UHuawei ngokubambisana nabacwaningi abavela e-University College London Iphrothokholi yenethiwekhi ENTSHA ye-IP, ecabangela ukuthambekela kokuthuthukiswa kwamadivayisi ezokuxhumana esikhathi esizayo kanye nokuba khona kwendawo yonke kwamadivayisi we-inthanethi Yezinto, amasistimu angokoqobo okungathandwa kwabathelisi esikubona kanye nokuxhumana kwe-holographic. Iphrojekthi iqale ibekwe njengeyamazwe ngamazwe, lapho noma yibaphi abacwaningi nezinkampani ezinentshisekelo zingabamba iqhaza. ukuthi umthetho olandelwayo omusha uthunyelwe ukuze ucutshungulwe kwi-International Telecommunication Union (), kodwa ngeke ilungele ukuhlolwa kuze kube ngu-2021.
Iphrothokholi ENTSHA ye-IP ihlinzeka ngezindlela ezisebenza kahle kakhulu zokubhekana nokuphatha ithrafikhi, futhi iphinde ixazulule inkinga yokuhlela ukusebenzisana kwezinhlobo ezahlukene zamanethiwekhi kumongo wokwanda kokuhlukana kwenethiwekhi yomhlaba. Inkinga yokushintshisana ngolwazi phakathi kwamanethiwekhi ahlukahlukene, njengamanethiwekhi e-inthanethi Yezinto, izimboni, amanethiwekhi weselula nesethelayithi, angase asebenzise izitaki zawo zephrothokholi, iya ngokuya iphuthuma.
Isibonelo, kumanethiwekhi e-IoT kuyinto efiselekayo ukusebenzisa amakheli amafushane ukuze kugcinwe inkumbulo nezinsiza, amanethiwekhi ezimboni ngokuvamile asusa i-IP ukuze kwandiswe ukusebenza kahle kokushintshaniswa kwedatha, amanethiwekhi wesathelayithi awakwazi ukusebenzisa ikheli elingaguquki ngenxa yokuhamba njalo kwamanodi. Bazozama ukuxazulula izinkinga kancane besebenzisa umthetho olandelwayo (IPv6 phezu kwamandla aphansi Wireless Personal Area Networks), kodwa ngaphandle kwamakheli ashukumisayo, ayisebenzi ngendlela esingathanda ngayo.
Inkinga yesibili exazululwe ku-IP ENTSHA ukuthi i-IP igxile ekukhombeni izinto ezibonakalayo ngokuhlobene nendawo yazo, futhi ayiklanyelwe ukukhomba izinto ezibonakalayo, njengokuqukethwe namasevisi. Ukuze uthole izinsiza ezifingqiwe ezivela kumakheli e-IP, kuhlongozwa izindlela ezihlukahlukene zokuhlela, ezifaka inkimbinkimbi kuphela futhi zidale izinsongo ezengeziwe kubumfihlo. Izakhiwo ze-ICN ziyathuthuka njengesixazululo sokuthuthukisa ukulethwa kokuqukethwe (), njenge-NDN () kanye ne-MobilityFirst, ephakamisa ukusetshenziswa kwekheli le-hierarchical, elingaxazululi inkinga yokuqukethwe kweselula (okuguquguqukayo) okufinyelelekayo, ukudala umthwalo owengeziwe kuma-routers, noma ungavumeli ukusungula ukuxhumana kokuphela nokuphela phakathi kwabasebenzisi beselula.
Inkinga yesithathu i-IP ENTSHA eklanyelwe ukuyixazulula ukuphatha ikhwalithi yesevisi ecolisekile. Izinhlelo zokuxhumana ezisebenzayo zesikhathi esizayo zizodinga izindlela zokulawula umkhawulokudonsa oguquguqukayo, ezidinga amasu okucubungula ahlukene kumongo wamaphakethe enethiwekhi ngayinye.
Izici ezintathu ezibalulekile ze-IP ENTSHA ziphawuliwe:
- Amakheli e-IP anobude obuhlukahlukene, asiza ukuhlelwa kokushintshisana kwedatha phakathi kwezinhlobo ezahlukene zamanethiwekhi (isibonelo, amakheli amafushane angasetshenziswa ukuze kusetshenziswe amadivayisi we-inthanethi Yezinto kunethiwekhi yasekhaya, futhi amakheli amade angasetshenziswa ukufinyelela izinsiza zomhlaba jikelele). Akudingekile ukucacisa ikheli lomthombo noma ikheli lendawo (isibonelo, ukulondoloza izinsiza lapho uthumela idatha kusuka kunzwa).
- Kungenzeka ukuchaza i-semantics ehlukene yamakheli. Isibonelo, ngaphezu kwefomethi yakudala ye-IPv4/IPv6, ungasebenzisa izihlonzi zesevisi ezihlukile esikhundleni sekheli. Lezi zihlonzi zihlinzeka ngokubophezela ezingeni lamaphrosesa namasevisi, ngaphandle kokuboshelwa endaweni ethile yamaseva namadivayisi. Ama-ID wesevisi akuvumela ukuthi udlule i-DNS futhi uhambise isicelo kusibambi esiseduze esifana ne-ID eshiwo. Isibonelo, izinzwa ezisendlini ehlakaniphile zingathumela izibalo kusevisi ethile ngaphandle kokunquma ikheli layo ngomqondo wakudala. Kokubili okungokwenyama (amakhompyutha, ama-smartphone, izinzwa) kanye nezinto ezibonakalayo (okuqukethwe, izinsizakalo) kungabhekwana nazo.
Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-IPv4/IPv6, mayelana nokufinyelela kwezinsizakalo, i-IP ENTSHA inezinzuzo ezilandelayo: Ukwenziwa kwesicelo esisheshayo ngenxa yokufinyelela okuqondile ekhelini lesevisi ngaphandle kokulinda ukuthi ikheli linqunywe ku-DNS. Ukusekelwa kokusatshalaliswa okuguquguqukayo kwezinsizakalo nokuqukethwe - idatha yamakheli e-IP ENTSHA esekelwe esimisweni sokuthi “lokho okudingekayo” hhayi “lapho ungayithola khona”, ehluke kakhulu emzileni we-IP, osekelwe olwazini lwendawo ngqo ( Ikheli le-IP) lesisetshenziswa. Ukwakha amanethiwekhi ngeso olwazini olumayelana nezinsizakalo, olucatshangelwa lapho kubalwa amathebula omzila.
- Ikhono lokuchaza izinkambu ezingafanele kunhlokweni yephakethe le-IP. Unhlokweni uvumela okunamathiselwe kwezihlonzi zomsebenzi (i-FID, i-ID Yomsebenzi), esetshenziselwa ukucubungula okuqukethwe kwephakheji, kanye nemethadatha ehlotshaniswa nemisebenzi (MDI - Metadata Index kanye ne-MD - Metadata). Isibonelo, imethadatha ingase ichaze izidingo zekhwalithi yesevisi ukuze kuthi lapho ikhuluma ngohlobo lwesevisi, isibambi esihlinzeka ngobuningi bokusebenza sizokhethwa.
Izibonelo zemisebenzi ebophezelekayo zifaka phakathi ukukhawulela umnqamulajuqu wokudlulisa iphakethe kanye nokunquma umkhawulo kasayizi womugqa ngesikhathi sokudlulisela. Lapho icubungula iphakethe, i-router izosebenzisa imethadatha yayo ngomsebenzi ngamunye - kulezi zibonelo ezingenhla, ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana nomnqamulajuqu wokulethwa kwephakethe noma ubude obuvumelekile bomugqa wenethiwekhi buzodluliselwa kumethadatha.
Ulwazi olusatshalaliswe kwabezindaba mayelana namakhono akhelwe ngaphakathi ahlinzeka ngokuvinjwa kwezinsiza, akhuthaze ukungadalulwa futhi ethule ukuqinisekiswa okuyisibopho, ngendlela efinyelelekayo. akukhulunywa ngakho futhi kubonakala kuwukuqagela. Ngobuchwepheshe, i-IP ENTSHA inikeza kuphela ukuguquguquka okwengeziwe ekudaleni izandiso, ukusekelwa okunqunywa umzila kanye nabakhiqizi besofthiwe. Kumongo wekhono lokushintsha i-IP ukuze idlule ukuvinjwa, ukuvinjwa ngesihlonzi sesevisi kungafaniswa nokuvimba igama lesizinda ku-DNS.
Source: opennet.ru