2001: I-Hacker Odyssey
Amabhulokhi amabili asempumalanga ye-Washington Square Park, i-Warren Weaver Building ime njengesihluku futhi eqinile njengenqaba. Umnyango wesayensi yekhompyutha waseNew York University utholakala lapha. Uhlelo lokungena komoya olwenziwa ngendlela yezimboni ludala ikhethini eliqhubekayo lomoya oshisayo ezizungeze isakhiwo, ngendlela efanayo edikibalisa osomabhizinisi abanyakazayo kanye nama-loafers ahambahambayo. Uma isivakashi sisakwazi ukunqoba lo mzila wokuzivikela, sibingelelwa yisivimbeli esesabekayo esilandelayo - ideski lokwamukela abantu emnyango okuwukuphela kwawo.
Ngemva kwekhawunta yokungena, ubukhali bomkhathi buyehla kancane. Kodwa nalapha, isivakashi ngaso sonke isikhathi sihlangabezana nezimpawu ezixwayisa ngengozi yeminyango engakhiyiwe kanye nezindawo zokuphuma zomlilo ezivinjiwe. Kubonakala sengathi basikhumbuza ukuthi akukho ukuphepha nokuqapha okukhulu ngisho nasenkathini ezolile eyaphela ngo-September 11, 2001.
Futhi lezi zimpawu zihluke ngokuhlekisayo nezilaleli ezigcwalisa ihholo elingaphakathi. Abanye balaba bantu babukeka njengabafundi baseNyuvesi yaseNew York ehlonishwayo. Kodwa iningi labo libukeka lifana nabantu abavamile abadidekile emakhonsathini nasemidlalweni yamakilabhu, njengokungathi bafika ekukhanyeni ngesikhathi sekhefu phakathi kwezenzo. Lesi sixuku se-motley sigcwalise isakhiwo ngokushesha okukhulu namuhla ekuseni kangangokuthi unogada wendawo uvele wasikaza isandla sakhe wahlala phansi wabuka uhlelo luka-Ricki Lake ku-TV, ephakamisa amahlombe akhe njalo lapho izivakashi ezingalindelekile ziza kuye nemibuzo mayelana “nenkulumo” ethile.
Lapho sesingenile ehholo, isivakashi sibona yona kanye indoda eshayele ngephutha isimiso esinamandla sezokuphepha sesakhiwo. Lona nguRichard Matthew Stallman, umsunguli we-GNU Project, umsunguli weFree Software Foundation, owawina iMacArthur Fellowship ngo-1990, owawina umklomelo kaGrace Murray Hopper ngonyaka ofanayo, owathola kanye noMklomelo we-Takeda we-Economic and Social. Ukuthuthukiswa, kanye nesigebengu se-AI Lab. Njengoba kushiwo esimemezelweni esithunyelwe ezindaweni eziningi zabaduni, kubandakanya nesikhulu Ingosi yephrojekthi ye-GNU, uStallman wafika eManhattan, idolobha lakubo, ezonikeza inkulumo ekade ilindelwe ngokumelene nomkhankaso weMicrosoft wokulwa nelayisensi ye-GNU GPL.
Inkulumo kaStallman igxile esikhathini esedlule nekusasa lokunyakaza kwesoftware yamahhala. Indawo ayikhethwanga ngenhlanhla. Enyangeni ngaphambili, iphini likamongameli omkhulu weMicrosoft Craig Mundy wangena eduze kakhulu, eSikoleni Sebhizinisi senyuvesi efanayo. Waphawulwa ngenkulumo yakhe, ehlanganisa ukuhlaselwa nokusolwa ngelayisensi ye-GNU GPL. U-Richard Stallman udale le layisense ngemuva kwephrinta ye-laser ye-Xerox eminyakeni engu-16 edlule njengendlela yokulwa namalayisensi nezivumelwano ezazimboze imboni yamakhompiyutha endaweni engenakungeneka yokuba yimfihlo kanye nobunikazi. Ingqikithi ye-GNU GPL ukuthi idala uhlobo lwempahla yomphakathi - lokho manje osekubizwa ngokuthi "isizinda somphakathi esidijithali" - kusetshenziswa amandla omthetho we-copyright, okuyilokho kanye okuhloswe ngakho. I-GPL yenze lolu hlobo lobunikazi ukuthi lungabi nakuguqulwa futhi lungenakuphikwa—ikhodi uma yabelwe umphakathi ngeke iphucwe noma yabiwe. Imisebenzi ephuma kokunye, uma isebenzisa ikhodi ye-GPL, kufanele izuze le layisensi. Ngenxa yalesi sici, abagxeki be-GNU GPL bayibiza ngokuthi "viral", njengokungathi isebenza kuzo zonke izinhlelo ezithintayo. .
UStallman uthi: “Ukuqhathaniswa negciwane kubi kakhulu, okungcono kakhulu ukuqhathanisa nezimbali: zisakazeka uma uzitshala ngenkuthalo.”
Uma ufuna ukufunda okwengeziwe ngelayisensi ye-GPL, vakashela Iwebhusayithi yephrojekthi ye-GNU.
Emnothweni wobuchwepheshe obuphezulu oncike kakhulu ku-software futhi oboshelwe ngokuya kumazinga esoftware, i-GPL isiphenduke induku enkulu yangempela. Ngisho nalezo zinkampani eziqale zayihleka usulu, zayibiza ngokuthi “i-socialism yesofthiwe,” zaqala ukubona izinzuzo zale layisensi. I-Linux kernel, eyakhiwe ngumfundi wase-Finnish u-Linus Torvalds ngo-1991, inelayisensi ngaphansi kwe-GPL, njengoba kunjalo nezingxenye eziningi zesistimu: i-GNU Emacs, i-GNU Debugger, i-GNU GCC, njalonjalo. Ndawonye, lezi zingxenye zakha isistimu yokusebenza ye-GNU/Linux yamahhala, eyakhiwe futhi ephethwe umphakathi womhlaba. Iziqhwaga zobuchwepheshe obuphezulu njenge-IBM, i-Hewlett-Packard ne-Oracle, esikhundleni sokubona isofthiwe yamahhala ekhula njalo njengosongo, iyisebenzise njengesisekelo sezinhlelo zokusebenza nezinsizakalo zabo zokuhweba. .
Isofthiwe yamahhala futhi isiphenduke ithuluzi labo lempi yesikhathi eside ne-Microsoft Corporation, eye yabusa imakethe yesofthiwe yekhompyutha yomuntu siqu kusukela ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-80s. Ngohlelo olusebenzayo lwedeskithophu ethandwa kakhulu—iWindows—iMicrosoft izohlupheka kakhulu yi-GPL embonini. Lonke uhlelo olufakwe ku-Windows luvikelwe yi-copyright kanye ne-EULA, eyenza amafayela asebenzisekayo kanye nekhodi yomthombo kube ngokuphathelene, ivimbela abasebenzisi ekufundeni noma ekuguquleni ikhodi. Uma i-Microsoft ifuna ukusebenzisa ikhodi ye-GPL ohlelweni lwayo, kuzodingeka ikhiphe ilayisensi lonke uhlelo ngaphansi kwe-GPL. Futhi lokhu kuzonikeza izimbangi ze-Microsoft ithuba lokukopisha imikhiqizo yayo, ithuthukise futhi iyithengise, ngaleyo ndlela kubukela phansi isisekelo sebhizinisi lenkampani - ukuxhuma abasebenzisi emikhiqizweni yayo.
Yilapho ukukhathazeka kwe-Microsoft mayelana nokwamukelwa kabanzi kwemboni ye-GPL kukhula khona. Yingakho uMundy esanda kuhlasela iGPL nomthombo ovulekile enkulumeni yakhe. (I-Microsoft ayiqapheli ngisho negama elithi "isofthiwe yamahhala", ikhetha ukuhlasela igama elithi "umthombo ovulekile" njengoba kuxoxwe ngakho ku-. Lokhu kwenzelwa ukususa ukunaka komphakathi ekunyakazeni kwe-software yamahhala futhi kubhekise kweyokuvukela kakhulu.) Yingakho uRichard Stallman enqume ukuphikisa esidlangalaleni le nkulumo namuhla kulesi sikhungo.
Iminyaka engamashumi amabili isikhathi eside embonini yesoftware. Cabanga nje: ngo-1980, lapho uRichard Stallman eqalekisa iphrinta ye-laser ye-Xerox elebhu ye-AI, iMicrosoft yayingesona isiqhwaga semboni yamakhompiyutha yomhlaba wonke, kwakuyisiqalo esincane sangasese. I-IBM ibingakathuli ngisho ne-PC yayo yokuqala noma iphazamise imakethe yamakhompiyutha abiza kancane. Abukho futhi ubuchwepheshe obuningi esibuthatha kalula namuhla - i-inthanethi, ithelevishini yesathelayithi, ama-32-bit game consoles. Okufanayo kuyasebenza ezinkampanini eziningi manje “ezidlala kuligi enkulu yezinkampani,” njenge-Apple, Amazon, Dell - kungenzeka ukuthi azikho ngokwemvelo, noma zazidlula ezikhathini ezinzima. Izibonelo zinganikezwa isikhathi eside.
Phakathi kwalabo abazisa intuthuko esikhundleni senkululeko, inqubekelaphambili esheshayo ngesikhathi esifushane kangaka ivezwa njengengxenye yempikiswano kokubili kanye nokuphikisana ne-GNU GPL. Abasekeli be-GPL bakhomba ukuhlobana kwesikhathi esifushane kwehardware yekhompyutha. Ukuze ugweme ingozi yokuthenga umkhiqizo ophelelwe yisikhathi, abathengi bazama ukukhetha izinkampani ezithembisa kakhulu. Ngenxa yalokho, imakethe iba yinkundla yokuthatha wonke umuntu owinile. Imvelo ye-software yokuphathelene, bathi, iholela ekubuseni kobushiqela kanye nokuma kwemakethe. Izinkampani ezicebile nezinamandla zinqamule umoya-mpilo kwabancintisana nabo abancane kanye namaqalo amasha.
Abamelene nabo basho okuphambene. Ngokusho kwabo, ukuthengisa isoftware kuyingozi njengokuyikhiqiza, uma kungenjalo. Ngaphandle kokuvikela okusemthethweni okuhlinzekwa ngamalayisense obunikazi, izinkampani ngeke zibe nesisusa sokuthuthukisa. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi "kuzinhlelo zokubulala" ezidala izimakethe ezintsha ngokuphelele. Futhi futhi, ukuntengantenga kubusa emakethe, amasu amasha ayancipha. Njengoba u-Mundy ngokwakhe ephawulile enkulumweni yakhe, i-viral nature ye-GPL "ibeka usongo" kunoma iyiphi inkampani esebenzisa ukuhluka komkhiqizo wayo wesofthiwe njengenzuzo yokuncintisana.
Futhi kubukela phansi isisekelo somkhakha wesoftware ozimele wokuhweba.
ngoba empeleni kwenza kungenzeki ukusabalalisa isoftware ngokuya ngemodeli
ukuthenga imikhiqizo, hhayi nje ukukhokhela ukukopisha.
Impumelelo yakho kokubili i-GNU/Linux ne-Windows eminyakeni eyi-10 edlule isitshela ukuthi izinhlangothi zombili zinokuthile okulungile. Kepha uStallman nabanye abameli besoftware yamahhala bakholelwa ukuthi lolu udaba lwesibili. Bathi okubaluleke kakhulu akukhona impumelelo yesoftware yamahhala noma ephathelene nokuphathelene, kodwa kunalokho ukuthi ilungile yini.
Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuthi abadlali bemboni yesoftware babambe igagasi. Ngisho nabakhiqizi abanamandla abafana neMicrosoft banaka kakhulu ukusekela abathuthukisi bezinkampani zangaphandle abazinhlelo zabo zokusebenza, amaphakheji ochwepheshe kanye nemidlalo eyenza inkundla yeWindows ikhange kubathengi. Ecaphuna ukuqhuma kwemakethe yezobuchwepheshe eminyakeni engu-20 edlule, ingasaphathwa eyimpumelelo yenkampani yakhe ngesikhathi esifanayo, u-Mundy weluleka abalaleli ukuthi bangahlatshwa umxhwele kakhulu i-software entsha yamahhala:
Isipiliyoni seminyaka engamashumi amabili sibonise ukuthi imodeli yezomnotho ukuthi
ivikela impahla yengqondo, kanye nemodeli yebhizinisi lokho
kunciphisa izindleko zocwaningo nentuthuko, kungadala
izinzuzo zezomnotho ezihlaba umxhwele futhi zisabalalise kabanzi.
Ngokumelene nawo wonke la mazwi akhulunywe enyangeni edlule, uStallman uzilungiselela eyakhe inkulumo, emi esiteji ezilalelini.
Iminyaka engu-20 edlule iwushintshe ngokuphelele umhlaba wobuchwepheshe obuphezulu waba ngcono. U-Richard Stallman ushintshile kancane ngalesi sikhathi, kodwa ingabe kungcono? Sesihambile isigebengu esinesikhumba esimhlophe esishefiwe esake sachitha sonke isikhathi saso phambi kwe-PDP-10 yakhe ayithandayo. Manje, esikhundleni sakhe, kunendoda ekhuluphele ngokweqile, eneminyaka ephakathi enezinwele ezinde nentshebe karabi, indoda echitha sonke isikhathi sayo ithumela ama-imeyili, iluleka abangane, futhi inikeza izinkulumo ezinjengalezi zanamuhla. Egqoke isikibha esiluhlaza sasolwandle kanye nebhulukwe le-polyester, u-Richard ubukeka njengendlwana yasogwadule esanda kuphuma esiteshini seSalvation Army.
Kunabalandeli abaningi bemibono kaStallman nokuthanda kwakhe esixukwini. Abaningi beza namakhompyutha aphathekayo namamodemu eselula ukuze barekhode futhi badlulisele amazwi kaStallman kubalaleli be-inthanethi abalindile ngokusemandleni abo. Ukwakheka kobulili kwezivakashi akulingani kakhulu, kunamadoda ayi-15 kuwo wonke umuntu wesifazane, nabesifazane abaphethe izilwane ezigxishiwe - amaphengwini, i-Linux mascot esemthethweni, namabhere angama-teddy.
Ekhathazekile, uRichard wehla esiteji, ahlale esihlalweni esingaphambili bese eqala ukuthayipha imiyalo kukhompuyutha yakhe ephathekayo. Ngakho-ke kudlula imizuzu eyi-10, futhi uStallman akasiboni ngisho nesixuku esikhulayo sabafundi, osolwazi nabalandeli abagingqika phambi kwakhe phakathi kwezithameli nesiteji.
Awukwazi ukumane uqale ukukhuluma ngaphandle kokwenza imicikilisho yokuhlobisa yezifundo, njengokwethula kahle isikhulumi ezilalelini. Kodwa uStallman ubukeka sengathi akafanelwe nje eyodwa, kodwa imidlalo emibili. UMike Yuretsky, umqondisi-kanye weSikhungo Sebhizinisi Sesikole Se-Advanced Technologies, uthathe esokuqala.
“Enye yezinjongo zenyuvesi ukukhuthaza inkulumo-mpikiswano nokukhuthaza izingxoxo ezithakazelisayo,” kuqala u-Yuretski, “futhi umhlangano wethu namuhla uhambisana ngokugcwele nalo msebenzi. Ngokubona kwami, ingxoxo yomthombo ovulekile inentshisekelo enkulu. ”
Ngaphambi kokuba u-Yuretski asho elinye igama, uStallman uphakama aphakame futhi azulise, njengomshayeli ovaleleke eceleni komgwaqo ngenxa yokonakala.
"Ngingene kwisofthiwe yamahhala," kusho uRichard ekuhlekeni okukhulayo okuvela ezilalelini, "umthombo ovulekile uyindlela ehlukile."
Ihlombe liqeda uhleko. Izithameli zigcwele abalandeli bakaStallman abalaziyo idumela lakhe njengengqwele yolimi olunembayo, kanye nodumo lukaRichard lokuxabana nabameli bemithombo evulekile ngo-1998. Abaningi babo babelindele into enjengale, njengoba nje nabalandeli bezinkanyezi ezinolaka belindele imigilingwane yabo yokusayina ezithombeni zabo.
U-Yuretsky uphetha ngokushesha isingeniso sakhe futhi anikeze u-Edmond Schonberg, uprofesa emnyangweni wesayensi yekhompyutha eNyuvesi yaseNew York. U-Schonberg ungumhleli futhi uyilungu lephrojekthi ye-GNU, futhi ujwayelene kakhulu nemephu yendawo yezimayini zamagama. Ufingqa ngobuhlakani uhambo lukaStallman ngokombono womhleli wesimanje.
"URichard uyisibonelo esihle somuntu owathi, esebenzela izinkinga ezincane, waqala ukucabanga ngenkinga enkulu - inkinga yokungafinyeleleki kwekhodi yomthombo," kusho uSchonberg, "wakha ifilosofi engaguquki, ngaphansi kwethonya esachaza kabusha indlela esicabanga ngayo ngokukhiqizwa kwesofthiwe, mayelana nempahla yengqondo , mayelana nomphakathi wokuthuthukiswa kwesofthiwe."
U-Schonberg ubingelela u-Stallman ukuze ashaye ihlombe. Avele acime ilaptop yakhe ngokushesha, akhuphukele esteji avele phambi kwababukeli.
Ekuqaleni, ukusebenza kukaRichard kubukeka njengesenzo sokusukuma kunenkulumo yepolitiki. “Ngifuna ukubonga iMicrosoft ngesizathu esihle sokukhuluma lapha,” encokola, “emasontweni adlule ngizizwe njengombhali wencwadi eyavalwa ndawana thize njengengxenye yokungakhethi.”
Ukuze athuthukise abangazi, u-Stallman uqhuba uhlelo olufushane lwezemfundo olusekelwe ezifanisweni. Uqhathanisa uhlelo lwe-computer nendlela yokupheka. Zombili zinikeza imiyalelo yesinyathelo ngesinyathelo ewusizo yokuthi ungawufinyelela kanjani umgomo owufisayo. Zombili zingashintshwa kalula ukuze zivumelane nezimo noma izifiso zakho. “Akudingeki ulandele indlela yokupheka ngokunembile,” kuchaza uStallman, “ungayeka izithako ezithile noma wengeze amakhowe ngenxa nje yokuthi uthanda amakhowe. Beka usawoti omncane ngoba udokotela ukweluleke kanjalo - noma yini."
Okubaluleke kakhulu, ngokusho kukaStallman, ukuthi izinhlelo nezindlela zokupheka kulula kakhulu ukusabalalisa. Ukuze wabelane ngeresiphi yesidlo sakusihlwa nesivakashi sakho, okudingayo nje isiqeshana sephepha kanye nemizuzu embalwa yesikhathi. Ukukopisha izinhlelo zekhompiyutha kudinga okuncane nakakhulu - ukuchofoza okumbalwa nje kwegundane kanye nogesi omncane. Kuzo zombili izimo, umuntu ophayo uthola inzuzo ephindwe kabili: kuqinisa ubungane futhi kwandisa amathuba okuthi okufanayo kuzokwabelwana naye.
“Manje ake ucabange ukuthi zonke izindlela zokupheka ziyibhokisi elimnyama,” kuqhuba uRichard, “awazi ukuthi yiziphi izithako ezisetshenziswayo, awukwazi ukushintsha iresiphi futhi wabelane ngayo nomngane. Uma wenza lokhu, uzobizwa ngesigebengu futhi uboshwe iminyaka eminingi. Izwe elinjalo lingabangela ukucasuka okukhulu nokwenqatshwa phakathi kwabantu abathanda ukupheka futhi abajwayele ukwabelana ngezindlela zokupheka. Kodwa lokho kungumhlaba wesoftware yokuphathelene. Izwe lapho ubuqotho bomphakathi buvinjelwe futhi bucindezelwa khona.”
Ngemva kwalesi sifaniso esiyisingeniso, uStallman uxoxa indaba yephrinta ye-laser ye-Xerox. Njengesifaniso sokupheka, indaba yephrinta iyithuluzi lokukhuluma elinamandla. Njengomfanekiso, indaba yephrinta eyingozi ibonisa ukuthi izinto zingashintsha ngokushesha kangakanani emhlabeni wesofthiwe. Ebuyisela abalaleli esikhathini eside ngaphambi kokuthenga ngokuchofoza kanye ku-Amazon, izinhlelo ze-Microsoft kanye nesizindalwazi se-Oracle, u-Richard uzama ukudlulisela ezithamelini ukuthi bekunjani ukubhekana nezinhlelo ebezingakafakwa ngokuqinile ngaphansi kwamalogo ezinkampani.
Indaba ka-Stallman yakhiwe ngokucophelela futhi yapholishwa, njengempikiswano yokuvala yommeli wesifunda enkantolo. Lapho efika esenzakalweni sikaCarnegie Mellon, lapho umcwaningi enqabile ukwabelana ngekhodi yomthombo yomshayeli wephrinta, u-Richard uyahlaba ikhefu.
“Wasikhaphela,” kusho uStallman, “kodwa hhayi thina kuphela. Mhlampe naye wakukhaphela."
Egameni elithi “wena,” uStallman ukhomba isilaleli esingaqaphile ezilalelini ngomunwe. Uphakamisa amashiya futhi uyaqhaqhazela ngokumangala, kodwa uRichard usevele efuna esinye isisulu phakathi kwesixuku esigigithekayo esithuthumelayo, esimfuna kancane futhi ngamabomu. “Futhi ngicabanga ukuthi mhlawumbe ukwenzile nakuwe,” esho ekhomba indoda esohlwini lwesithathu.
Izithameli azisagigi, kodwa zihleka kuvele elomhlathi. Yiqiniso, isenzo sikaRichard sibonakala siseshashalazini elincane. Noma kunjalo, u-Stallman uphetha indaba ngephrinta ye-laser ye-Xerox ngentshiseko yombukiso wangempela. “Eqinisweni, wakhaphela abantu abaningi kakhulu kunalaba abahlezi kulesi sibukeli, singabala abazalwa ngemva kuka-1980,” kuphetha uRichard, ebangela ukuhleka okwengeziwe, “ngenxa nje yokuthi wakhaphela sonke isintu.”
Uphinde wehlise idrama ngokuthi, “Ukwenze lokhu ngokusayina isivumelwano sokungadaluli lutho.”
Ukuziphendukela kwemvelo kukaRichard Matthew Stallman kusuka emfundweni ephoxekile kuya kumholi wezepolitiki kukhuluma kakhulu. Mayelana nomlingiswa wakhe onenkani kanye nentando ehlaba umxhwele. Mayelana nombono wakhe ocacile womhlaba kanye namagugu ahlukile amsize wathola ukunyakaza kwesoftware yamahhala. Mayelana neziqu zakhe eziphakeme kakhulu ezinhlelweni - kwamvumela ukuthi enze izicelo eziningi ezibalulekile futhi abe isibalo sehlelo labahleli abaningi. Ngenxa yalokhu kuziphendukela kwemvelo, ukuduma kanye nomthelela we-GPL kuye kwakhula kancane kancane, futhi lokhu kusungulwa kwezomthetho kubhekwa ngabaningi njengempumelelo enkulu kaStallman.
Konke lokhu kusikisela ukuthi imvelo yomthelela wezepolitiki iyashintsha - iya ngokuya ihlotshaniswa nobuchwepheshe bolwazi kanye nezinhlelo ezibahlanganisayo.
Kungenzeka ukuthi yingakho inkanyezi ka-Stallman ikhanya kakhulu, kuyilapho izinkanyezi eziningi ze-high-tech giants seziphelile futhi zisethiwe. Kusukela kwethulwa i-GNU Project ngo-1984, u-Stallman kanye nokunyakaza kwakhe kwesofthiwe yamahhala ekuqaleni bekunganakwa, base behlekwa usulu, base belulazwa futhi bekhungathekiswa ukugxekwa. Kodwa iphrojekthi ye-GNU ikwazile ukunqoba konke lokhu, nakuba ingekho ngaphandle kwezinkinga nokuma ngezikhathi ezithile, futhi isanikeza izinhlelo ezifanele emakethe yesofthiwe, okuyinto, ngendlela, eye yaba yinkimbinkimbi kaningi kulawa mashumi eminyaka. Ifilosofi eyabekwa u-Stallman njengesisekelo se-GNU nayo ithuthuka ngempumelelo. . Kwenye ingxenye yenkulumo yakhe yaseNew York ngoMeyi 29, 2001, uStallman wachaza kafushane umsuka walesi sifinyezo:
Thina abaduni sivame ukukhetha amagama ahlekisayo ngisho nama-hooligan
izinhlelo zabo, ngoba ukuqamba izinhlelo kungenye yezingxenye
injabulo yokuwabhala. Siphinde sibe nesiko elithuthukisiwe
usebenzisa izifinyezo eziphindaphindayo ezibonisa lokho okwakho
uhlelo luthi lufane nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezikhona...I
ibifuna isifinyezo esiyimpinda ngendlela ethi "Okuthile Akukho
Unix." Ngafunda zonke izinhlamvu zezinhlamvu, futhi akukho neyodwa yazo eyakhayo
igama elilungile. Nginqume ukufushanisa lesi sisho sibe ngamagama amathathu, okwaholela ekutheni
isithombe sesifinyezo esinezinhlamvu ezintathu njengokuthi “Some-thing – Not Unix”.
Ngaqala ukubheka izinhlamvu ngathola igama elithi “GNU”. Indaba yonke leyo.Yize uRichard engumlandeli we-puns, uncoma ukuphimisa isifinyezo
ngesiNgisi eno"g" ohlukile ekuqaleni, ukugwema hhayi kuphela
ukudideka negama lenkonkoni yase-Afrika, kodwa nokufana ne
Isiphawulo sesiNgisi esithi “new”, i.e. "okusha". “Sisaqhubeka nokusebenza
iphrojekthi isineminyaka engamashumi ambalwa ikhona, ngakho-ke ayintsha,” encokola
Stallman.
Ukuqonda izizathu zalesi sidingo nempumelelo kusizwa kakhulu ngokutadisha izinkulumo nezitatimende zikaRichard ngokwakhe nalabo abaseduze naye, okumsiza noma ukubeka isikhulumi emasondweni akhe. Isithombe sobuntu buka-Stallman akudingeki sibe nzima kakhulu. Uma kunesibonelo esiphilayo sesisho sakudala esithi "iqiniso liyilokho elibonakala liyikho," nguStallman.
“Ngicabanga ukuthi uma ufuna ukuqonda uRichard Stallman njengomuntu, asikho isidingo sokuthi umhlaziye kancane, kodwa mbheke ewonke,” kusho u-Eben Moglin, umeluleki wezomthetho weFree Software Foundation kanye noprofesa wezomthetho e-Columbia. Inyuvesi, “zonke lezi zici, abantu abaningi abazibheka njengento yokwenziwa, eyenziwe sengathi - eqinisweni, ukubonakaliswa okuqotho kobuntu bukaRichard. Wake wadumala ngempela ngesinye isikhathi, unezimiso ngokwedlulele ezindabeni zokuziphatha futhi wenqaba noma yikuphi ukuyekethisa ezinkingeni ezibaluleke kakhulu, eziyisisekelo. Yingakho uRichard enza konke akwenzayo."
Akulula ukuchaza ukuthi ukungqubuzana nephrinta ye-laser kukhuphuke kanjani kwaba yimpikiswano nezinkampani ezicebe kakhulu emhlabeni. Ukuze senze lokhu, sidinga ukuhlola ngokucophelela izizathu zokuthi kungani ubunikazi besofthiwe bube bubaluleke kangaka ngokuzumayo. Kudingeka sazi indoda, njengabaholi abaningi bezombangazwe bezikhathi ezidlule, eqondayo ukuthi inkumbulo yomuntu ingashintsha futhi ilolongeka kanjani. Kuyadingeka ukuqonda incazelo yezinganekwane nezifanekiso zemibono lapho isibalo sikaStallman sesikhule kakhulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Okokugcina, umuntu kufanele abone izinga lobuhlakani bukaRichard njengomhleli, nokuthi kungani lowo ngqondongqondo ehluleka ngezinye izikhathi kwezinye izindawo.
Uma ucela uStallman ngokwakhe ukuthi athole izizathu zokuziphendukela kwakhe kusuka ku-hacker kuya kumholi nomvangeli, uzovumelana nalokhu okungenhla. Uthi: “Inkani iyisici sami esiqinile, abantu abaningi bayehluleka lapho bebhekene nezinselele ezinkulu ngenxa nje yokuthi bayeka. Angikaze ngilahle ithemba."
Uphinde anikeze udumo kuma-blind chance. Ukube bekungeyona indaba yephrinta ye-Xerox laser, ukube bekungelona uchungechunge lwezingxabano zomuntu siqu nezingokwengqondo ezangcwaba umsebenzi wakhe e-MIT, ukube bekungeyona ingxenye yeshumi nambili yezinye izimo ezihambisana nesikhathi nendawo, Impilo kaStallman, ngokuvuma kwakhe, ngabe ihluke kakhulu. . Ngakho-ke, uStallman ubonga isiphetho ngokumqondisa endleleni akuyo.
“Ngibe namakhono afanele,” kusho uRichard ekupheleni kwenkulumo yakhe, efingqa indaba yokwethulwa kwephrojekthi ye-GNU, “akekho omunye owayengenza lokhu, mina kuphela. Ngakho-ke, ngezwa sengathi ngikhethelwe lo msebenzi. Bekumele ngikwenze nje. Phela uma kungemina, ubani?"
Source: linux.org.ru