Kungani sithanda umjaho wezimoto? Ngokungabikezeli kwabo, umzabalazo oshubile wabalingiswa babashayeli bezindiza, isivinini esikhulu kanye nokuphindisela okusheshayo ngephutha elincane. Isici somuntu emjahweni sisho lukhulu. Kodwa kwenzekani uma abantu bethathelwa indawo isoftware? Abahleli beFormula E kanye nesikhwama sebhizinisi saseBrithani iKinetik, esakhiwe yisikhulu saseRussia uDenis Sverdlov, bayaqiniseka ukuthi okuthile okukhethekile kuzovela. Futhi banazo zonke izizathu zokusho kanjalo.
Funda kabanzi mayelana ne-AI-powered electric car racing kwenye indatshana evela ku-Cloud4Y.
Isihloko somjaho wezimoto ezishayelayo saqala ukudingidwa kakhulu ngo-2015 ngenxa yempumelelo yeFormula E. Ngaphakathi kohlaka lwalolu chungechunge lwemijaho, izimoto zikagesi kuphela ezivunyelwe ukusetshenziswa. Kodwa izinkampani zanquma ukuqhubekela phambili, zibeka phambili imfuneko yokuzimela kwamabhola omlilo. Umgomo wabo ukukhombisa amathuba e-AI namarobhothi kwezemidlalo, kanye nokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe obusha.
Umqondo wokubamba ubuqhawe ngokubamba iqhaza kwezimoto zikagesi ezizimele wasekelwa inkampani (enye yezigaba zayo yiklayenti , yingakho sinqume ukubhala lesi sihloko). Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kwanqunywa ukuthi wonke amaqembu azosebenzisa i-chassis efanayo kanye nokudluliselwa.
Lindani?
Kuvela ukuthi imoto ngayinye izoba nezici ezifanayo futhi ayikho imininingwane eyengeziwe? Liyini iphuzu likaRoborace ke?
Uzungu alikho ezicini zobuchwepheshe, kodwa kuma-algorithms okunyakaza kwemoto eduze kwethrekhi. Amaqembu kuzomele azenzele awawo ama-algorithm esikhathi sangempela wekhompuyutha kanye nobuchwepheshe bobuhlakani bokwenziwa. Okusho ukuthi, imizamo eyinhloko izoqondiswa ekwakhiweni kwesofthiwe ezonquma ukuziphatha kwemoto yomjaho emzileni.
Eqinisweni, uhlelo lokusebenza lweqembu leRoborace aluhlukile kakhulu kunelo lendabuko "lomuntu". Abamane baqeqeshe umshayeli wendiza, kodwa ubuhlakani bokwenziwa. Kuyathakazelisa ikakhulukazi ukubona ukuthi amaqembu azobhekana kanjani nesimo sezulu esibi futhi afunde ukugwema ukungqubuzana. Isici sokugcina sibalulekile ikakhulukazi ekukhanyeni kwenhlekelele yakamuva no-Antoine Hubert. Ngokwethiyori, ubuchwepheshe bokuqondisa "abahlakaniphile" bungadluliselwa kumabhola omlilo alawulwa umuntu.
Umjaho weRoborace
Ukugijima kokuhlolwa kwe-Roborace okuhlelelwe isizini ka-2016-2017 kudingeke ukuthi kuhlehliswe ngenxa yobuchwepheshe obungaphelele. Ku-Paris ePrix ngasekuqaleni kuka-2017, abathuthukisi baqale bakhiphe i-RoboCar prototype esebenzayo ethrekhi, bese imoto ihamba kancane kunomuntu ohamba ngezinyawo. Futhi ngasekupheleni konyaka, njengengxenye yephrojekthi ye-Roborace, ngaphambi kwemijaho ye-Formula E, imibukiso eminingi yezimoto ze-DevBot yabanjwa.
Umjaho wokuqala, lapho izimoto ezimbili ezinganamuntu zibambe iqhaza, ububanjelwe e-Buenos Aires futhi waphetha ngengozi lapho indiza “yokubamba” ingena ejikeni ngokucijile, yandiza yaphuma emzileni yashayisa uthango.
Kube nesinye isigameko esihlekisayo: inja yagijima yangena emzileni. Nokho, imoto ewinile yakwazi ukumbona, futhi uzungeze. Lo mjaho usuvele usukhona ngoHabr. Kodwa-ke, ukwehluleka kwabathukuthelisa abathuthukisi kuphela: basanquma ukubamba ubuqhawe bokuqala bezimoto zokugijima ezingenamuntu - iRoborace Season Alpha.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi umehluko ngesikhathi sokuhamba komzila phakathi komuntu ne-AI ngu-10-20%, futhi wuhlelo olusalela ngemuva. Okunye kwalokhu kuhlobene nezokuphepha. Amasekhethi e-Formula E anezithiyo zikakhonkolo eziqondisa abashayeli bezindiza nama-lidar. Kodwa umuntu angazifaka engozini futhi adlule eduze kwazo uma eyizwa kahle imoto. I-AI ayikakakwazi ukwenza lokho okwamanje. Uma izibalo zekhompyutha zibonakala zingalungile ngisho nangesentimitha, imoto izondiza isuke emzileni bese ishaya isondo.
Yini ehlelwa ngabahleli. Ngaphakathi kohlaka lomqhudelwano, izigaba eziyi-10 zizobanjwa emigwaqweni efanayo neye-Formula E. Kufanele okungenani kube namaqembu ayi-9 abambe iqhaza emijahweni, elilodwa lawo elizobe ligcwele abantu. Iqembu ngalinye lizoba nezimoto ezimbili (ezifanayo, njengoba ukhumbula). Isikhathi somjaho sizoba cishe ihora elingu-1.
Yini manje. Kuze kube manje, amaqembu amathathu aselungele ukugijima: Ukufika, i-Technical University yaseMunich kanye neYunivesithi yasePisa. Ngolunye usuku kanye ne-Graz University of Technology. Imicimbi ayisakazwa bukhoma, kodwa iyarekhodwa futhi ishicilelwe ku-YouTube njengeziqephu ezimfushane. Ezinye zishicilelwa ku .
Izimoto eRoborace
Ngokuqinisekile uyazibuza ukuthi ubani oqhamuke nomklamo wezimoto zikagesi ezizimele futhi yiziphi izici zabo zobuchwepheshe. Siphendula ngokulandelana. Inhloso yokuqala emhlabeni ukwakha imoto yomjaho ezimele, iRoboCar, yaklanywa uDaniel Simon, umklami owaqala umsebenzi wakhe embusweni wakwaVolkswagen osebenzela i-Audi, Bentley neBugatti. Kule minyaka eyishumi edlule ubeyedwa, eklama iziteshi zezimoto zeFormula 1 futhi esebenza njengomeluleki wakwaDisney. Cishe uwubonile umsebenzi wakhe: USimon waklama izimoto zamafilimu afana ne-Prometheus, uCaptain America, i-Oblivion, ne-Tron: Legacy.
I-chassis ithole isimo esicishe sibe yi-teardrop, esithuthukise ukusebenza kahle kwe-aerodynamic yemoto. Imoto inesisindo esingaba ngu-1350 kg, ubude bayo bungu-4,8 m, ububanzi buyi-2 m. Ifakwe ama-motor kagesi amane angu-135 kW akhiqiza ngaphezu kuka-500 hp, futhi isebenzisa ibhethri engu-840 V. Amasistimu optical, ama-radar, ama-lidar kanye ne-ultrasonic izinzwa. I-RoboCar igijima ifinyelele cishe ku-300 km/h.
Kamuva, ngesisekelo sale moto, kwasungulwa entsha, ebizwa ngokuthi "DevBot". Yayinamabhulokhi angaphakathi afanayo (amabhethri, injini, izinto zikagesi) njenge-RoboCar, kodwa yayisekelwe ku-chassis ye-Ginetta LMP3.
Imoto yeDevBot 2.0 nayo yadalwa. Isebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obufanayo ne-RoboCar/DevBot, futhi izinguquko ezinkulu zihambisa idrayivu ku-axle yangemuva kuphela, indawo yokushayela ephansi ngenxa yezizathu zokuphepha, kanye nomzimba ohlukanisiwe ngokwezifiso.
“Yima, yima, yima,” usho. “Sikhuluma ngezimoto ezizimele. Uvelaphi umshayeli wendiza? Yebo, enye yezinhlobo ze-DevBot inikeza indawo yomuntu, kodwa zombili izimoto zizimele ngokuphelele, ngakho zingakwazi ukuhamba ngethrekhi ngaphandle kwakhe. Okwamanje, izimoto ze-DevBot 2.0 zibambe iqhaza emijahweni. Bayakwazi ukusheshisa ukufika ku-320 km / h futhi banenjini enhle kakhulu enamandla angu-300 kilowatts. Ngokuzulazula nokuma kuthrekhi, i-DevBot 2.0 ngayinye ithole ama-lidar angu-5, ama-radar angu-2, izinzwa ze-ultrasonic ezingu-18, isistimu yokuzulazula yesathelayithi ye-GNSS, amakhamera ayi-6, izinzwa zejubane ezi-2 zokukhanya. Ubukhulu bemoto abukashintshi, kodwa isisindo sehle safinyelela ku-975 kilogram.
Iphrosesa engu-2 ye-teraflops ye-Nvidia Drive PX8 inesibopho sokucutshungulwa kwedatha nokushayela. Singasho ukuthi lokhu kulingana nama-laptops angu-160. UBryn Balcomb, umqondisi wezokuthuthukiswa kwamasu (CSO) uRoborace, uphawule esinye isici sobuchwepheshe esithakazelisayo somshini: uhlelo lwe-GNSS, okuyi-fiber-optic gyroscope. Inembile kangangokuthi ngisho namasosha angase abe nesithakazelo. Ngoba ubuchwepheshe bokuqondisa i-fireball bufana ngendlela emangalisayo nesistimu yokuqondisa imicibisholo. Singasho ukuthi i-DevBot iyirokhethi elizimele elinamasondo.
Kwenzakalani manje
Umjaho wokuqala we-Roborace Season Alpha wenzeke kwisekethe yaseMonteblanco. Amaqembu amabili ahlangana lapho - iqembu elivela e-Technical University yaseMunich kanye neTeam Arrival. Umjaho ubuhlanganisa imizuliswano engu-8 emzileni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwabekwa imingcele ekudluleleni kanye nasekuqondiseni ukuze kwehliswe ubungozi bezingozi nokuhlola ama-algorithms e-AI. Lo mjaho ubukade kuhwalala ukuze ubukeke ngendlela yekusasa nemibalabala.
Ukuphothulwa ngempumelelo kwalo mjaho kumenyezelwe uLucas di Grassi, umshayeli we-Audi Sport ABT Formula E kanye nomshayeli weqembu le-Virgin F1, ophinde abe yi-CEO ye-Roborace. Ngokubona kwakhe, izimoto ezingenamuntu zizodala ukuncintisana okwengeziwe emkhakheni wokugijima. “Akekho ozothi uDeep Blue wehlule uGarry Kasparov sabe sesiphelelwa yintshisekelo emidlalweni yechess. Abantu bayohlale beqhudelana. Sithuthukisa ubuchwepheshe nje,” kusho u-di Grassi.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi abanye abathuthukisi ababa nesandla ekwakhiweni kweRoborace bayavuma ukuthi kungenzeka "ukudlulisa ubuntu" babagijimi abadumile be-F-1 ku-AI. Ngamanye amazwi, uma ulayisha zonke izinhlanga ngokubamba iqhaza komshayeli oyedwa noma omunye ku-database, ungaphinda udale isitayela sakhe sokushayela. Futhi uwudlale emjahweni. Yebo, lokhu kungase kudinge amandla engeziwe, ikhompyutha yamafu amade, izivivinyo eziningi. Kodwa ekugcineni, uMichael Schumacher, u-Ayrton Senna, u-Alain Prost noNiki Lauda bazohlangana emzileni ofanayo. Ungakwazi futhi ukwengeza uJuan Pablo Montoya, u-Eddie Irvine, u-Emerson Fittipaldi, uNelson Piquet kubo. Bengizoyibuka. Nawe?
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Bhalisela yethu -isiteshi, ukuze ungaphuthelwa yisihloko esilandelayo! Asibhali ngaphezu kokuphindwe kabili ngesonto futhi ngebhizinisi kuphela.
Source: www.habr.com