Isikhathi sokugcina , ukuthi imizamo yokwenza ngokuzenzakalelayo inqubo yokufunda yaholela kanjani ekuveleni ku-60s yesistimu ye-PLATO, eyayithuthuke kakhulu ngaleso sikhathi. Ziningi izifundo ezimqeqeshelwe zona ezifundweni ezahlukene. Kodwa-ke, i-PLATO yayinesiphazamiso - abafundi basenyuvesi kuphela abanamatheminali akhethekile ababekwazi ukuthola izinto zokuqeqesha.
Isimo sashintsha ngokufika kwamakhompyutha abantu. Ngakho-ke, isoftware yezemfundo isifikile kuwo wonke amanyuvesi, izikole nasemakhaya. Siqhubeka nendaba ngaphansi kwe-cut.
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Inguquko yekhompyutha
Idivayisi eyaholela ekuguqukeni kwekhompyutha yomuntu siqu kwaba ngokusekelwe ku-Intel 8080 microprocessor. Ibhasi elakhelwe le khompyutha laba indinganiso ye-de facto kumakhompyutha alandelayo. I-Altair yasungulwa ngunjiniyela uHenry Edward Roberts ngo-1975 we-MITS. Naphezu kokushiyeka okuningi - umshini wawungenayo ikhibhodi noma isibonisi - inkampani ithengise amadivaysi ayizinkulungwane ezimbalwa ngenyanga yokuqala. Impumelelo ye-Altair 8800 ivule indlela yamanye ama-PC.
Ngo-1977, i-Commodore yangena emakethe ne-Commodore PET 2001 yayo. Le khompyutha esebhokisini lensimbi enesisindo esingamakhilogremu angu-11 kakade yayinemonitha enesinqumo sezinhlamvu ezingu-40x25 kanye nedivayisi yokufaka. Ngawo lowo nyaka, i-Apple Computer yethula i-Apple II yayo. Yayinombukiso wombala, umhumushi wolimi we-BASIC owakhelwe ngaphakathi, futhi ekwazi ukukhiqiza kabusha umsindo. I-Apple II yaba yi-PC yabasebenzisi abajwayelekile, ngakho-ke hhayi kuphela ochwepheshe be-tech-savvy emanyuvesi, kodwa nothisha ezikoleni basebenza nayo. Lokhu kugqugquzele ukuthuthukiswa kwesoftware yezemfundo ethengekayo.
Ngesinye isikhathi, uthisha wase-United States, u-Ann McCormick, wakhathazeka ngokuthi enye intsha ifunda ngokungaqinisekile futhi ihamba kancane. Ngakho-ke, wanquma ukuthuthukisa indlela entsha yokufundisa izingane. Ngo-1979, uMcCormick wawina isibonelelo futhi wathola i-Apple II evela kwa-Apple Education Foundation. Ngokuhlangana nodokotela wezengqondo waseStanford uTeri Perl kanye nomhleli wezinhlelo ze-Atari uJoseph Warren, wasungula inkampani . Bendawonye baqala ukuthuthukisa isoftware yokufundisa yezingane zesikole.
Ngo-1984, i-The Learning Company yayisishicilele imidlalo yokufundisa eyishumi nanhlanu yezingane. Ngokwesibonelo, Rocky sika Boots, lapho izingane zesikole ixazulule izinkinga ezihlukahlukene logic. Iwine indawo yokuqala ezilinganisweni zenhlangano yabahwebi beSoftware Publishers. Kwakukhona no-Reader Rabbit, eyayifundisa ukufunda nokubhala. Eminyakeni eyishumi yadayisa amakhophi ayizigidi ezingu-14.
Ngo-1995, imali engenayo yenkampani yafinyelela ku-$53,2 wezigidi. Inkampani Yokufunda "I-Grail Engcwele Yokufunda." Ngokusho kwakhe, kwakuwumsebenzi wethimba lika-Anne McCormick osize othisha baqonde ukuthi amakhompyutha ethuluzi lokufundisa angaba namandla kangakanani.
Ubani omunye owenza lokhu?
Engxenyeni yokuqala yama-80s, i-Learning Company kwakungeyena yedwa umthuthukisi wesofthiwe yezemfundo. Imidlalo yokufundisa I-Optimum Resource, i-Daystar Learning Corporation, i-Sierra On-Line nezinye izinkampani ezincane. Kodwa impumelelo yeThe Learning Company yaphindwa yiBrøderbund kuphela - yasungulwa abazalwane uDoug noGary Carlston.
Ngesinye isikhathi inkampani yathuthukisa imidlalo, mhlawumbe iphrojekthi yabo edume kakhulu yiNkosana yasePheresiya. Kodwa ngokushesha abazalwane baphendukela emikhiqizweni yokufundisa. Iphothifoliyo yabo ihlanganisa i-James Discovers Math and Math Workshop yokufundisa izibalo eziyisisekelo, Umshini Wokubhala Omangalisayo wokufundisa ukufunda nohlelo lolimi, kanye ne-Mieko: A Story of Japanese Culture, isifundo somlando wase-Japan osesimweni sezindaba ezijabulisayo zezingane.
Othisha babambe iqhaza ekwakhiweni kwezinhlelo zokusebenza, futhi bakha nezinhlelo zezifundo besebenzisa le software. Le nkampani yayihlale iba nezingqungquthela ezikoleni zokuthuthukisa imfundo yamakhompiyutha, iziqondiso zephepha ezishicilele abasebenzisi, nezinhlelo ezinesaphulelo zezikhungo zemfundo. Ngokwesibonelo, ngentengo evamile ye-Mieko: A Story of Japanese Culture ngo-$179,95, inguqulo yesikole ibiza cishe ingxenye enkulu yama-$89,95.
Ngo-1991, i-Brøderbund yathatha ingxenye yesine yemakethe yesofthiwe yezemfundo yaseMelika. Impumelelo yale nkampani idonse ukunaka kweThe Learning Company, eyathenga imbangi yayo ngamaRandi ayizigidi ezingama-420.
Isoftware yabafundi
Imfundo yasenyuvesi ayizange ishiywe ngaphandle kwenguquko yamakhompyutha. Ngo-1982, i-MIT yathenga ama-PC ambalwa ukuze asetshenziswe ekilasini ngabafundi bonjiniyela. Ngemva konyaka, ngesisekelo senyuvesi ngokusekelwa IBM, wethula . Le nhlangano inikeze inyuvesi amakhompiyutha abiza izigidi ezimbalwa zamaRandi kanye nabahleli bayo ukuze bathuthukise isoftware yezemfundo. Abafundi bazo zonke izikole eziphakeme bathole ukufinyelela kubuchwepheshe obusha, futhi kwethulwa inethiwekhi yekhompyutha ekhempasini.
Ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-80s, ingqalasizinda yezemfundo esekelwe ku-UNIX yavela e-MIT, futhi ochwepheshe basenyuvesi benza izinhlelo zamanye amanyuvesi. Uhlelo oluphelele lokufundisa imikhakha yesayensi yemvelo lwaqashelwa njengenye yezindlela eziphumelela kakhulu - izisebenzi zasenyuvesi azibhalanga izifundo zekhompiyutha kuphela, kodwa futhi zethula uhlelo lokuhlola ulwazi lwabafundi.
I-Athena yaba ukusetshenziswa kokuqala okukhulu kwamakhompiyutha nesofthiwe enyuvesi kanye nemodeli yamaphrojekthi afanayo kwezinye izikhungo zemfundo.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-ecosystem yezemfundo
Osomabhizinisi baphinde baqala ukukhombisa intshisekelo kuma-software ezemfundo ekuqaleni kwawo-80. Ngemva kokushiya iMicrosoft ngo-1983 ngenxa yokungavumelani noBill Gates, uPaul Allen wasungula i-Asymetrix Learning Systems. Lapho, wakha imvelo yokuqukethwe kwezemfundo ye-ToolBook. Uhlelo lwenza kwaba nokwenzeka ukwakha imikhiqizo ehlukahlukene ye-multimedia: izifundo, izicelo zokuhlola ulwazi namakhono, izethulo kanye nezinto zokubhekisela. Ngo-2001, i-ToolBook yaqashelwa njengelinye lamathuluzi asebenzisanayo angcono kakhulu e-e-learning.
I-ecosystem yokufunda amabanga nayo isiqalile ukuthuthuka. Iphayona bekuwuhlelo lwe-FirstClass, olwakhiwa abantu abavela e-Bell Northern Research - u-Steve Asbury, u-Jon Asbury no-Scott Welch. Iphakheji yayihlanganisa amathuluzi okusebenza nge-imeyili, ukwabelana ngamafayela, izingxoxo, izingqungquthela zothisha, abafundi nabazali. Lolu hlelo lusasetshenziswa futhi luvuselelwe (luyingxenye yephothifoliyo ye-OpenTex) - izikhungo zemfundo eziyizinkulungwane ezintathu kanye nabasebenzisi abayizigidi eziyisishiyagalolunye emhlabeni jikelele baxhumeke kulo.
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Ukusabalala kwe-inthanethi kuma-90s kwabangela inguquko elandelayo kwezemfundo. Ukuthuthukiswa kwesofthiwe yezemfundo kwaqhubeka futhi kwathola intuthuko entsha: ngo-1997, umqondo "wendawo yokufunda esebenzisanayo" (I-Interactive Learning Network) yazalwa.
Sizokhuluma ngalokhu ngokuzayo.
Sine-Habré:
Source: www.habr.com