicophelelayo zihlanganiswa emiphumeleni engenakuhlehliswa (enzima), futhi umgomo awuvunyelwe ukusetshenziswa uma ubungozi obuthile bomuntu ovela esifweni esinamathuba amaningi okuthi angenwe, adluliselwe, alapheke, njalonjalo iphansi kunengozi yezinkinga. . Kalula nje, kuhlale kunengqondo ukusebenzisa umgomo lapho utuswa esifundeni.
Iningi lemiphumela emibi ibangelwa ukuthi ukhulula igciwane elibuthakathaka, ubuthi, imfucumfucu yamangqamuzana nezinye izinto ezingaphandle emzimbeni. Ukuze ufundise amasosha omzimba ukulwa, okokuqala udinga ukuwushaya kancane. Uzonikeza impendulo, futhi ifenisha ingase ihlupheke. Kodwa kuyingxenye edingekayo yokuqeqeshwa kokuzivikela.
Ingabe umgomo usebenza kuphela uhlobo olulodwa?
Akunjalo Empeleni. Lapha ukuqhathanisa nokuhlaziywa kwesiginesha akulungile. Amasosha omzimba akhe into efana ne-hashi yokuqonda. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uma ugonyelwe enye yezinhlobo zomkhuhlane, khona-ke uma ungenwe omunye, impendulo yokuzivikela komzimba izokwakhiwa ngokushesha. Okusho ukuthi, kunengozi encane yezinkinga, izimpawu ezincane kakhulu.
Igciwane lomkhuhlane libukeka njengebhola elinama-surface glycoprotein namaprotheni aphuma kulo. Ezibaluleke kakhulu (i-hemagglutinin ne-neuraminidase) zishiwo egameni lohlobo olufana ne-H1N1. Umkhuhlane ungaguqula elinye lamaprotheni bese uphenduka ube yi-H2N1. Khona-ke ukuqondana kuzoba ingxenye futhi umzimba uzomane usabele kancane. Futhi "i-shift" ingenzeka lapho womabili amaprotheni eshintsha, isibonelo, ku-H2N3. Khona-ke kuzodingeka uqaphele usongo cishe kusukela ekuqaleni.
Sicela uqaphele ukuthi lokhu kubhekisela ezitembu ezifanayo zesifo esifanayo. Endabeni ye-meningitis, isibonelo, sikhuluma ngamagciwane ahluke ngokuphelele, futhi imigomo ehlukene ikuvikela kumasethi ahlukene e-meningococci. Futhi i-meningitis ngokwayo ingabangelwa amakhulu ezinye izizathu.
Okusho ukuthi, ngokuvamile, umgomo uqukethe uhlobo olulodwa noma ngaphezulu kohlobo oluvame kakhulu lwe-pathogen. Kuyasiza ukuthuthukisa ukumelana nazo kanye nezinguqulo zazo eziseduze, kanye nokusheshisa isikhathi sokuphendula ezinguqulweni zazo ezikude kancane.
Yini okufanele uyenze ngaphambi kohambo?
Isinyathelo sokuqala siwukubheka izincomo zezwe ezivela kubavakashi noma kwenye indawo ngaphambi kokuthenga ithikithi. Akuyona imemo ezokunika i-ejensi yezokuvakasha efaneleka kakhulu, kodwa izincomo zamanje ze-World Health Organization. Kunengqondo futhi ukubheka umbiko wezwe ovela ku-WHO efanayo: iphawula ukuqubuka kwakamuva kwezifo kanye nemiphumela yako. Hlola izidingo zokuvimbela i-biosafety zezwe okuqondiwe kulo. Isibonelo, uma unendiza exhumayo e-Afrika, kungase kudingeke ukuthi ugonyelwe i-pathogen ethile esikhumulweni sezindiza sokudlulisa.
Kwezinye izimo, ngeke uvunyelwe emazweni athile ngaphandle kobufakazi bokugoma - lokhu kudinga ukuhlolwa kusenesikhathi. Lokhu kuvame ukuba yisidingo se-visa noma isimo samanje se-epidemiological.
Enye indlela ukuya kudokotela futhi uthintane naye. Kungcono ukungayi kumelaphi wendawo, kodwa kuchwepheshe wezifo ezithathelwanayo esibhedlela lapho iziguli zilethwa khona zivela ezindizeni. Izincomo zakhe zizosekelwe cishe emithonjeni efanayo, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo uzozihumusha ngendlela efanele futhi azisebenzise esimweni sakho, ecabangela i-anamnesis eqoqwe. Kukhona ochwepheshe ekugomeni ngaphambi kokuhamba eMoscow, isibonelo, e-Martsinovsky Institute.
Ngakho-ke, uthole uhlu lwemigomo ephoqelekile nefiselekayo. Bese kukuwe ukuthi unqume ukuthi ulandele izincomo noma cha. Isibonelo, unganquma ukuthi uma ungaboni izilwane endleleni, awudingi ukuthola umuthi wokugomela amarabi. Ilungelo lakho. Kepha ngiyakukhumbuza: I-WHO yenza izincomo zabahambi ngokusekelwe kwizibalo. Futhi uma ithi okungcono kakhulu ukukwenza, kungcono ukukwenza.
Ngizoza ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngaphambi kohambo, "buff up", futhi konke kuzolunga?
Cha
Okokuqala, isikhathi sokuthuthukiswa kwe-antibody sisukela ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kuye emavikini angu-3-4 (lena isethi yokuqala, mhlawumbe ngaphezulu).
Okwesibili, eminye imithi yokugoma inikezwa ngezifundo izikhathi ezingu-2-3.
Okwesithathu, akuyona yonke imithi yokugoma ehlanganiswa nomunye nomunye, okungukuthi, ngeke kwenzeke ukujova wonke umuntu ngesikhathi esisodwa.
Lokhu kusho ukuthi udinga ukugonywa amasonto amathathu ngaphambi kohambo lwakho uma udinga izici ezintsha ezimbalwa emzimbeni wakho, kanye nezinyanga eziyisithupha kusengaphambili uma lokhu kuwukuvakasha kwakho kokuqala ezweni elishisayo.
Nali ikhasi lezeluleko le-WHO (azikho izindawo eziyingozi endleleni):
Kuhle kakhulu ukuhlola imigomo engxenyeni ye-consular yoMnyango Wezangaphandle. Uhlu olugcwele lapha. Lapho ungabona nezinye izici zezwe.
Ngokwesibonelo, lapha for Ngidinga umuthi wokugomela ikholera.
Nansi enye
Ngakho-ke yini, sidinga ukuzivikela kukho konke lokhu eRussia?
Yebo. Naka amanothi nama-vector. Uma ungenayo ukugoma ngokumelene ne-encephalitis yaseJapane eMoscow, khona-ke kulungile. Izindawo ezifinyeleleka kakhulu zemvelo eziseVladivostok, hhayi njalo ngonyaka. Kodwa uma uya eVladivostok, kufanele ucabange ngakho. Ngokwenza, ulwazi lwe-Russian Federation kuwebhusayithi ye-WHO alunembile kakhulu, ngoba ngokuvamile idatha inikezwa izwe eline-biomes eyodwa noma amabili. Sinezwe lasekhaya elinempilo kakhulu, ngakho-ke isethi ye-Baikal izohluka kunesethi yaseKrasnodar noma e-Arkhangelsk.
Okufanele ukwenze ukuze usinde eRussia kuncike ohlotsheni lwezokuvakasha. Uma uzohlala enkabeni yeMoscow, kwanele ukuthi ugonyelwe umkhuhlane futhi "uvuselele" imigomo yakho yobuntwana ngesikhathi. Uma uya e-taiga noma uhamba nge-kayaking, kufanele nakanjani ugonyelwe i-encephalitis ephethwe umkhaza. Uma uzochitha isikhathi esiningi nezilwane noma ukuya emigedeni - kusuka kumarabi (amalulwane ayawuthwala). Hhayi-ke, uma uya eningizimu noma edolobhaneni elingenawo amapayipi endle, khona-ke usuka ku-hepatitis A. Yebo, mayelana ne-hepatitis B kuyasiza uma kwenzeka unikezwa usizo emtholampilo wasemaphandleni, ukusika esaluni yezinzipho, udokotela wamazinyo eduze nomgwaqo. indlela, noma ukumpontshelwa igazi kungazelelwe. Wawa, wakhubeka, wavuka - i-hepatitis B.
Ingabe imithi yokugoma ihlala ingunaphakade?
Cha. Ezinye zikuvumela ukuthi uthuthukise ukuzivikela komzimba impilo yonke, ezinye zihlala isikhathi eside (isibonelo, i-diphtheria - iminyaka engu-10), ezinye zihlala isikhathi esifushane (i-encephalitis yaseJapane - unyaka ongu-1). Khona-ke ukusebenza kahle kwamasosha omzimba nokukhiqizwa kwawo kuyehla kancane.
Lokhu kusho ukuthi kuwumqondo omuhle ukuqala ngokubuyekeza okuphuthelwe ukukubuyekeza, bese wengeza izinto eziyisisekelo "ezihlala isikhathi eside", bese ugonywa ngaphambi kohambo oluyingozi.
Ngakho yini okufanele siyenze?
Qala khona lapha futhi manje ngokubuyekeza isizindalwazi sakho sokulwa namagciwane. Ngokukhethekile, hlola isethi yakho yonke yemigomo yezingane. Yiya kudokotela wakho umcele ukuthi akutshele ukuthi yimiphi imigomo oyishoyo.
Ngokuvamile, udinga ukuvuselela i-tetanus (lokhu isethi yamagciwane amathathu emuthini owodwa wokugoma) - lokhu kwenzeka kanye njalo eminyakeni eyi-10. Kungenzeka ukuthi eminye imigomo yakho yobuntwana nayo isiphelile.
Ngendlela, ukuhlola umphumela womgomo kulula: ezimweni eziningi, ungahlola amasosha omzimba athile futhi ubone ukuthi ukuvikela kusasebenza yini. Udokotela kuphela okufanele anikeze ukuhlolwa, ngoba kukhona izinguqulo "zamanje" zamasosha omzimba, futhi kukhona "yesikhathi eside". Unentshisekelo kokwakamuva.
Bese wengeza imithi yokugoma yamasu. Ngokuvamile lezi yi-hepatitis A no-B, i-human papillomavirus.
Uma ujwayele ukuya ezifundeni ezithile (noma uqinisekile ukuthi uzoba khona eminyakeni ezayo), bheka imigomo yesikhathi eside efana ne-yellow fever kanye ne-typhoid fever.
Bese kuthi-ke kuphela wenze ngokuvumelana nezincomo ze-WHO, uMnyango Wezangaphandle noma udokotela ngaphambi kokuhamba.
Yini enconywa kakhulu kumuntu omdala kusukela kusethi?
- Ukukhwehlela, i-diphtheria kanye ne-tetanus - buyekeza kanye njalo eminyakeni eyi-10 kumuntu omdala. Iwusizo eRussia nakuyo yonke indawo emhlabeni.
- I-Hepatitis A - ukungatheleleki impilo yonke ngemva kwesifundo.
- I-Hepatitis B iyimpilo yonke ngemva kwesifundo (kodwa ama-titers adinga ukuhlolwa ngemva kweminyaka eyi-10).
- Isimungumungwane, i-rubella, umvukuzane - buyekeza kanye njalo eminyakeni eyi-10 kumuntu omdala.
- I-chickenpox iwukungavikeleki impilo yonke ngemva kwesifundo noma ukugula okuhlushwa ebuntwaneni.
- I-Poliomyelitis - ukungatheleleki impilo yonke ngemva kwesifundo.
- Ukutheleleka kwe-meningococcal kuyimpilo yonke uma ugonyiwe uneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-5.
- I-Human papillomavirus - kanye njalo eminyakeni eyi-15 (abanye abantu banokugonywa impilo yonke, babuyekeze ngemuva kokuhlola isihloko).
- I-encephalitis ethwala umkhaza - njalo eminyakeni emi-3, uma uthanda ukuhlala emlilweni eRussia.
Kungenzeka yini ukwenza yonke into ngesikhathi esisodwa?
Cha. Emjikelezweni owodwa ungathola imithi yokugoma engu-1-3, lapho-ke ngokuvamile kufanele ulinde inyanga ngaphambi kwale elandelayo.
Eminye imithi yokugoma ihlanganisiwe, eminye ayihlanganisiwe. Imithi yokugoma ephilayo ngokuvamile ayinikezwa ngosuku olufanayo. Okuguquliwe ngofuzo kunganikezwa ngobuningi, kodwa kungabi ngaphezu kwemigomo emithathu ngosuku, ukuze kungakhulisi umthwalo emzimbeni.
I-BCG, imithi yokugoma i-yellow fever kanye nomuthi wokugomela amarabi (omelene namarabi) - ngokuvamile lokhu akunikezwa kanye neminye imigomo noma ngokunye.
Eminye imigomo ayikwazi ukunikezwa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Lokhu kusebenza emithini yokugomela isimungumungwane esiphilayo, i-rubella, umumpa kanye nenkukhu equkethe amagciwane anciphile.
Imithi yokugoma eminingi yezingane kanye neyabantu abadala iyahluka ngomthamo kuphela. Okusho ukuthi, uma ujovwe ngezingane ezimbili esikhundleni somuntu omdala, lokhu kuvamile ezimweni eziningi. Ibala njengokukodwa.
Asikho isidingo sokusebenzisa kabi imigomo futhi. Landela izincomo ezinengqondo kuphela, ungajovi yonke into. Amandla amasosha omzimba awapheli, futhi ukuqeqeshwa kakhulu kungase kungabi umqondo omuhle nakho. Uma ungabaza, thintana nodokotela wakho.
Ingabe zikhona izifo ezingavikeleka kuzo ngaphandle komgomo?
Yebo. Awukho umuthi wokugomela umalaleveva, ngakho kubili ongakhetha kukho - thatha i-prophylaxis, noma uthole ukwelashwa lapho usuvele ugula. Hhayi-ke, noma zigcobe ngesibulala-magciwane njalo ngehora futhi ukholwe ukuthi uzoba nenhlanhla.
Ngokuqondile endabeni ye-malaria, bheka amagciwane athile endaweni yokuhamba: amanye alashwa ngaphandle kwezinkinga, amanye alashwa. Labo abangekho: kungase kuvele ukuthi kungcono ukuthatha i-prophylaxis futhi uhlushwa yimiphumela yayo emibi (kaningi futhi ayinhle kakhulu). Lapho kungekho khona amagciwane anjalo, kungase kube ngcono ukuthatha ithuba bese uzifafaza ngesifutho. Uyanquma. Uma kungekho ukuqubuka, lezi yizincomo nje.
Njengendlela yokuvimbela, ungawaphuza amaphilisi ukuze ugweme ukuthola i-HIV, kodwa sithemba ukuthi awukudingi ngempela uhambo olunjalo.
Kubuye kunconywe kakhulu ukuthi ube nekhithi yosizo lokuqala nawe, ukuze kuthi uma ubamba ukutheleleka kwamathumbu emathunjini noma izikelemu, utwayi noma iyiphi i-protozoa, uzoba nokuthile ongakusiza. Kungcono ukuyihlela nochwepheshe ofanayo ozokunikeza umuthi wokugoma ngaphambi kohambo. Noma nomelaphi wakho.
Kungenzeka nini futhi nini ukuthi ungagonywa?
Kukhona contraindications. Ngokuvamile, uma unomkhuhlane ngaphambi kokuhamba, awudingi ukuya kudokotela ukuze uthole ukugoma phakathi komkhuhlane. Kodwa izinga lokushisa elifanayo lama-39 nezinye izimpawu zesifo aziphazamisi njalo ukuthola umgomo. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ezinganeni ezivame ukugula. Ngakho-ke, hlala uthintana nodokotela wakho futhi ungafihli zonke izimo zakho kanye nokuxilongwa okungapheli.
Ungafunda izibonelo ze-contraindication .
Zimbalwa kakhulu izingqinamba ezisebenzayo zokungagomi. Isibonelo, emithini yokugoma ephilayo lokhu ukutheleleka nge-HIV kanye nezinye izinhlobo zokuzivikela komzimba.
Esimeni sezifo ezingelapheki, uhlu lwemithi yokugoma lungaba banzi kunokuvamile ngenxa yokwanda kwezingozi ezithile. Futhi, udinga ukubheka ama-contraindication wemigomo ethile. Konke lokhu kuzohlolwa ngumelaphi ngesikhathi sokuvimbela ngaphambi kokugoma esibhedlela.
Ngingakwazi ukugonywa phesheya ngaphambi kolunye uhambo?
Yebo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungawuthenga umuthi wokugoma ndawana thize ekhemisi lapha noma phesheya futhi uwulethe esibhedlela sakho ukuze bazokunikeza imibhalo ngawo. Lokhu kuyasebenza uma umgomo odingekayo ungatholakali ezibhedlela ezisedolobheni lakho. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuhlola izidingo zokuhlanzeka kwesibhedlela zokuthutha umgomo ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa okunjalo.
Kunemithi yokugoma eyahlukene yezifo engiyidingayo. Iyiphi ongakhetha?
Ukukhetha okulula kakhulu kuphakathi kokushibhile nokubiza kakhulu. Njengomthetho, obiza kakhulu unomgomo ohlukile wokungasebenzi kwe-pathogen, noma umtapo wezincwadi omkhulu wezinhlobo, noma kukhona okunye okwandisa ukusebenza kwawo futhi kunciphisa amathuba okuba nemiphumela emibi.
Uma kunemithi yokugoma eminingana futhi iyizinhlobo ezahlukene, kungcono ukubonana nodokotela noma, njengendlela yokugcina, sebenzisa inketho "ezenzakalelayo".
Sengibuyile angizizwa kahle...
Kungcono ukuya endaweni lapho bangaqinisekisa khona ukuthi akusona isifo saseRussia, ngoba umhlinzeki wendawo angadideka izinsuku ezimbalwa, okuzoba nomthelela omkhulu ekubikezelweni kwesifo. Okusho ukuthi, kungcono ukuhamba ngezinyawo (noma ukuthatha i-ambulensi) esibhedlela sezifo ezithathelwanayo. Qiniseka ukuthi utshela odokotela ukuthi ubukuphi nokuthi wenzeni (isibonelo, wazama inyama eluhlaza ngokwendlela yokupheka yasendaweni, waphulula amalulwane amahle, wanga indlulamithi). Kungenzeka ukuthi udliswe ushevu noma unomkhuhlane, kodwa bazokuhlola noma yini ehambisana nezimpawu zakho - kusukela kudenga kuya kumalaleveva. Lezi izivivinyo eziningana. Kuyoba okwesabisa kancane ukubona abantu behlisa ngokuzumayo imaski yabo ebusweni babo, kodwa ngeke kubuhlungu kakhulu futhi ngeke kuhlale isikhathi eside. Lena imithetho e-Russian Federation, futhi, ngokuvamile, lokhu kuhle ekusindeni kwakho siqu.
Kuzokwenzekani kubagibeli bendiza ebesihamba ngayo isiguli?
Uma ugula, okokuqala udinga ukuthola ukuthi kungani. Ezinye izenzo zincike ekuthelelekeni. Uma kwakungumalaleveva, khona-ke ngaphandle kokuba khona komiyane ebhodini cishe akunakwenzeka ukuyidlulisa (ngaphandle uma nonke nisebhodini nithela igazi komunye nomunye, kodwa-ke kuzodingeka uqale uthintane nodokotela wengqondo). Okufanayo kuya ngodenga, zika, chikungunya kanye ne-yellow fever. Kodwa uma kuyisimungumungwane noma ukutheleleka kwe-meningococcal, konke kuhlukile, futhi izinyathelo zingathathwa. Udokotela uzokwazisa iSanitary and Epidemiological Supervision (Rospotrebnadzor), bese uzokwazisa wonke umuntu futhi athathe izinyathelo zokuvikela ngokumelene ne-biothreat.
Ngafunda yonke into, ngayiqonda futhi ngifuna ukugonywa ngaphambi kohambo lwami esikhathini esingangenyanga. Kwenziwa kanjani?
Shayela isibhedlela sakho ubuze ukuthi umgomo uyatholakala yini wegciwane olithandayo. Yidla? Ithi uyamfuna. Uzokwenza i-aphoyintimenti nomelaphi, khona-ke uzokuhlola, abuze nxazonke, futhi uma kungekho ukuphikisana, uzokuthumela ekamelweni lokwelapha. Lapho uzothola umuthi wokugoma (isibhamu ehlombe, isibonelo), lapho-ke bazokufundela uhlu lwezimpawu okufanele uzibuke ngosuku oluzayo. Bese uhlala isigamu sehora phambi komelaphi noma igumbi lokwelapha. Engxenyeni yehora, udokotela uzophuma, aqinisekise ukuthi awukho ukushaqeka kwe-anaphylactic, futhi akuthumele ekhaya. Uma bekuwumjovo, ngeke ukwazi ukuwumanzisa noma ukuwunwaya izinsuku ezimbalwa.
Uma isibhedlela sakho singenawo umgomo, shayela olandelayo otholakalayo. Noma kunjalo, cishe, lena yisevisi ekhokhelwayo, ngakho-ke akunandaba ukuthi ukuphi. Okuwukuphela kwento, ungakhohlwa ukuthatha amaphepha okugoma - kungcono ukufaka amakhophi awo nedosi yakho esibhedlela esikhulu.
Kwesinye isikhathi amadokhumenti adinga ukugcinelwa uhambo. Isibonelo, ngemuva kokugoma i-yellow fever, bazokunikeza incwadi ekhethekile okudingeka uhambe nayo ukuya ePanama. Uma kungenjalo, uzovunyelwa ngaphakathi kwezwe amahora angu-12.
Siyabonga ngeseluleko sakho kusazi sezindawo ezishisayo uVictoria Valikova, umsunguli womtholampilo wokuzithandela we-Health&Help ΠΈ . Uma unentshisekelo emtholampilo wakhe - .
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Source: www.habr.com