Kubaphathi abaphezulu bochungechunge lwesuphamakethe enkulu yaseMelika, ukwethulwa kwesicoci esizenzakalelayo se-Auto-C sibonwe njengentuthuko enengqondo ekuthengisweni kwezitolo. Eminyakeni emibili eyedlule bahlukanisela izigidi ezingamakhulu ambalwa. Yiqiniso: umsizi onjalo angaqeda iphutha lomuntu, anciphise izindleko, akhulise isivinini / ikhwalithi yokuhlanza futhi, esikhathini esizayo, ahole i-mini-revolution ezitolo ezinkulu zaseMelika.
Kodwa phakathi kwezisebenzi zaseWalmart No. 937 eMarietta, eGeorgia, umshini wokuguqula umbuso wathola igama elihlukile: uFreddy. Iqanjwe ngomjondolo isitolo sixoshe ngosuku olwandulela u-Auto-C angene ku-inthanethi.
Umsebenzi omusha kaFreddie esitolo awuzange uphumelele kusukela ekuqaleni. Isisebenzi sikathayela sasivame ukuba "nokuphazamiseka kwemizwa", siphambuke endleleni ebekiwe, wayehlala edinga ukulungiswa okusha, ngezinye izikhathi kwakudingeka enze "ukuqeqeshwa" izikhathi eziningana ngesonto futhi abize ochwepheshe ukuze bammise.
Abathengi nabo babengazi ukuthi basabela kanjani ekubukeni kweFreddy entsha. Esinye isisebenzi saseWalmart, u-Evan Tanner, sikhumbula ukuthi ngobunye ubusuku indoda ethile yalala phezu kwemoto, eyalalela yamyisa emnyangweni wamathoyizi.
Abaphathi benkampani bayangabaza ngezindaba ezinjalo. Bathi i-Auto-C ihlakaniphe kunalokho ongakucabanga. Uma othile ephazamisa umsebenzi wakhe, uzoyeka futhi anikeze isignali ukuze angachithi amandla angadingekile. Kodwa uTanner uthi uFreddie ubematasa ezulazula esitolo kuze kube yilapho othile ekhipha indoda elele kuye.
Eminyakeni engu-50 edlule, i-Walmart iye yashintsha ngokuphindaphindiwe indlela abantu baseMelika abaphila ngayo. Amashumi ezinkulungwane ahlanza izitolo ezincane, akha kabusha amadolobhana ukuze afaneleke, akha amathuba amasha omsebenzi nokuthenga. Manje inkampani yanelisekile uguquko lwakho konke, kwethulwa izinkulungwane zamarobhothi - izikena, izihlanzi, izinto zokuthutha izimpahla, amakhamera ahlakaniphile nemishini ukuze kukhishwe ukuthenga ku-inthanethi ebhizinisini layo le-inthanethi elikhulayo. Uhlolo olukhulu oluzobonisa ukuthi kukhululeke kangakanani kubantu - abasebenzi namakhasimende - ukuxhumana namarobhothi emhlabeni wangempela. Futhi ingabe lokhu kwandisa ukuthengisa kwangempela?
Ngaphambili thina , inkampani ifake kanjani i-Auto-C robotic scrubber ezitolo zayo ezingu-360 njengokuhlola. Khona-ke ukuhlolwa kwakubhekwa njengempumelelo - futhi inani labo lifinyelela ku-1860. I-Walmart ihlela ukubethula kuzo zonke izitolo ezinkulu zezwe ngonyaka ozayo.
Ukuze yamukele ngokushesha ubuchwepheshe obusha, inkampani yaqale yathi amarobhothi amasha angeke athinte izimpilo zabasebenzi bangempela. Futhi uma beyithonya, bayoze bayithuthukise! Manje bazosala nomsebenzi wokudala ongakwazi ukuzenzela (njengokukhetha ama-apula amabi, ukuphepha, ukuxhumana namakhasimende, ukuwasiza akhethe imikhiqizo, inyama nenhlanzi). Izisebenzi zizoba nesikhathi esengeziwe samahhala futhi zizokujabulela kakhulu ukwenza umsebenzi wazo!
Kodwa sesiyabona ukuthi akunjalo. Ukuhlolwa okuyimpumelelo kwe-Walmart kukhombisa ukuthi imoto eyodwa ingakwazi ukufaka esikhundleni okungenani abantu abathathu noma abane - njengoFreddy. Ngaphakathi kwe-Walmart, lokho kusho ukuthi cishe isigidi salahlekelwa imisebenzi. Sekukonke, ngokwezibalo zakwaMcKinsey, ngo-2030, amarobhothi azophoqa abantu abayizigidi ezingama-400 kuya kwezingama-800 ukuthi bashintshe imisebenzi yabo.
"Ukuvukela kwemishini" e-Walmart, abasebenzi bathi, kube nomphumela obungalindelekile. Banomuzwa wokuthi empeleni umsebenzi wabo usuyisicefe. Ukugxila kumarobhothi kanye nale paradigm entsha iphoqa abaphathi ukuthi bacabange “nge-hyper-optimization.” Isinyathelo ngasinye, ukuthimula ngakunye, konke ukunyakaza kufanele kucace futhi kuhambisane. Futhi uma kungenjalo, amakhamera aqopha yonke into. Eminye yemisebenzi izisebenzi ezayithola iphumula (amashalofu esitokisini, imikhiqizo yokuskena, ukuhlanza phansi ngenkathi ishayela umshini opholile) manje isithathwa amarobhothi. Futhi abantu bathola, ngokusho kwabasebenzi, umsebenzi “okhathazayo” owengeziwe.
Akusizi futhi izindaba ukuthi abasebenzi abaningi bazizwe sengathi umsebenzi wabo obaluleke kakhulu njengamanje ukubeka iso kozakwabo bamarobhothi. Hlanza, lungisa, unesi futhi uqeqeshe labo abayobakhipha emsebenzini ngelinye ilanga.
Kubathengi, kuncike kakhulu ekutheni imoto ikhanga kangakanani. Kuze kube manje yonke into ihamba kahle ngezikhuhla zabo ze-Auto-C (uyabona, baze balale kuzo). Kodwa izikena ze-Auto-S, zithi, zethusa abantu abaningi. Indlulamithi ende enjalo engamamitha amabili, iphuma kancane futhi buthule ngemva kweshalofu, ibeka abaningi esimweni sokulala. Nabo bakhahlelwa buthule bashaywe ikakhulukazi abantu abasha. Njengokuthi, kungani evimbe i-passage, lesi siphukuphuku irobhothi?
Nakuba lo mshini usuphile iminyaka engu-200 kakade, wathatha izithombe ezingaphezu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-5 futhi wahamba amakhilomitha angaphezu kuka-45 phakathi kwamakhawunta e-Walmart, futhi ukhumbula amakhulu ezinkulungwane zokuhlangana nezivakashi, amakhasimende amaningi aqala ukubona into enjengale. , futhi le nto ibonakala ihlekisa kakhulu kubo ukudlula nje.
Isihloli seshelufu esizenzakalelayo i-Auto-S
Abasebenzi ezitolo ezinkulu ezintsha “ezizenzakalelayo” batshele izintatheli ukuthi le mishini ibasebenzela kahle futhi mihle. Cishe yonke indawo babeqanjwa amagama. Othile wakhuluma ngomlingiswa wamarobhothi - abanye "bathukuthele", abanye "bajabule". Abanye - ngokuyisisekelo bakhononda ngokuthi ukwethulwa kwamarobhothi kuye kwasheshisa ijubane lonke lomsebenzi, futhi manje bavame ukuphendula njalo izexwayiso ezithunyelwa kubo ngemishini, okungajabulisi kakhulu.
Abaphathi be-Walmart bathi impendulo kumarobhothi phakathi kwabasebenzi ibe "yinhle kakhulu" futhi iqhathanisa imishini yabo ne-Star Wars droid R2-D2 kanye neTransformer Optimus Prime. “Wonke amaqhawe adinga umuntu oseceleni,” batshela abasebenzi. - "Futhi manje unokuthile okuhle kakhulu."
Abaphathi bethu bemishini
Amarobhothi awakhonondi, awafuni ukukhushulwa esikhundleni, awadingi amaholide noma ikhefu. Emhlanganweni wabanikazi bamasheya ngo-Agasti, umengameli wenkampani uDoug McMillon uthe le mishini iyithemba elingcono lenkampani nokuthi izibona kanjani esikhathini esizayo. Imali engenayo yonyaka ye-Walmart iyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-514. Futhi inzuzo yayo yonke ingama-$ 6,7 billion kuphela.Ukwethulwa kwamarobhothi kuzokwenza lezi zibalo ezimbili zisondelane kancane.
Sihlola futhi sikala ubuchwepheshe obusha be-automation. Lesi yisikhathi esibalulekile nesiwujuqu. Izinhlelo zethu ezithile zokuphatha izindleko zibalulekile.
Isilinganiso sihlaba umxhwele ngempela. I-Walmart eyodwa e-Levittown (izakhamuzi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-50) inamaseva angu-100, imibhoshongo yokupholisa engu-10, amakhadi ezithombe angu-400 namamitha angu-50 ezintambo zokusekela wonke amarobhothi namakhamera. Konke lokhu kuvumela amasistimu e-AI ukuthi aphathe isitolo, empeleni, esikhundleni sabaphathi. Amakhamera nezinzwa zesisindo zithola ngokuzenzakalelayo lapho obhasikidi bokuthenga sebezophela, amalebula abekwe endaweni engafanele, noma ubhanana usuzovuthwa ngokweqile.
Okulandelayo, uma i-AI ibona inkinga, ithumela isignali, empeleni, i-smartphone, okufanele ibe sezandleni zabo bonke abasebenzi. Futhi kubonisa lokho okudingeka bakwenze manje. Hamba uqoqe izinqola kwenye ingxenye yesitolo. Gcwalisa ukunikezwa kwakho kwama-apula. Hamba ubuyekeze amalebula. Isuphamakethe iqashe abantu ababalelwa ku-100 abenza wonke umsebenzi womzimba.
Amagajethi anjalo kufanele abe sezandleni zabo bonke abasebenzi “abathuthukile” be-Walmart
Izisebenzi zalesi sitolo “esithuthukisiwe” zikhala ngokuthi zihlale zizizwa zilulazekile. Irobhothi elingenamphefumulo liyazi futhi liqonda konke kangcono kunabo. Uma ngaphambilini isitolo esikhulu ngasinye besinomphathi ongaya kuye nemibuzo, manje zonke izinqumo ezinkulu zenziwa uhlelo. Uma phambilini i-Walmart ngayinye ibihluke kancane ngohlamvu kuzo zonke ezinye, kuya ngabantu abayigijimile, manje wonke umuntu onenkundla ye-AI usebenza ngokufana. "Awunamphefumulo." Ukuxoshwa noma ukuhamba, ihlaya elithile, kufana “nokunyuselwa esikhundleni somthengi.”
Umuntu udingeka kuphela ezigabeni zakudala kakhulu. Futhi wonke umuntu uyakuqonda lokhu. Izihlanzi zaphansi ikakhulukazi. Omunye uchaze umunyu wakhe ngesikhathi u-Auto-C elethwa esitolo sabo. Esigabeni sokuqala, umshini awukakwazi ukugeza phansi. Udinga ukukhumbula isakhiwo sesitolo. Ngakho-ke, ezinsukwini ezimbalwa zokuqala, umlindi wesikhathi esizayo oyishayelayo uyayishayela ngesandla. Izitimela lapho amashalofu ekhona, lapho izinto zokubala zikhona, lapho amabhuku emali akhona, yiziphi izindawo okufanele uhambe kuzo. Bese exoshwa.
Ngokuzayo "umshayeli" onjalo uzodingeka kuphela uma isitolo sakhiwe kabusha ngokuzumayo, sishintsha konke okungaphakathi, okwenzeka kaningi ngaphezu kokukodwa njalo eminyakeni embalwa.
Bathi inzondo yansuku zonke ngamarobhothi yandile. Ezinye izisebenzi ziyavuma ukubabiza ngamagama nokubahlambalaza, zisebenzisa amagama azo amasha, abantu, njengokuthi “Emma,” “Bender,” noma “Frank.” Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinkulumo ezikhethiwe zazibucayi kakhulu kunokuba kube ukuxabana phakathi kwezisebenzi ezimbili.
Umhlaba onezimoto
UMartin Hitch, inhloko yeBossa Nova Robotics, eyenza amarobhothi athwebula e-Walmart, uthi inkampani isichithe iminyaka eminingana izama ukufundisa amarobhothi ukuthi abe nobungane kubantu ngangokunokwenzeka. Kepha umhlaba awukavumelani ngemithetho yokuziphatha ebeka ukuthi abantu nemishini kufanele basebenzisane kanjani.
Onjiniyela, isibonelo, babengafuni irobhothi livele buthule ekamelweni, bethuse abantu. Akekho odinga icala lokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo. Kodwa yimuphi umsindo okufanele awusebenzise ukuze azimemezele? Bahlole izinketho eziyizinkulungwane ezimbalwa, kusukela ku-comic "beep-beep" kuya emsindweni okhulayo weforklift. Ekugcineni, bahlala ngokutshiyoza okumnandi kodwa okuphikelelayo - izingoma ezimbalwa zezinyoni, abahlangana kuzo eyodwa.
“Into yokugcina ofuna ayenze ukukhuluma. Ngoba uma ekhuluma, abantu bacabanga ukuthi bangaphendula."
Izimpawu ezazibonakala zisobala futhi ziqondakala kubahloli abangabantu zaba yize ngokuphelele ezimweni zomhlaba wangempela. Isibonelo, lapho inkampani ibeka amasignali okujika erobhothini lokuhlola, yavele yadida abantu. Akekho owayelindele ukubona izibani ezibenyezelayo ngenkathi eqoqa amadombolo. Bese usabela kubo sengathi usempambanweni yomgwaqo. Ezinganeni nakubantu abanombono ophansi, lesi sixazululo sibuye sabonakala singesihle neze.
Ukubuka esikhathini esizayo
i-walmart , ukuthi ngenxa yokwethulwa kwamarobhothi, inzuzo yabasebenzi bawo yehle yafika ezingeni eliphansi kakhulu eminyakeni emi-5. Ngaphezu kwalokho - abasebenzi abangu-40 manje basezikhundleni ezazingekho eminyakeni engu-000 edlule. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, abasebenzi besikhathi esigcwele benkampani e-USA manje isilinganiso esingu-$14.26 ngehora, esingaphezu kwesilinganiso semboni.
Kodwa abantu abaningi bakhuluma ngesithukuthezi esilethwa yi-automation. Amarobhothi athathe izinto ezilula kubasebenzi, njengokuhambahamba esitolo, futhi manje abantu basala nemisebenzi emincane, engasho lutho, ekhungathekisa ingqondo. Okufanayo bathi, kwenzekile phambilini njengoba kwethulwa izindawo zokuzikhokhela. Osokheshi abaningi abasebenzi, kodwa abasebenzi kusafanele babekhona ukuze basize abathengi abadidekile, baxazulule izinkinga futhi baqinisekise umshini uma ubonisa inkinga.
UMichael Webb, isazi sezomnotho eNyuvesi yaseStanford ocwaninga ngomthelela we-AI ezimakethe zezabasebenzi, uthi akukhona nje ukuqondana ukuthi ubuchwepheshe buthole ukusetshenziswa kwabo kokuqala emhlabeni wangempela ezitolo ezinkulu. Lezi zinkampani ezinkulu zihamba ngevolumu. Ngisho nokuthuthukiswa okuncane kunemiphumela emikhulu kubo. Ukonga u-$1000 ngenyanga ngesitolo ngasinye kushintsha kube amakhulu ezigidi eminyakeni embalwa ku-Walmart. Ukutshalwa kwezimali kumarobhothi kanye nobuhlakani bokwenziwa kungakhokha ngokushesha okukhulu.
Amaketanga ezitolo ezinkulu ezincane, kusho uWebb, azothola lobu buchwepheshe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Futhi izitolo ezisezingeni eliphezulu ezinezimpahla ezibizayo cishe ngeke zishintshele kumarobhothi. “Iqiniso lokuthi abantu bayakusebenzela kuyilungelo elikhethekile futhi kuyinkonzo okuzodingeka uyikhokhele okwengeziwe.”
Ku-Tanner, isisebenzi saseMarietta Walmart lapho kusebenza khona iMechanical Freddy entsha, ukuzenzela kushintshe cishe yonke into. Ngaphambilini, ubengumphathi womnyango esigabeni samathoyizi. Manje ubheka ikakhulukazi amarobhothi. Ngemva kokuvela kwabo, isitolo sehlise isibalo sezisebenzi izikhathi eziningana, ikakhulukazi kulabo ababeke bethula amaloli ngaphambili bahlole nezindawo zokubala. U-Tanner wenza ikakhulukazi imisebenzi evamile imishini engakakwazi ukuyenza.
“Konke esitolo kuyafana njengoba befike lapha. Qedela umsebenzi oyisidina. Ngicabanga ukuthi ngiyahlanya kancane,” usho kanje.
I-PS iletha amaphasela ngokunenzuzo kunoma yiziphi izitolo eziku-inthanethi e-USA. ERussia - (futhi ezinsukwini ezingu-4-8!), ukuya e-Ukraine - (kunoma yiliphi igatsha le-Nova Poshta). Kubandakanya, ngendlela, ngonyaka odlule bavame ukuthenga ngayo , manje ethuthukisa ukunikezwa kwayo ku-inthanethi, izama ukungavumeli i-Amazon.
Source: www.habr.com