Okokugcina thina elabhorethri yemishini ye-optoelectronic. I-ITMO University's Museum of Optics - imibukiso nokufakwa kwayo - isihloko sendaba yanamuhla.
Qaphela: kunezithombe eziningi ngaphansi kokusikwa.
Imnyuziyamu ayizange yakhiwe ngaso leso sikhathi
iyimnyuziyamu yokuqala esebenzisanayo . nguyena esakhiweni esiseVasilievsky Island, lapho i-State Optical Institute yayikhona ngaphambili. Umlando wemnyuziyamu ngo-2007, lapho ukuvuselelwa kwezakhiwo ku-Birzhevaya Line kuqhubeka. Izisebenzi zasenyuvesi zazibhekene nombuzo: yini okufanele ibekwe emakamelweni ezitezi zokuqala.
Ngaleso sikhathi isiqondiso sasikhula edutainment ΠΈ , uprofesa we-Faculty of Physics and Technology, uphakamise ukuthi u-Rector Vladimir Vasiliev enze umbukiso ozobonisa izingane ukuthi i-optics iyathakazelisa. Ekuqaleni, umnyuziyamu wasiza iNyuvesi ukuxazulula inkinga yokuqondisa umsebenzi futhi yaheha izingane zesikole kumakhono akhethekile. Ekuqaleni, izinkambo zamaqembu kuphela ezazibanjwa ngokuqokwa, ikakhulukazi amabanga 8-11.
Kamuva, ithimba lemnyuziyamu lanquma ukuhlela umbukiso omkhulu wesayensi odumile, iMagic of Light, yawo wonke umuntu. Yaqala ukuvulwa ngo-2015 endaweni engaphezu kwenkulungwane square metres. amamitha.
Ukuchazwa kwemyuziyamu: ezemfundo nezomlando
Ingxenye yokuqala yombukiso wethula izivakashi emlandweni we-optics futhi ikhuluma ngokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe besimanje be-holographic. I-Holography ubuchwepheshe obukuvumela ukuthi ukhiqize kabusha izithombe ezinezinhlangothi ezintathu zezinto ezahlukahlukene. Embukisweni ungabuka ifilimu emfushane yokufundisa ekhuluma ngengqikithi yalesi simo.
Into yokuqala izivakashi eziyibonayo amatafula amabili lapho kukhona okuhlekisayo kwesekethe yokuqopha ihologram. Izibonelo ezikhethiwe ziyisithombe esincane sesikhumbuzo sikaPeter I egibele ihhashi nonodoli we-matryoshka.
Nge-laser eluhlaza - yakudala , ngosizo ososayensi abathola ngalo ihologram yokuqala yokudlulisela ivolumu ngo-1962.
Nge-laser ebomvu - umdwebo wososayensi waseRussia u-Yuri Nikolaevich Denisyuk. Ilaser ayidingeki ukuze ubuke amahologram anjalo. Zibonakala ekukhanyeni okumhlophe okuvamile. Ingxenye ebalulekile yombukiso inikezelwe engxenyeni ye-holographic. Phela, kwakulesi sakhiwo lapho u-Yu. N. Denisyuk athola khona futhi wahlanganisa ukufakwa kwakhe kokuqala kokuqopha ama-hologram.
Namuhla uhlelo lukaDenisyuk lusetshenziswa emhlabeni wonke. Ngosizo lwayo, ama-hologram e-analog aqoshiwe angenakuhlukaniswa nezinto zangempela - "i-optoclones". Ehholo lokuqala lemnyuziyamu kukhona amabhokisi ane amaqanda ePhasika adumile kaCarl Faberge kanye namagugu e-Diamond Fund.
Esithombeni: amakhophi we-holographic "",""nemihlobiso"Β»
Ngaphezu kwe-analogue, imnyuziyamu yethu inamahologram edijithali. Zakhiwe kusetshenziswa izinhlelo zokumodela ze-3D nobuchwepheshe be-laser. Ngokusekelwe ezithombeni zento noma ividiyo (engathathwa kusetshenziswa ama-drones), imodeli yayo ithuthukiswa kukhompuyutha. Khona-ke, iguqulwa ibe iphethini yokuphazamiseka futhi idluliselwe kufilimu ye-polymer kusetshenziswa i-laser.
Amahologram anjalo aphrintwa kusetshenziswa ama-holoprinter akhethekile kusetshenziswa ama-lasers anemibala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, obomvu nohlaza (kuncane ngomsebenzi wawo). ).
Phakathi kwamahologram edijithali emnyuziyamu adalwe ithimba leNyuvesi, umuntu angaphawula amamodeli we-Alexander Nevsky Lavra kanye ne-Naval Cathedral e-Kronstadt.
Amahologram edijithali nawo eza ngezinhlobo zama-engeli amaneβaqukethe izithombe ezine ezihlukene. Uma uhamba eduze kwehologram enjalo, izithombe zizoqala ukushintsha.
Kuze kube manje, le ndlela yokurekhoda ama-hologram ayikatholi ukusetshenziswa okubanzi ngenxa yezindleko zemishini yokunyathelisa. Awekho ama-holoprinter e-Russia, ngakho-ke Imyuziyamu yethu ibonisa amahologramu enziwe eMelika naseLatvia, isibonelo imephu yeNtaba i-Athos.
Esithombeni: Imephu ye-Mount Athos
Ihholo lesibili lomnyuziyamu nalo linikezelwe ngokwengxenye ku-holoography. Ukubukeka kwayo okuvamile kuboniswa esithombeni esingezansi.
Esithombeni: Ihholo elinamahologram
Leli gumbi libonisa "i-holographic portrait" ka-Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin. Lena enye yamahologram amakhulu kunawo wonke engilazini, futhi ngokwesilinganiso ingumholi phakathi kwamahologram analogi.
Kukhona nesitendi esinomfanekiso we-holographic we-Yu.N. UDenisyuk ngendaba yokuphila kososayensi nokutholakala kwakhe. Kukhona ihologram enamafreyimu ephosta yefilimu ethi βI Am Legendβ.
Leli gumbi liqukethe ama-hologram ezinto ezivela kumamnyuziyamu ahlukene emhlabeni jikelele, isibonelo kusukela e-Russian Museum of Ethnography.
Ngakwesobunxele kwe-Bust ye-Pushkin kukhona isibani esibekwe endaweni esobala. Nakuba lo mbukiso ubonakala uyisibani uma uqala nje ukuwubuka. Ngaphakathi kune-impeller enama-blade amhlophe namnyama. Uma ukhanyisa i-spotlight futhi uyikhanyise ku-impeller, izoqala ukujikeleza.
Lo mbukiso ubizwa ngokuthi iCrookes Radiometer.
Ngayinye yezindwani ezine inohlangothi olumnyama nolukhanyayo. Okumnyama - kushisa ngaphezu kokukhanya (ngenxa yezimpawu zokumunca ukukhanya). Ngakho-ke, ama-molecule egesi kuflask agxuma ohlangothini olumnyama lwe-blade ngesivinini esikhulu kunasohlangothini olukhanyayo. Ngenxa yalokhu, i-blade ebheke emthonjeni wokukhanya enohlangothi olumnyama ithola umfutho omkhulu.
Ingxenye yesibili yehholo inikezelwe emlandweni we-optics: ukuthuthukiswa kwezithombe kanye nokusungulwa kwezibuko, umlando wokubukeka kwezibuko nezibani.
Ezitebhisini ungathola inqwaba yezinsimbi ezahlukene ezibonakalayo: izibonakhulu, "", amakhamera we-vintage kanye nezibuko zakudala. Phakathi nohambo ungafunda umlando wokubukeka kwezibuko zokuqala ezenziwe nge-obsidian, ithusi futhi, ekugcineni, ingilazi. Ikesi lokubonisa linesibuko sangempela se-Venetian convex, esakhiwe kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe bekhulu le-XNUMX. Futhi "isibuko somlingo" wethusi (uma usikhomba elangeni, futhi "u-bunny" obonakalisiwe odongeni olumhlophe, khona-ke isithombe esivela ngemuva kwesibuko sizovela kuso).
Egunjini elilodwa kuneqoqo lamakhamera. Lo mbukiso wenza kube nokwenzeka ukulandela intuthuko yabo kusuka - ukhokho wekhamera - kuze kube namuhla.
Esithombeni: Iqoqo lekhamera
Amakesi okubonisa ayenamakhamera anezinsimbi ezigoqekayo namakhophi e-Pontiac MFAP, akhiqizwa kusukela ngo-1941 kuya ku-1948, kanye ne-AGFA BILLY kusukela ngo-1928. Phakathi kwamadivayisi ethulwe ungathola ""yikhamera yokuqala enkulu yaseSoviet, eyakhiwe ngesisekelo samamodeli aseNtshonalanga aphumelele kakhulu. E-USSR yakhiqizwa kuze kube ngo-1941.
Esithombeni: Ikhamera egoqayo "Β»
Uma uya ehholo elilandelayo lemnyuziyamu, ungabona ukukhanya okuyisikhumbuzo nesitho somculo. "Ithuluzi" liqukethe izibuko ezikhethekile ezingu-144 zezinhlobo ezahlukene nezinhlobo - . Alikho iqoqo elinjalo emhlabeni wonke ngokosayizi webhulokhi yengilazi nokuphelela kokwethulwa. Yaqala ukuqoqwa emuva e-USSR ukuze iqhubekisele phambili impumelelo yososayensi e-State Optical Institute, eyathuthukisa ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza ingilazi engazweli emisebeni.
Manje ngaphansi kwebhulokhi ngayinye yengilazi kukhona umugqa we-LED. Le migqa ilawulwa izilawuli kanye nehabhu exhunywe kukhompuyutha yomuntu siqu. Uma udlala umculo ku-PC, isitho sizoqala ukucwayiza ngemibala ehlukene kuye ngokhiye nephimbo lomsindo. Uhlelo luqukethe ama-algorithms ayisishiyagalombili okuguqula umsindo ube umbala. Ungahlola ukusebenza kwesistimu kulokhu .
Ukuqhubeka kombukiso: ingxenye esebenzisanayo
Ngemuva kokuqoqwa kwengilazi ye-optical kuza ingxenye yesibili yombukiso - osebenzisanayo. Iningi lemibukiso lapha lingakwazi futhi kufanele lithintwe. Ingxenye esebenzisanayo iqala ngokutadisha umlando wokuthuthukiswa kwe-cinema nombono we-3D.
, , ama-phonotropes - anikeze umbono wokuthi ososayensi bafunda kanjani izindlela zokubona kanye nokucubungula ulwazi. Ungabona isibonelo sephonotrope esithombeni esingezansi. Isimiso sokusebenza sisekelwe ku-inertia yombono. Esingakwazi ukukubona ngeso, njengoba isithombe sifiphele, sibonakala ngokucacile ngekhamera ye-smartphone.
Esithombeni: i-phonotrope - i-analogue yesimanje ye-zoetrope
Isithombe: Inkohliso yamehlo
Isinema yesimanje ye-3D inezimpande zayo ekhulwini le-3βi-stereoscope enamakhadi angaphambi kwenguquko ingakusiza ukuthi uqinisekise lokhu. Kukhona nesikrini se-XNUMXD esifakiwe, esingadingi izibuko ezikhethekile ukubuka isithombe.
Esithombeni: i-antique stereoscope kusukela ngo-1901
Ehholo lombukiso kunetafula elinamarula okubhala nezinye izinto ezisobala. Uma uzibheka ngezihlungi ezikhethekile, zizoqhakaza ngayo yonke imibala yothingo. Lesi simo sibizwa ngokuthi .
Lokhu kuwumphumela lapho, ngaphansi kwethonya lokucindezeleka kwemishini, imizimba ithola ukuphindaphinda kabili (ngenxa yenkomba ehlukile ye-refractive yokukhanya). Yingakho kuvela amaphethini othingo. Ngendlela, le ndlela isetshenziselwa ukuhlola imithwalo ekwakhiweni kwamabhuloho nokufakelwa.
Isithombe esingezansi sibonisa esinye isikrini esimhlophe esikhazimulayo. Uma uyibuka ngezihlungi ezikhethekile, kuzovela isithombe sikadrako onemibala kuyo.
I-ITMO University ivamise ukusebenzisa amaphrojekthi ahlangene namaciko akhombisa imisebenzi yawo emnyuziyamu. Isibonelo, kwelinye lamahholo asebenzisanayo kunokufakwa kwe-LED ""(Igagasi) liwumphumela "wokubambisana" kochwepheshe basenyuvesi kanye nethimba lephrojekthi ye-Sonicology. I-ideologist yephrojekthi kwakuyiciko labezindaba nomqambi u-Taras Mashtalir.
Into yobuciko be-Wave ingumfanekiso ongamamitha amabili okuthi, kusetshenziswa izinzwa ezinyakazayo, "ifunde" ukuziphatha kwezibukeli futhi ikhiqize ukusabela okukhanyayo nokomculo.
Isithombe: Ukufakwa kwe-Wave LED
Ihholo elilandelayo lombukiso liqukethe imibono yezibuko. I-Anamorphoses "i-decipher" izithombe ezingavamile futhi ziguqule zibe izithombe eziqondakalayo.
Okulandelayo yigumbi elimnyama elinamalambu e-plasma. Ungawathinta.
Ungakwazi ukudweba odongeni kwesokudla sezibani ngethoshi; ine-coating ekhethekile efakwe kuyo. Futhi udonga oluphambene alukutholi ukukhanya, kodwa luyakubonisa. Uma uthatha isithombe ngokumelene nesizinda saso nge-flash, uzothola kuphela isithunzi esikrinini sekhamera.
Ihholo elingaphambili lombukiso yigumbi le-ultraviolet. Kumnyama futhi kugcwele inani elikhulu lezinto ezikhanyayo. Isibonelo, kukhona imephu "ekhanyayo" yaseRussia.
Esithombeni: Imephu yaseRussia ependwe ngopende olukhanyayo
Umbukiso wokugcina uthi "Ihlathi Lomlingo". Leli ihholo lezibuko elinemicu ye-luminescent.
Esithombeni: "Ihlathi Lomlingo"
"Kuya ngokungapheli nangale kwalokho"
Nsuku zonke, abasebenzi basemnyuziyamu basebenza emibukisweni emisha futhi bathuthukise ekhona. Ukuvakasha kuqala njalo ngemizuzu engamashumi amabili. Uchungechunge lwamakilasi ochwepheshe ezingane zesikole futhi lizivumela ukuthi zifunde kahle isifundo sesikole sokubona ngefomethi ejabulisayo neqondakalayo.
Ngokuzayo, sihlela ukwandisa inani lezinto zobuciko ezisebenzisanayo kumnyuziyamu, kanye nokubamba izinkulumo ezengeziwe nezinkundla zokucobelelana ngolwazi esizindeni sayo. Kuzophinde kube nendawo ye-VR enentuthuko evela kuphrojekthi ye-ITMO University "".
Sithemba ukuthi kuzoba namaphrojekthi amaningi anjalo asebenzisanayo nezemfundo, futhi iMuseum of Optics eNyuvesi yase-ITMO izoba isikhungo sokubukisa sabaculi bemidiya abavela kuwo wonke umhlaba.
Ezinye izindatshana ezivela kubhulogi yethu ku-HabrΓ©:
Source: www.habr.com