Imahhala njengeNkululeko ngesiRashiya: Isahluko 1. Iphrinta Ebulalayo
Kumahhala njengaseNkululeko ngesiRashiya: Isahluko 2. 2001: I-Hacker Odyssey
Ikhululekile njengaseNkululeko ngesiRashiya: Isahluko 4. Debunk God
Kumahhala njengaseNkululeko ngesiRashiya: Isahluko 5. Iqhinga lenkululeko
I-Emacs commune
I-laboratory ye-AI kuma-70s yayiyindawo ekhethekile, wonke umuntu wavuma ngalokhu. Ucwaningo oluthuthukisiwe lwenzeka lapha, ochwepheshe abaqine kakhulu basebenza lapha, ngakho-ke iLabhorethri yayizwakala njalo emhlabeni wekhompyutha. Futhi isiko lakhe le-hacker nomoya wokuhlubuka kwakha i-aura yesikhala esingcwele esimzungezile. Kwaze kwaba yilapho ososayensi abaningi “kanye nezihlabani ze-rock ezihlelayo” bephuma eLabhorethri lapho abaduni babona khona ukuthi umhlaba ababephila kuwo wawuyinganekwane futhi wawuyisimangaliso kangakanani.
“Ilebhu ibifana ne-Edene kithi,” kusho uStallman esihlokweni. Forbes 1998, "akukaze kwenzeke nakumuntu ukuthi azihlukanise nabanye abasebenzi esikhundleni sokusebenza ndawonye."
Izincazelo ezinjalo emoyeni wezinganekwane zigcizelela iqiniso elibalulekile: Isitezi sesi-9 se-Technosquare sasingabaduni abaningi hhayi nje indawo yokusebenza, kodwa futhi nekhaya.
Igama elithi “ikhaya” lasetshenziswa uRichard Stallman ngokwakhe, futhi sazi kahle kamhlophe ukuthi unembe futhi ucophelele kangakanani ezitatimendeni zakhe. Ngemva kokudlula eMpini Yomshoshaphansi nabazali bakhe, uRichard usakholelwa ukuthi ngaphambi kweCurrier House, indawo yakhe yokulala yaseHarvard, wayengenalo ikhaya. Ngokusho kwakhe, phakathi neminyaka yakhe yaseHarvard wahlushwa ukwesaba okukodwa kuphela - ukuxoshwa. Ngazwakalisa ukungabaza ukuthi umfundi okhaliphe kangaka njengoStallman wayesengozini yokuyeka isikole. Kodwa uRichard wangikhumbuza ngezinkinga zakhe zokuziphatha.
“UHarvard uyasazisa ngempela isiyalo, futhi uma uphuthelwa ikilasi, uzocelwa ngokushesha ukuthi uhambe,” kusho yena.
Ngemva kokuphothula eHarvard, uStallman walahlekelwa ilungelo lakhe lendlu yokulala, futhi akazange abe nesifiso sokubuyela kubazali bakhe eNew York. Ngakho-ke walandela indlela enyathelwe uGreenblatt, uGosper, uSussman nabanye abaduni abaningi - waya esikoleni e-MIT, waqasha ikamelo eliseduze eCambridge, futhi waqala ukuchitha isikhathi sakhe esiningi e-AI Lab. Enkulumweni ka-1986, uRichard wachaza lesi sikhathi:
Cishe nginesizathu esithe xaxa kunabanye sokusho ukuthi ngangihlala eLabhorethri, ngoba njalo ngonyaka noma emibili ngangilahlekelwa izindlu ngezizathu ezihlukahlukene, futhi ngokuvamile ngahlala eLabhorethri izinyanga ezimbalwa. Futhi ngangihlala ngikhululekile lapho, ikakhulukazi ehlobo elishisayo, ngoba kwakupholile ngaphakathi. Kodwa ngokuvamile kwakungokulandelana kwezinto abantu ababechitha ubusuku bonke eLabhorethri, uma nje kungenxa yentshiseko ephithizelayo eyayisiphethe sonke. Umgebengu ngezinye izikhathi wayengakwazi ukuma futhi asebenze kukhompyutha aze aphelelwe amandla, ngemva kwalokho akhase aye endaweni eseduze evundlile ethambile. Ngamafuphi, umoya okhululekile kakhulu, wasekhaya.
Kodwa lesi simo sasekhaya ngezinye izikhathi sasidala izinkinga. Lokho abanye ababekubheka njengekhaya, abanye babekubona njengomhume we-electronic opium. Ku-Computer Power and Human Motivation, umcwaningi we-MIT uJoseph Weizenbaum ukugxeke kabi “ukuqhuma kwekhompyutha,” igama lakhe kubaduni abagcwele izikhungo zamakhompiyutha njenge-AI Lab. “Izingubo zabo ezishwabene, izinwele ezingagezwanga nobuso obungagundiwe kubonisa ukuthi sebezishiyile ngokuphelele ama-computer, futhi abafuni ukubona ukuthi lokhu kungabaholelaphi,” kubhala u-Weizenbaum, “lezi zinkinga zama-computer ziphilela ama-computer kuphela.”
Cishe ngemva kwengxenye yesine yekhulu leminyaka, uStallman usathukuthela lapho ezwa inkulumo ka-Weizenbaum ethi: "izibetho zamakhompyutha." "Ufuna sonke sibe ochwepheshe nje - senze umsebenzi wemali, sivuke futhi sihambe ngesikhathi esimisiwe, sikhiphe yonke into ehlangene nayo emakhanda ethu," kusho uStallman ngokufutheka, njengokungathi i-Weizenbaum iseduze futhi. ngingamuzwa, “kodwa lokho akubheka njengokuhleleka okuvamile kwezinto, ngikubheka njengenhlekelele ecindezelayo.”
Kodwa-ke, impilo ye-hacker nayo ayinayo inhlekelele. U-Richard ngokwakhe uthi ukuguqulwa kwakhe kusuka ku-hacker ngempelasonto kuya ku-24/7 hacker kuwumphumela wochungechunge lonke lweziqephu ezibuhlungu ebusheni bakhe, lapho ayengaphunyuka khona kuphela ekujabuleleni ukugebenga. Ubuhlungu bokuqala obunjalo bathweswa iziqu eHarvard; UStallman uye waphothula esikoleni e-MIT emnyangweni we-physics ukuze alandele ezinyathelweni zezingwazi uRichard Feynman, uWilliam Shockley noMurray Gehl-Mann, futhi kungadingeki ukuthi ashayele amamayela amabili engeziwe ukuya e-AI Lab kanye ne-PDP entsha sha. 2. “Bengisagxile cishe ngokuphelele ezinhlelweni, kodwa ngacabanga ukuthi mhlawumbe ngingenza i-physics eceleni,” kusho uStallman.
Efunda i-physics emini kanye nokugebenga ebusuku, uRichard wazama ukuzuza ibhalansi ephelele. Ingqikithi yalokhu kuphenduka kwegeek kwakuyimihlangano yamasonto onke yeqembu lomdanso wesintu. Lokhu kwakuwukuphela kokuxhumana kwakhe nabantu bobulili obuhlukile kanye nezwe labantu abavamile bebonke. Nokho, ngasekupheleni konyaka wakhe wokuqala e-MIT, kwenzeka ishwa - uRichard walimala edolweni futhi akakwazanga ukudansa. Wacabanga ukuthi kungokwesikhashana futhi waqhubeka nokuya ekilabhini, elalela umculo, futhi exoxa nabangane. Kodwa ihlobo laphela, idolo lami lisabuhlungu futhi nomlenze wami wawungasebenzi kahle. Khona-ke uStallman waba nokusola futhi wakhathazeka. “Ngabona ukuthi kwakungeke kube ngcono,” uyakhumbula, “nokuthi ngangingeke ngisakwazi ukudansa futhi. Kuvele kwangibulala."
Ngaphandle kwe-dorm yase-Harvard nangaphandle kwemidanso, indawo yezenhlalo ka-Stallman yangena ngokushesha. Ukudansa kwakuwukuphela kwento engagcinanga ngokumxhumanisa nabantu, kodwa futhi kwamnika ithuba langempela lokuhlangana nabesifazane. Ukungadansi kusho ukungaqomi, futhi lokhu kwamcasula kakhulu uRichard.
“Ezikhathini eziningi ngangicindezeleke ngokuphelele,” kuchaza uRichard ngalenkathi, “ngangingakwazi futhi ngingafuni lutho ngaphandle kokugebenga. Ukuphelelwa ithemba okuphelele."
Wacishe wayeka ukuphambana nezwe, wacwila ngokuphelele emsebenzini. Ngo-Okthoba 1975, wayeseyishiyile i-physics kanye nezifundo zakhe eMIT. Ukuhlela kushintshile ekubeni umsebenzi wokuzilibazisa kwaba umsebenzi oyinhloko nowukuphela komsebenzi wempilo yami.
URichard manje uthi bekungenakugwenywa. Ngokushesha noma kamuva, i-siren call yokugebenga yayizonqoba zonke ezinye izifiso. “Kumathematika nefiziksi, angikwazanga ukuzidalela okuthile okwami; Ngivele ngihlanganise lokho osekudaliwe, futhi lokho akuzange kungifanele. Ekuhlelweni, ngaqonda ngokushesha ukuthi zingakha kanjani izinto ezintsha, futhi okubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ubona ngokushesha ukuthi ziyasebenza nokuthi ziwusizo. Kuletha injabulo enkulu, futhi ufuna ukuhlela ngokuphindaphindiwe.”
UStallman akayena owokuqala ukuhlobanisa ukugebenga nenjabulo enkulu. Izigebengu eziningi ze-AI Lab nazo zizishaya isifuba ngezifundo ezilahliwe kanye namadigri aqede ingxenye yezibalo noma ubunjiniyela bukagesi - kuphela ngenxa yokuthi zonke izifiso zemfundo zazicwile enjabulweni yokuhlela. Bathi uThomas Aquinas, ngezifundo zakhe ezishisekayo zezemfundo, wazilethela embonweni nasemuzweni kaNkulunkulu. Abagebengu bafinyelele ezifundeni ezifanayo eduze kwenjabulo engakafiki ngemva kokugxila ezinqubweni ezibonakalayo amahora amaningi. Kungenzeka ukuthi yingakho uStallman kanye nabaduni abaningi begwema izidakamizwa - ngemuva kwamahora angamashumi amabili begebenga, babesengathi baphezulu.
Source: linux.org.ru