- Izinqubo ezintsha zobuchwepheshe zizoqala ukusetshenziswa ekukhiqizweni kwemikhiqizo yeseva.
- I-GPU ye-2021 discrete izohluka ngezindlela eziningi: ukusetshenziswa kwe-EUV lithography, isakhiwo sendawo esinama-chips amaningi, kanye nolwazi lokuqala lwe-Intel ngokukhipha umkhiqizo we-serial usebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-7nm.
- I-Intel ayililahli ithemba lokuthola ubuchwepheshe be-5nm.
- Ngemuva kokufunda ubuchwepheshe be-7nm, imali engenayo yabatshalizimali kanye nenkampani ngokwayo kufanele ikhule.
Emcimbini wabatshalizimali be-Intel, kwathiwa umkhiqizo wokuqala we-7nm uzoba yi-GPU yokusebenzisa iseva, ezokhishwa ngo-2021. Ngaphambi kwalokhu, iprosesa yehluzo ye-2020nm izokhishwa ngo-10, ububanzi lapho inkampani ingacacisi. Ngeke kukhishwe ukuthi kuzobe kuwumdlalo ngoba le nhlangano isimemezele ukuthi kunezinhlelo ezinjena izinyanga eziningi zilandelana ngawo wonke amathuba.
Ukuqala ukwazi inqubo entsha yobuchwepheshe ngomkhiqizo ongajwayelekile kakhulu kuyisinyathelo esinesibindi, futhi umbuzo ohambisana nawo udide abahlaziyi bezimboni abebehambele umcimbi we-Intel. U-Venkata Renduchintala, owengamele umnyango wokuthuthukiswa konjiniyela enkampanini, kwadingeka aphendule lo mbuzo ekupheleni kweseshini yemibuzo nezimpendulo.
Wachaza ukuthi ama-GPU awuhlobo lomkhiqizo oluyingozi kakhulu lapho ushintshela kubuchwepheshe obusha be-lithography, njengoba ukwakheka kwawo kwekristalu okune-homogeneous namabhulokhi amaningi angasasebenzi kuvumela ukuqedwa kwezindawo ezinesici ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ukusebenza kwayo yonke iprosesa. Ngamanye amazwi, izinga lokukhubazeka ekukhiqizweni kwe-GPU lizoba phansi, futhi lokhu kuzozuzisa ngqo izindleko zenkampani.
Ingxenye yeseva izoba inkundla yokuhlola izinqubo ezintsha zobuchwepheshe
Ukuphawula kuka-Navin Shenoy, obhekele ukuthuthukiswa kwebhizinisi leseva ye-Intel, esihlokweni esifanayo bekungathandeki kangako. Uvumile ukuthi muva nje i-Intel inqume ukukhulula imikhiqizo yeseva kuqala lapho ibamba amazinga amasha e-lithographic. Lokhu kuzokwenzeka nge-7nm GPU yokuqala, ezokhishwa ngo-2021. Izothola uhlelo lokusebenza kuma-accelerator ekhompyutha amaseva.
Umkhiqizo olandelayo we-7nm, ngokusho kukaShenoy, uyiphrosesa emaphakathi yengxenye yeseva. Ummeleli we-Intel akazange athembise ukuyiqamba igama, kodwa singacabanga ukuthi sikhuluma ngamaphrosesa omndeni wakwaSapphire Rapids, azokhululwa ngo-2021.
Nokho, kufanele kuphawulwe okubalulekile kulomcabango. Ngenkathi isikhulu se-Intel uRobert Swan sikhuluma ngokuguqukela kubuchwepheshe benqubo ye-7nm, wagcizelela ukuthi ukukhiqizwa ngobuningi bemikhiqizo kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe be-7nm kuzoqalwa kuphela ngo-2022. Kulokhu, ozongena esikhundleni seSapphire Rapids, okukhulunywe ngaye ngaphambilini ngaphansi kwegama elithi Granite Rapids, angafuna indima yephrosesa yeseva ehambisanayo. Okungenani lowo bekuwumqondo wezinhlelo ze-Intel ngonyaka odlule.
Kulula ukuqonda ukuthi kungani i-Intel ilwela ukudlulisa imikhiqizo yeseva kuqala kuzinqubo ezintsha zobuchwepheshe. Kukulesi sigaba lapho inkampani izama ukukhulisa ngenkuthalo imali engenayo kanye nokufakwa kwemakethe, futhi inqubo entsha yezobuchwepheshe ivumela ukuthi inciphise izindleko esikhathini esimaphakathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Intel ngokomlando yayinamakristalu amakhulu kunawo wonke engxenyeni yeseva, futhi ngisho nangemva kokushintshela ku-multi-chip layout kanye ne-Foveros, isimo esihlobene ngeke sishintshe.
Endabeni yeprosesa yehluzo lapho ubuchwepheshe benqubo ye-7nm buzohlolwa khona, kuyadingeka futhi ukucabangela izici zesakhiwo sayo. Njengoba abamele inkampani sebephawulile, izoqukatha amakristalu ahlukene ahlanganiswe emaphaketheni e-Foveros. Kulula ukukhipha amakristalu ngamanye uma kutholwa amaphutha kuwo. Cishe, engxenyeni yedeskithophu, iprosesa yokuqala ye-Intel ye-10nm izoncishwa izinzuzo ezinjalo zokupakisha, ngoba manje zinomthelela omubi ezindlekweni zokugcina zomkhiqizo. Esigabeni seseva, imajini iphakeme, futhi imibono yokuthuthukisa ukwakheka ingasetshenziswa.
Amathemba enhlalakahleni yezezimali I-Intel ihlotshaniswa nenkathi ngemuva kokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe benqubo ye-7-nm
URobert Swan ugcizelele ukuthi lapho efunda ubuchwepheshe be-7-nm, inkampani izozama ukungaphindi amaphutha enziwe ngesikhathi sokulungiselela ukushintshela kubuchwepheshe benqubo ye-10-nm. Izindleko zokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe be-7-nm kuzodingeka zenziwe esimweni sokuqinisa isiyalo sezezimali kanye nokuhlelwa kabusha okukhulu kwenkampani, enkulu kunazo zonke emlandweni wokuba khona kwayo. Kodwa-ke, lapho kusungulwa ukukhiqizwa ngobuningi bemikhiqizo ye-7-nm, i-Intel ilindele ukuthuthukisa izinkomba zayo zokusebenza kwezezimali. Ngemuva kuka-2022, lapho imikhiqizo engu-7nm iqala ukuthunyelwa ngamanani amakhulu, inkampani ilindele ukuthuthukisa umholo wayo ngesheya ngalinye. Ukwandiswa komkhiqizo we-Intel ka-7nm kuthembisa ukuthi kuzoba okushesha kakhulu emlandweni wenkampani, abaphathi batshela abatshalizimali.
Lapho uVenkata Renduchintala ebuzwa ukuthi ukhathazekile yini ngokusalela kwe-Intel ngemuva kwembangi yakhe eseduze kakhulu i-TSMC, ezokwethula ubuchwepheshe be-2021nm ngo-5, ummeleli wenkampani yangaphambili washo ngomoya ophansi ukuthi okubalulekile ikhono le-Intel lokukhulula imikhiqizo ehleliwe ngesikhathi, hhayi umjaho wezinqubo zobuchwepheshe ezithuthukisiwe ngokwakhe.
Enkulumweni yenhloko ye-Intel, kukhulunywe ngezinhloso zokuba ingcweti yenqubo yezobuchwepheshe ye-5nm, ngaphandle kokubhekisela enkathini yekhalenda ethile. Ngokusobala, ngeke sibone imikhiqizo ye-Intel ye-2023nm ngaphambi kuka-2024-5. Indaba yokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe be-10nm ibonise ukuthi ukuhlela isikhathi eside kangaka kuyingozi.
Source: 3dnews.ru