Ngo-2019, kuzothatha iminyaka eyi-100 sakithi safaka isicelo selungelo lobunikazi sejetpack. Namuhla, Septhemba 11, usuku lokuzalwa lomsunguli.
“Esikhundleni ngosizo lwedivayisi, ungenza uphenyo lwasemoyeni ngokuphepha okukhulu kunasebhanoyini... wonke amayunithi ezempi, ahlonyiswe ngalezi mishini (izindleko zazo ekukhiqizweni kwefekthri zizobiza ngokuphindwe kaningana isibhamu), phakathi nokuhlasela okuvamile nokuvinjezelwa kwezinqaba, bedlula zonke izithiyo zasemhlabeni, bangandiza ngokukhululeka ngemva kwemigqa yezitha."
- Alexander Andreev
Isisindo sedivayisi singama-42 kg + 8 kg wamafutha (i-methane ne-oxygen).
Isisindo somshayeli singama-50 kg.
Ibanga - 20 km.
Isivinini - 200 km/h.
(Septhemba 11, 1893, Kolpino - Disemba 15, 1941, Leningrad) - Umsunguli weSoviet owasungula imoto yokuqala ye-backpack rocket emhlabeni esebenzisa injini yejethi ewuketshezi.
U-Andreev wathola imfundo yesibili yobuchwepheshe. Kusukela ekuqaleni kwawo-1920 wayehlala eLeningrad. Ngo-1919, wenza imoto yokuqala ye-backpack rocket emhlabeni esebenzisa injini yejethi ewuketshezi. Le phrojekthi yathunyelwa kuMkhandlu Wabantu Abaqondisi Babantu, futhi kusukela kuwo yathunyelwa eKomidini Lokusungulwa. Isicelo selungelo lobunikazi, ngemva kokuthola impendulo ebucayi, sinqatshiwe. Ngo-1925, umsunguli wathumela inguqulo entsha, ebuyekeziwe yesicelo. Ngemva kokubuyekezwa okuhle okuvela kuchwepheshe kanye nokubuyekezwa okwengeziwe kombhalo, ilungelo lobunikazi lokusungulwa lakhishwa ngo-1928. ()
1919
Ku-Leningrad Regional State Archives e-Vyborg (LOGAV) kunombhalo obhalwe ngomshini (LOGAV. F. R-4476, op. 6, d. 3809.) wephrojekthi enamamaki amabili okubhalisa ekhasini lokuqala. Elokuqala kulawa mamaki libukeka kanje:
"UKUPHATHWA KWEBHIZINISI
I-Krestyansk. kanye Nomsebenzi. Ohulumeni
IRiphabhulikhi yaseRussia 14/XII 1919
Okungenayo No. 19644."
Imaki lesibili:
"IKOMIDI
zokusungulwa
Emnyangweni wezesayensi nobuchwepheshe.
V.S.N.X.
Disemba 19, 1919
Ku. No. 3648."
Umbhalo onalawa mamaki wawunjengokulandelayo esitatimendeni sangoFebhuwari 10, 1921, esabhalwa ngesandla umsunguli, elinye lamakhophi amathathu ombhalo wephrojekthi othunyelwe ku-KDI kanye nesicelo (ezinye ezimbili zigcinwe efayeleni elifanayo lemibhalo egciniwe. ).
Ngakho-ke, iphrojekthi yendiza enobhaka yayisilungile maphakathi no-December 1919 futhi yakwazi ukuvakashela izikhungo zikahulumeni ezimbili eziphakeme kakhulu ezweni ngoZibandlela.
Kungacatshangwa ukuthi izehlakalo zakhiwe kanje.
Umsunguli wathumela iphrojekthi kuMkhandlu Wezinkampani Zabantu esikhundleni somzamo wokuthola izinto zokuqalisa ukusebenza kohlelo lwakhe kunethemba lokuyinikeza ilungelo lobunikazi. Amathemba okulinga okusetshenziswa kwezempi kwedivayisi (esigabeni esithi "Injongo" u-Andreev wabhala: "Esikhundleni ngosizo lwedivayisi ungenza uphenyo lwasemoyeni ngokuphepha okukhulu kunasebhanoyini ... wonke amayunithi ezempi afakwe lawa madivayisi (izindleko zokukhiqizwa kwefekthri zizobiza izikhathi eziningana kunesibhamu) ngesikhathi sokuhlasela okujwayelekile nokuvinjezelwa kwezinqaba, ukudlula zonke izithiyo zasemhlabeni, zingandizela ngokukhululekile ngemuva kwesitha"), kubonakala sengathi , wasivumela ukuba sibe nethemba ngesimo sengqondo esihle sikahulumeni mayelana nokusungulwa.
Kodwa-ke, uMkhandlu wamaCommissars Wabantu, njengoba kungacatshangwa ngokusekelwe kumehluko omncane phakathi kwezinsuku ezibonisiwe zokubhaliswa kwawo, awuzange ucatshangelwe, kodwa waphinde waqondiswa kabusha ekhelini elifaneleka kakhulu - eMnyangweni Wezesayensi Nobuchwepheshe WoMkhandlu Ophakeme Womkhandlu Ophakeme Womphakathi. Umnotho Kazwelonke, noma ngqo kwi-KDI. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lokhu kwenziwa, ngokusobala, ngokukhulu ukushesha: ku-log yemibhalo engenayo yoMkhandlu Wabantu Abasebenza Ngo-1919, ulayini wenombolo engenayo 19644 (okwamukelwe kuyo lo mbhalo, ukuthi uthunyelwe kuliphi icala) wawungekho. igcwaliswe ngokuphelele, njengoba kwakunjalo nemigqa yezinombolo ezintathu ezengeziwe ezakhelene nayo (19640, 19643, 19645) Ngokusobala, izisebenzi zoMkhandlu Wabantu BamaCommissars zazingenaso isikhathi sokucubungula iposi ngoDisemba 1919.
Ayikho eminye iminonjana yokuba khona kwephrojekthi ka-Andreev ngo-1919 eMkhandlwini Wabantu BamaCommissars - kanye nasezindikimbeni zoMkhandlu Ophakeme Womnotho Kazwelonke - ongatholakala. Akukacaci ukuthi iphrojekthi yahlala isikhathi esingakanani kwa-KDI nokuthi isheshe yabuyela kumbhali. []
1921
NgoFebruwari 1921, u-Andreev wabhala isitatimende ku-KDI ngesicelo sokuhlinzekwa "kwamalungelo asemthethweni" kanye nezinto eziyivelakancane zokuqaliswa kwephrojekthi, futhi, ngeshwa, kulesi sitatimende akazange akhulume lutho ngalokho okwandulelayo.
Umlando wezinye izenzakalo kafushane kanje. Ngokusekelwe ekubuyekezweni okulimazayo kuka-E.N. Smirnov, omunye wochwepheshe ababili abathintwa yi-KDU (ukubuyekezwa kwesibili kwakuvinjelwe kakhulu, nakuba ngokuvamile kukuhle, okunikezwe ngu-N.A. Rynin), isicelo senqatshiwe. []
1925
NgoJulayi 1925, umsunguli wathumela inguqulo entsha, ebuyekeziwe kakhulu yesicelo ku-KDI. Yiqiniso, njengoba kuphawuliwe ngenhla, ukubuyekezwa kuthinte kakhulu ukwethulwa kokuqukethwe futhi akuzange kwethule imininingwane emisha kuphrojekthi; eqinisweni, yacishe yancishiswa ngokuphelele ekuchazeni okungokombhalo kwezingxenye nemihlangano, okwathi ngo-1919-1921. zethulwe emdwebeni kuphela. Ngemva kokubuyekezwa okuhle okuvela kuchwepheshe u-N. G. Baratov kanye nokubuyekezwa okwengeziwe kombhalo, ngo-March 31, 1928, "Incwadi Yelungelo Lobunikazi Lobunikazi Bokusungulwa" yasayinwa. []
I-Patent No. 4818
1928
“Lapho ngithola ilungelo lobunikazi ngo-Agasti 23, 1928, ngaqala ukulisebenzisa, ngoba Umsebenzi omningi wokuqalisa wenziwa efulethini engihlala kulo, bese ngicela usizo lokungafaki ukuhlala ngenkani endaweni engu-10 sq.m. enginayo, ngoba lokhu kunomthelela emsebenzini ophumelelayo.”
- Andreev
I-CBRIZ (Central Bureau for the Implementation of Inventions and Promotion of Invention) - ngesisekelo sokubuyekezwa okungalungile kwangoJanuwari 9, 1929 okuvela kunjiniyela onguchwepheshe weKhomishana Yokukhetha - wenqaba usizo u-Andreev alucelile.
Phakathi neminyaka eyi-10, okuqukethwe kwezobuchwepheshe kwephrojekthi ka-Andreev empeleni akuzange kushintshe kusukela enguqulweni yokuqala kuya kweyokugcina eyaziwayo. Lokhu kokugcina kuhluke kweyokuqala ikakhulukazi kumthamo wencazelo yombhalo yamanye amadivaysi, okuthi, nakuba, njengoba kubonakala enguqulweni yokuqala yomdwebo, ayekhona ohlelweni lomlobi kusukela ekuqaleni, embhalweni we-1919 ayekhona. okungenzeka akucatshangelwa nhlobo noma kuchazwe ngemininingwane emincane kunasembhalweni wencazelo yelungelo lobunikazi eyanyatheliswa ngo-1928, njengemishini yokuthungela, amaphampu, iziqukathi zamagesi awuketshezi. Omunye umehluko phakathi kwencazelo yelungelo lobunikazi kanye nephrojekthi yasekuqaleni ukwakhiwa okubanzi kobubanzi bokusetshenziswa kwedivayisi: hhayi kuphela (ngesimo sesikhwama) sokundiza komuntu, kodwa futhi nokuhambisa imithwalo emincane, isibonelo, i-projectile ene igesi ephefumulayo noma isiqhumane.
Akukho okwaziwa ngemiphumela yesifiso sika-Andreev sokusebenzisa iphrojekthi yakhe ekusebenzeni. []
N. A. Rynin. Amarokhethi. Futhi izinjini zokusabela eziqondile.
Incwadi sibonga, lapho izwe wazi mayelana Andreev.
Umdwebo we-patent. Fig. 1 no-2 - "iphakethe" elinamathangi namaphampu kaphethiloli, Fig. 3 no-4 - ibhokisi eliphakathi, amapulazi nezinjini. Ukudweba okuvela encwadini ka-N.A. Rynina
Imithombo
- Wikipedia:
- Ilungelo lobunikazi:
- I-Pikabu:
- Isibuyekezo sezempi:
- Ikhalenda lamaqhawe aseRussia:
- Iziqephu ze-astronautics:
- Iziqephu ze-astronautics:
Habradvigatel
I-JetCat 180 NX turbojet injini.
Injini enjalo ibiza ama-ruble angu-350. Yebo Yebo, . Sayithenga ngezindleko zethu. Okwesibili - . Kudingeka izinjini ezi-4 - kubashayeli bezindiza abazacile kakhulu noma izinjini eziyisi-6 ukuphakamisa isidumbu esingu-80 kg.
Ividiyo evela .
I-hypothesis: Ingabe umphakathi we-habra uzokwazi ukusebenzisa ama-ruble angu-500-1000 kweyesithathu, injini ye-habra yomuntu siqu? (bhala nge-PM noma nge-imeyili [i-imeyili ivikelwe])
Source: www.habr.com