Isingeniso
Sawubona, izakhamuzi zaseKhabrovsk. Njengamanje bengixazulula umsebenzi wokuhlola isikhala se-QA Lead senkampani ye-fintech. Umsebenzi wokuqala, ukwakha uhlelo lokuhlola olunohlu lokuhlola oluphelele kanye nezibonelo zamacala okuhlola okuhlola igedlela likagesi, lungaxazululwa kancane:
Kunzima ukucabanga ngohlelo olungcono lokuhlola olunohlu lokuhlola oluphelele.
Kodwa ingxenye yesibili yaba umbuzo: “Ingabe zikhona izinkinga ezivamile kubo bonke abahloli ezibavimbela ukuba basebenze ngokuphumelelayo?”
Into yokuqala eyafika emqondweni kwakuwukubala zonke izinkinga eziphawuleka kakhulu noma ezingabonakali engahlangabezana nazo ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, ngikhiphe ukhula izinto ezincane, futhi ngifingqe ezinye. Kodwa ngabona ngokushesha ukuthi indlela yokufundisa yayizophendula umbuzo owawungasebenzi "kubo bonke", kodwa, okungcono kakhulu, kuphela "kuningi" lwabahloli. Ngakho-ke, nginqume ukusondela ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngokuzithoba, futhi yilokhu okwenzekile.
Izincazelo
Into yokuqala engivame ukuyenza lapho ngixazulula inkinga entsha ukuzama ukuqonda ukuthi imayelana nani, futhi ukwenza lokhu ngidinga ukuqonda incazelo yamagama ayishoyo. Amagama abalulekile okufanele uwaqonde yilawa alandelayo:
- inkinga
- umhloli
- umsebenzi womhloli
- ukusebenza kahle komhloli
Ake siphendukele ku-Wikipedia kanye nomqondo ovamile:
(isiGreki sasendulo πρόβλημα) ngomqondo obanzi - indaba eyinkimbinkimbi yethiyori noma ephathekayo edinga ukufundwa nokuxazululwa; kwisayensi - isimo esiphikisanayo esivela ngendlela yezikhundla eziphikisanayo ekuchazeni noma yiziphi izenzakalo, izinto, izinqubo futhi kudinga ithiyori eyanele ukuyixazulula; empilweni, inkinga ihlelwa ngendlela eqondakalayo kubantu: “Ngiyazi ukuthini, angazi kanjani,” okungukuthi, kuyaziwa ukuthi yini okufanele itholakale, kodwa akwaziwa ukuthi kwenziwa kanjani. . Ivela late. lat. inkinga, kusukela esiGrekini. πρόβλημα “ukujikijelwa phambili, kubekwe ngaphambili”; from προβάλλω “phonsela phambili, beka phambi kwakho; icala".
Akuwenzi umqondo omkhulu, empeleni, “inkinga” = “noma yini okudingeka kubhekwane nayo.”
- uchwepheshe (ngeke sihlukanise ngezinhlobo, njengoba sinentshisekelo kubo bonke abahloli) obamba iqhaza ekuhloleni ingxenye noma uhlelo, umphumela wawo:
- iqoqo lemisebenzi ehlobene nokuhlola.
(lat. effectivus) - ubudlelwano phakathi komphumela ozuziwe kanye nezinsiza ezisetshenzisiwe (: 2015).
- umphumela wochungechunge (uchungechunge) lwezenzo (umphumela) noma izehlakalo, ezivezwe ngekhwalithi noma ngobuningi. Imiphumela engaba khona ihlanganisa inzuzo, ukungalungi, ukuzuza, ukulahlekelwa, inani, kanye nokunqoba.
Njengokuthi “inkinga,” kunencazelo encane: okuthile okwaphuma ngenxa yomsebenzi.
- amathuba angakaleka ngokomthamo okwenza noma yimuphi umsebenzi womuntu noma wabantu; izimo ezivumela ukusebenzisa izinguquko ezithile ukuze uthole umphumela oyifunayo. Umhloli ngumuntu, futhi ngokuhambisana nethiyori yezinsiza ezibalulekile, umuntu ngamunye ungumnikazi wezimpahla ezine zezomnotho:
ukheshi (imali engenayo) iyinsiza evuselelekayo;
amandla (amandla okuphila) awumthombo ongavuseleleka kancane;
isikhathi siwumthombo ongashintshiwe futhi ongenakuvuselelwa;
ulwazi (ulwazi) luwumthombo ovuselelekayo, luyingxenye yabantu abangakhula futhi babhujiswe.
Ngingathanda ukuqaphela ukuthi incazelo yokusebenza kahle esimweni sethu ayilungile ngokuphelele, njengoba ulwazi oluningi esilusebenzisayo, luyancipha ukusebenza kahle. Ngakho-ke, ngingachaza kabusha ukusebenza kahle njengokuthi “isilinganiso phakathi kwemiphumela ezuziwe nezinsiza ezisetshenzisiwe.” Khona-ke konke kulungile: ulwazi aluchithwa ngesikhathi somsebenzi, kodwa lunciphisa izindleko zensiza yokuhlola kuphela engavuseleleki - isikhathi sakhe.
Isixazululo
Ngakho-ke, sibheke izinkinga zomhlaba zabahloli eziphazamisa ukusebenza kahle komsebenzi wabo.
Insiza ebaluleke kakhulu esetshenziswa emsebenzini womhloli yisikhathi sakhe (okunye kungancishiswa kuyo ngandlela thile), futhi ukuze sikhulume ngokubala okulungile kokusebenza kahle, umphumela kufanele futhi uncishiswe ube yisikhathi. .
Ukwenza lokhu, cabanga ngesistimu umhloli aqinisekisa ukusebenza kwayo ngomsebenzi wakhe. Isistimu enjalo iphrojekthi ithimba layo elihlanganisa umhloli. Umjikelezo wempilo yephrojekthi ungamelwa cishe yi-algorithm elandelayo:
- Ukusebenza Nezimfuneko
- Ukwakhiwa kokucaciswa kobuchwepheshe
- Ukuthuthukiswa
- Ukuhlola
- Khidela ekukhiqizeni
- Ukusekela (goto into 1)
Kulokhu, yonke iphrojekthi ingahlukaniswa ngokuphindaphindiwe ibe amaphrojekthi angaphansi (izici), ngomjikelezo wempilo ofanayo.
Ngokombono wephrojekthi, isikhathi esincane esichithwa kuyo, ukuqaliswa kwayo kuphumelela kakhulu.
Ngakho-ke, sifika encazelweni yokusebenza okuphezulu okungenzeka komhloli kusuka endaweni yokubuka iphrojekthi - lesi yisimo sephrojekthi lapho isikhathi sokuhlola singu-zero. Inkinga evamile yabo bonke abahloli ukungakwazi ukufeza lesi sikhathi.
Ungabhekana kanjani nalokhu?
Iziphetho zisobala futhi sezisetshenziswe abaningi isikhathi eside:
- Ukuthuthukiswa nokuhlolwa kufanele kuqale futhi kuphele cishe kanye kanye (lokhu kuvame ukwenziwa umnyango ). Inketho ekahle yilapho konke ukusebenza okwenziwayo sekuvele kuhlanganiswe ama-autotess ngesikhathi isilungile, kuhlelwe ngokuhlehla (futhi, uma kungenzeka, ukuzibophezela kwangaphambili) kusetshenziswa uhlobo oluthile lokuhlehla. .
- Uma iphrojekthi inezici eziningi (uma iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu), kuzodingeka ukuthi kusetshenziswe isikhathi esiningi kubhekwa ukuthi ukusebenza okusha akuwephuli yini endala. Ngakho-ke, lapho iphrojekthi iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, kudingeka i-automation eyengeziwe .
- Ngaso sonke isikhathi lapho sigeja isiphazamisi ekukhiqizeni futhi umsebenzisi esithola, kufanele sichithe isikhathi esengeziwe sidlula kumjikelezo wempilo yephrojekthi kusukela kuphuzu 1 (Ukusebenza nezimfuneko, kulokhu, abasebenzisi). Njengoba izizathu zokulahlekelwa isiphazamisi ngokuvamile zingaziwa, sisele nendlela eyodwa kuphela yokuthuthukisa - sonke isiphazamisi esitholwe abasebenzisi kufanele sifakwe ekuhlolweni kokuhlehla ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ngeke siphinde sivele.
Source: www.habr.com