Abantu baseGibhithe lasendulo babazi okuningi nge-vivisection futhi babekwazi ukuhlukanisa isibindi nezinso ngokuthinta. Ngokufaka ama-mummies kusukela ekuseni kuze kube kusihlwa futhi wenze ukuphulukisa (kusuka e-trephination kuya ekususeni izimila), nakanjani uzofunda ukuqonda i-anatomy.
Ingcebo yemininingwane ye-anatomical yayingaphezu kokuphazanyiswa ukudideka ekuqondeni ukusebenza kwezitho. Abapristi, odokotela nabantu abavamile babeka ingqondo enhliziyweni ngesibindi, futhi babela ubuchopho indima yokukhiqiza amafinyila emakhaleni.
Ngemuva kweminyaka eyizinkulungwane ezi-4, kunzima ukuzivumela ukuthi uhleke ama-fellahs kanye noFaro - amakhompyutha ethu nama-algorithms wokuqoqwa kwedatha abukeka epholile kunemiqulu ye-papyrus, futhi ubuchopho bethu lusakhiqiza ngendlela engaqondakali ukuthi ubani owaziyo.
Ngakho-ke kulesi sihloko kwakufanele sikhulume ngokuthi ama-algorithms okuqaphela imizwelo afinyelele isivinini se-mirror neurons ekuchazeni izimpawu ze-interlocutor, lapho kungazelelwe kuvela ukuthi amangqamuzana ezinzwa ayengewona ayebonakala.
Amaphutha Okwenza Izinqumo
Eseyingane, ingane ibheka ubuso babazali bayo futhi ifunda ukuzalanisa ukumomotheka, intukuthelo, ukuzanelisa kanye neminye imizwelo, ukuze kukho konke ukuphila kwayo ezimweni ezihlukene ikwazi ukumamatheka, ukuhwaqabala, ukuthukuthela - ncamashí nabathandekayo bayo. wenza.
Abacwaningi abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi ukulingisa imizwa kwakhiwe uhlelo lwe-mirror neurons. Nokho, abanye ososayensi bazwakalisa ukungabaza ngalo mbono: asikaqondi ukusebenza kwawo wonke amangqamuzana obuchopho.
Imodeli yokusebenza kobuchopho ime endaweni entekenteke yemibono ecatshangelwayo. Akungabazeki ngento eyodwa kuphela: "i-firmware" yendaba empunga kusukela ekuzalweni iqukethe izici nezimbungulu, noma, ngokunembile, izici ezithinta ukuziphatha.
I-Mirror neurons noma amanye ama-neuron anesibopho sokuphendula okulingisayo; lolu hlelo lusebenza kuphela ezingeni eliyisisekelo lokubona izinhloso nezenzo ezilula. Lokhu kwanele enganeni, kodwa kuncane kakhulu kumuntu omdala.
Siyazi ukuthi imizwa ngokuyinhloko incike okuhlangenwe nakho okuzuziwe komuntu kokusebenzelana nesiko lakubo. Akekho ozocabanga ukuthi uyi-psychopath, uma phakathi kwabantu abajabule umomotheka, uzwa ubuhlungu, ngoba ekuphileni komuntu omdala imizwa isetshenziswa njengendlela yokuzivumelanisa nezimo zokuphila.
Asazi ukuthi omunye umuntu ucabangani ngempela. Kulula ukwenza ukucabangela: uyamamatheka, kusho ukuthi uyazijabulisa. Ingqondo inekhono lokwakha izinqaba emoyeni wezithombe ezingaguquki zalokho okwenzekayo.
Umuntu kufanele azame kuphela ukunquma ukuthi ukuqagela okukhona kuhambisana kangakanani neqiniso, futhi umhlabathi onyakazayo wemibono uzoqala ukunyakaza: ukumamatheka kuwukudabuka, ukuhwaqabala kuyinjabulo, ukuvevezela kwamajwabu amehlo kuyinjabulo.
Udokotela wezifo zengqondo waseJalimane uFranz Karl Müller-Lyer ngo-1889 wabonisa inkohliso ye-geometric-optical ehambisana nokuhlanekezelwa kombono wemigqa nezibalo. Inkohliso ukuthi isegimenti efakwe amathiphu abheke ngaphandle ibonakala imfushane kunesegimenti efakwe umsila. Eqinisweni, ubude bazo zombili izingxenye buyafana.
Udokotela wezengqondo waphinde wadonsela ukunakekela eqinisweni lokuthi lowo ocabangela inkohliso, ngisho nangemva kokulinganisa imigqa nokulalela incazelo yesizinda sezinzwa zombono wesithombe, uyaqhubeka ecabangela umugqa owodwa omfushane kunomunye. Kuyathakazelisa futhi ukuthi le nkohliso ayibukeki ifana kuwo wonke umuntu - kukhona abantu abangenwa kalula kuyo.
Isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo uDaniel Kahneman ukuthi ingqondo yethu ehlaziya kancane iyalibona iqhinga lika-Müller-Lyer, kodwa ingxenye yesibili yengqondo, enesibopho se-cognitive reflex, ngokuzenzakalelayo futhi cishe isabela ngokushesha ekuphenduleni ugqozi oluvelayo, futhi yenza izahlulelo eziyiphutha.
Iphutha lokuqonda akulona nje iphutha. Umuntu angaqonda futhi avume ukuthi umuntu akanakwethemba amehlo akhe lapho ebuka i-optical illusion, kodwa ukuxhumana nabantu bangempela kufana nokuhamba nge-labyrinth eyinkimbinkimbi.
Emuva ngo-1906, isazi sezokuhlalisana kwabantu uWilliam Sumner samemezela ukuhlukahluka kokuzikhethela kwemvelo nokuzabalazela ukuphila, sidlulisela izimiso zokuba khona kwezilwane emphakathini wesintu. Ngokubona kwakhe, abantu abahlangene ngamaqembu baphakamisa iqembu labo ngokwenqaba ukuhlaziya amaqiniso asongela ubuqotho bomphakathi.
Isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo uRichard Nisbett "Ukutshela okungaphezu kwalokho esingakwazi: Imibiko yamazwi ngezinqubo zengqondo" ibonisa ukungabaza kwabantu ukukholelwa izibalo kanye nolunye ulwazi olwamukelwa ngokuvamile olungavumelani nezinkolelo zabo ezikhona.
Umlingo wezinombolo ezinkulu
Buka le vidiyo futhi ubuke ukuthi isimo sobuso somlingisi sishintsha kanjani.
Ingqondo ngokushesha "ibhala" futhi yenza ukucabanga phambi kwedatha enganele, okuholela emiphumeleni eyindida, ebonakalayo ngokucacile esibonelweni sokuhlolwa okwenziwa umqondisi uLev Kuleshov.
Ngo-1929, wathatha i-close-ups yomlingisi, ipuleti eligcwele isobho, ingane ebhokisini, nentombazane encane esofeni. Khona-ke ifilimu enomfanekiso womlingisi yasikwa izingxenye ezintathu futhi yanamathiselwa ngokuhlukana namafreyimu abonisa ipuleti lesobho, ingane nentombazane.
Ngokuzimela komunye nomunye, ababukeli bafinyelela esiphethweni sokuthi esiqeshini sokuqala iqhawe lilambile, kwesibili lidabukile ngokushona kwengane, okwesithathu lithathelwe intombazane elele kusofa.
Eqinisweni, isimo sobuso somdlali asishintshi kuzo zonke izimo.
Futhi uma ubona amafreyimu ayikhulu, ingabe iqhinga lingadalulwa?
Ngokusekelwe kudatha ekuthembekeni kwezibalo zeqiniso lokuziphatha okungasho lutho emaqenjini amakhulu abantu, isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo uPaul Ekman ithuluzi eliphelele lokulinganisa inhloso yokunyakaza kobuso - "uhlelo lokubhala ikhodi lokunyakaza kobuso".
Unombono wokuthi amanethiwekhi okwenziwa kwe-neural angasetshenziswa ukuhlaziya ngokuzenzakalela isimo sobuso babantu. Naphezu kokugxekwa okungathi sína (uhlelo lwezokuphepha lwesikhumulo sezindiza sika-Ekman izilingo ezilawulwayo), kunohlamvu lomqondo ojwayelekile kulezi zimpikiswano.
Uma ebheka umuntu oyedwa omomothekayo, umuntu angase acabange ukuthi uyakhohlisa futhi empeleni ungenzi lutho. Kodwa uma wena (noma ikhamera) ubona abantu abayikhulu bemamatheka, kungenzeka ukuthi iningi labo liyajabulisa—njengokubukela usomahlaya oshisayo edlala.
Esibonelweni senani elikhulu, akubalulekile ukuthi abanye abantu bakwazi ukuphatha imizwa ngobuhlakani kangangokuthi ngisho noProfesa Ekman angakhohliswa. Ngokwamazwi kachwepheshe wezingozi uNassim Taleb, ukungathembeki kwesistimu kukhula kakhulu uma isihloko sokugadwa kuyikhamera ebandayo, engachemile.
Yebo, asazi ukuthi singawabona kanjani amanga ngobuso - ngobuhlakani bokwenziwa noma ngaphandle kwabo. Kodwa siqonda kahle ukuthi singanquma kanjani izinga lenjabulo kubantu abayikhulu noma ngaphezulu.
Ukuqashelwa kwemizwa kwebhizinisi
Indlela elula yokunquma imizwa evela esithombeni sobuso isekelwe ekuhlukaniseni amaphuzu abalulekile, izixhumanisi ezingatholakala kusetshenziswa ama-algorithms ahlukahlukene. Ngokuvamile amaphuzu amaningana amakiwe, awaxhumanisa nendawo yamashiya, amehlo, izindebe, ikhala, umhlathi, okuvumela ukuthi uthwebule isimo sobuso.
Ukuhlola okungemuva kwemizwa kusetshenziswa ama-algorithms omshini kakade kusiza abathengisi ukuthi bahlanganise ku-inthanethi kokungaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi ngangokunokwenzeka. Ubuchwepheshe bukuvumela ukuthi uhlole ukusebenza kahle kwemikhankaso yokukhangisa nokumaketha, unqume ikhwalithi yesevisi yamakhasimende kanye nesevisi, futhi uhlonze ukuziphatha okungavamile kwabantu.
Usebenzisa ama-algorithms, ungakwazi ukulandelela isimo semizwa sabasebenzi ehhovisi (ihhovisi elinabantu abadabukile liyihhovisi lokugqugquzelwa okubuthakathaka, ukudangala nokubola) kanye “nenkomba yenjabulo” yabasebenzi namakhasimende ekungeneni nasekuphumeni.
I-Alfa-Bank emagatsheni amaningana iphrojekthi yokuhlola ukuhlaziya imizwa yekhasimende ngesikhathi sangempela. Ama-algorithms akha inkomba ebalulekile yokwaneliseka kwamakhasimende, ahlonze izitayela ezinguqukweni zombono ongokomzwelo wokuvakashela igatsha, futhi anikeze ukuhlolwa okuphelele kokuvakasha.
KwaMicrosoft mayelana nokuhlola uhlelo lokuhlaziya isimo semizwa sezibukeli ebhayisikobho (ukuhlola okuhlosiwe kwekhwalithi yefilimu ngesikhathi sangempela), kanye nokunquma owinile ekuqokweni kwesihloko esithi “Audience Award” emqhudelwaneni we-Imagine Cup (the ukunqoba kuzuzwe iqembu okudlala kwalo izethameli zisabele kahle kukho) .
Konke lokhu okungenhla kumane kuyisiqalo senkathi entsha ngokuphelele. ENorth Carolina State University, ngenkathi benza izifundo zemfundo, ubuso babafundi bathwetshulwa ikhamera, ividiyo evela kuyo uhlelo lokubona ngekhompyutha olubona imizwa. Ngokusekelwe kudatha etholiwe, othisha balungise isu lokufundisa.
Enkambweni yemfundo, ngokuvamile, ukunakwa okwanele kukhokhwa ekuhlolweni kwemizwelo. Kodwa ungakwazi ukuhlola ikhwalithi yokufundisa, ukuzibandakanya kwabafundi, ukuhlonza imizwa engemihle, futhi uhlele inqubo yemfundo ngokusekelwe olwazini olutholiwe.
Ukuqashelwa Ubuso Ividiyon: izibalo zabantu kanye nemizwa
Manje umbiko wemizwa usuvele ohlelweni lwethu.
Inkambu ehlukile ethi “Imizwa” ivele emakhadini omcimbi wokutholwa kobuso, futhi kuthebhu ethi “Imibiko” esigabeni esithi “Ubuso” uhlobo olusha lwemibiko luyatholakala - ngehora nasemini:
Kungenzeka ukulanda idatha yomthombo yakho konke ukutholwa futhi ukhiqize imibiko yakho ngokusekelwe kukho.
Kuze kube muva nje, zonke izinhlelo zokuqaphela imizwa bezisebenza ezingeni lamaphrojekthi okuhlola ahlolwe ngokuqapha. Izindleko zabashayeli bezindiza abanjalo zaziphezulu kakhulu.
Sifuna ukwenza izibalo zibe yingxenye yezwe elijwayelekile lezinsizakalo namadivayisi, ngakho kusukela namuhla “imizwa” iyatholakala kuwo wonke amaklayenti e-Ivideon. Asethuli uhlelo olukhethekile lwentela, asihlinzeki ngamakhamera akhethekile, futhi senza konke okusemandleni ethu ukuqeda yonke imigoqo engenzeka. Izintela zihlala zingashintshile; noma ubani angaxhuma ukuhlaziya imizwa kanye nokubonwa kobuso ngama-ruble ayi-1. ngenyanga.
Isevisi yethulwa ku umsebenzisi. Futhi kuqhubeke siqoqe amaqiniso athakazelisayo nakakhulu mayelana nesistimu yokuqaphela ubuso ye-Ivideon.
Source: www.habr.com