Ngu Ngokocwaningo lwakamuva lweGallup, inani labantu baseRussia abafisa ukuthuthela kwelinye izwe liye laphindeka kathathu kule minyaka engu-11 edlule. Iningi lalaba bantu (44%) bangaphansi kweminyaka engama-29. Futhi, ngokusho kwezibalo, i-United States ngokuzethemba phakathi kwamazwe afiseleka kakhulu ukufuduka phakathi kwamaRussia.
Ngakho-ke, nginqume ukuqoqa idatha yempahla eyodwa ngezinhlobo zama-visa afanele ochwepheshe be-IT (abaklami, abadayisi, njll.) kanye nosomabhizinisi, futhi ngibangezelele ngezixhumanisi zezinsizakalo eziwusizo zokuqoqa ulwazi kanye namacala wangempela abantu bakithi aba sebekwazile ukudlula ngale ndlela.
Ukukhetha uhlobo lwe-visa
Kochwepheshe be-IT nosomabhizinisi, izinhlobo ezintathu zama-visa omsebenzi zingcono kakhulu:
- H1B - i-visa yokusebenza ejwayelekile, etholwa abasebenzi abathole isipho esivela enkampanini yaseMelika.
- L1 - i-visa yokudluliselwa kwabasebenzi bezinkampani zamazwe ngamazwe. Lena yindlela abasebenzi abathuthela ngayo e-United States besuka emahhovisi enkampani yaseMelika kwamanye amazwe.
- O1 - i-visa yochwepheshe abavelele emkhakheni wabo.
Ngayinye yalezi zinketho inokubili okuhle nokubi.
H1B: usizo lomqashi kanye nezabelo
Abantu abangenabo ubuzwe base-US noma indawo yokuhlala unomphela kufanele bathole i-visa ekhethekile - H1B - ukuze basebenze kuleli zwe. Irisidi yayo ixhaswe ngumqashi - udinga ukulungisa iphakethe lamadokhumenti futhi akhokhe izimali ezihlukahlukene.
Konke kuhle lapha kusisebenzi - inkampani ikhokhela yonke into, kulula kakhulu. Kukhona ngisho namasayithi akhethekile, njengesisetshenziswa , ongathola kuzo izinkampani ezimema kakhulu abasebenzi nge-visa ye-H1B.
Abaxhasi be-visa abahamba phambili abangama-20 ngokuya ngedatha ka-2019
Kodwa kune-drawback eyodwa - akuwona wonke umuntu othole isipho esivela enkampanini yaseMelika ozokwazi ukuza emsebenzini ngokushesha.
Ama-visa e-H1B angaphansi kwezabelo ezishintsha njalo ngonyaka. Isibonelo, isabelo sonyaka wamanje wezimali ka-2019 ngama-visa ayizinkulungwane ezingama-65 kuphela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngonyaka odlule izicelo eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-199 zathunyelwa ukuze zimukelwe. Baningi abafake izicelo kunama-visa akhishiwe, ngakho-ke ilotho ibanjwa phakathi kwabafake izicelo. Kuvele ukuthi eminyakeni yakamuva ithuba lokuyiwina ngu-1 koku-XNUMX.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuthola i-visa nokukhokha zonke izimali kubiza umqashi okungenani u-$10, ngaphezu kokukhokha amaholo. Ngakho-ke kufanele ube ithalente eliyigugu kakhulu ukuze inkampani icindezeleke kakhulu futhi ibe sengozini yokungasiboni isisebenzi ezweni ngenxa yokulahlekelwa ilotho ye-H000B.
I-visa ye-L1
Ezinye izinkampani ezinkulu zaseMelika ezinamahhovisi kwamanye amazwe zidlula imikhawulo ye-visa ye-H1B ngokusebenzisa ama-visa e-L. Kunezinhlobo ezincane ezihlukene zale visa - enye yazo ihloselwe ukudluliselwa kwabaphathi abaphezulu, kanti enye ingeyokuthutha abasebenzi abanamakhono (okukhethekile abasebenzi bolwazi) baya e-United States.
Ngokuvamile, ukuze ukwazi ukuthuthela e-United States ngaphandle kwezabelo noma ilotho, isisebenzi kufanele sisebenze ehhovisi langaphandle okungenani unyaka.
Izinkampani ezifana ne-Google, i-Facebook ne-Dropbox zisebenzisa lolu hlelo ukuthutha ochwepheshe abanamakhono. Isibonelo, isikimu esivamile yilapho isisebenzi sisebenza isikhathi esithile ehhovisi e-Dublin, e-Ireland, bese sithuthela e-San Francisco.
Ukungalungi kwalolu khetho kucacile - udinga ukuba izisebenzi ezibalulekile ukuze ungathakazelisi ukuqala okuncane okulula, kodwa inkampani enamahhovisi emazweni ahlukene. Khona-ke kuzodingeka usebenze ezweni elilodwa isikhathi eside, bese udlulela kwesibili (USA). Kubantu bomndeni lokhu kungaletha ubunzima obuthile.
I-Visa O1
Lolu hlobo lwe-visa luhloselwe abantu βabanamakhono angavamileβ ezindaweni zabo. Ngaphambilini, yayisetshenziswa kakhulu abantu bomsebenzi wokudala nabasubathi, kodwa kamuva yasetshenziswa kakhulu ochwepheshe be-IT nosomabhizinisi.
Ukuze kutholwe izinga lokuzikhethela nokungajwayelekile komfakisicelo, kwathuthukiswa amaphuzu amaningana okudingeka anikeze ubufakazi bawo. Ngakho-ke, nakhu okudingayo ukuze uthole i-visa ye-O1:
- imiklomelo yobungcweti nemiklomelo;
- ubulungu ezinhlanganweni zobungcweti ezamukela ochwepheshe abangavamile (hhayi wonke umuntu ongakhokha imali yobulungu);
- ukunqoba emiqhudelwaneni yobungcweti;
- ukubamba iqhaza njengelungu lejaji emiqhudelwaneni yobungcweti (igunya elicacile lokuhlola umsebenzi wabanye ochwepheshe);
- okukhulunywa ngakho kwabezindaba (izincazelo zamaphrojekthi, izingxoxo) kanye nokushicilelwe kwakho kumajenali akhethekile noma esayensi;
- ukubamba isikhundla esibalulekile enkampanini enkulu;
- noma yibuphi ubufakazi obengeziwe nabo bayamukelwa.
Kuyacaca ukuthi ukuze uthole le-visa udinga ngempela ukuba uchwepheshe oqinile futhi uhlangabezane okungenani nemibandela embalwa ohlwini olungenhla. Ububi be-visa buhlanganisa ubunzima bokuyithola, isidingo sokuba nomqashi ozothunyelwa egameni lakhe isicelo ukuze sicutshungulwe, kanye nokungakwazi ukushintsha imisebenzi kalula - ungaqashwa kuphela yinkampani ethumele incwadi yezikhalazo. isicelo senkonzo yokufuduka.
Inzuzo enkulu ukuthi inikezwa iminyaka emi-3; azikho izilinganiso noma eminye imikhawulo yabanikazi bayo.
Icala langempela lokuthola i-visa ye-O1 lichazwe ku-Habrahabr in .
Ukuqoqwa kolwazi
Uma usunqume uhlobo lwe-visa evumelana nawe, udinga ukulungiselela ukuthutha kwakho. Ngaphezu kokutadisha izindatshana ku-inthanethi, kunezinsiza eziningi ongathola ngazo ulwazi oluthandayo mathupha. Nazi ezimbili ezivame ukushiwo emithonjeni yomphakathi:
Isevisi yokubonisana egxile ekuphenduleni imibuzo mayelana nokuthuthela ngqo e-USA. Yonke into isebenza kalula - kuwebhusayithi ungafinyelela amadokhumenti aqinisekiswe abameli anezincazelo zesinyathelo nesinyathelo zokuthola izinhlobo ezahlukene zama-visa, noma u-ode ukuthi kuqoqwe idatha emibuzweni yakho.
Umsebenzisi ushiya isicelo lapho ebonisa khona imibuzo enentshisekelo (kusukela ebunzimeni bokukhetha uhlobo lwe-visa kuya ezindabeni zokuqashwa, ukuqhuba ibhizinisi nobunzima bansuku zonke, njengokuthola izindlu nokuthenga imoto). Izimpendulo zingatholwa phakathi nekholi yevidiyo noma ngefomethi yombhalo enezixhumanisi eziya kumadokhumenti asemthethweni, ukuphawula okuvela kochwepheshe abafanelekile - kusukela kubameli be-visa kuya kubagcini bamabhuku kanye nabadayisi. Bonke ochwepheshe abanjalo bayakhethwa - umsebenzisi uthola izincomo ezivela kochwepheshe ithimba lesevisi eselivele lasebenza nabo.
Phakathi kwezinye izinto, abasebenzisi bangakwazi uku-oda isevisi yokubeka uphawu lomuntu siqu - ithimba lephrojekthi lizosiza ukukhuluma ngezimpumelelo zobungcweti emithonjeni emikhulu yolimi lwesiRashiya kanye nesiNgisi - lokhu kuzoba usizo, isibonelo, ukuthola i-visa ye-O1 echazwe ngenhla.
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Enye isevisi yokweluleka esebenza kumodeli ehluke kancane. Kuyinkundla lapho abasebenzisi bengathola futhi baxhumane nabangaphandle abavela emazweni ahlukene kanye namadolobha imbala.
Ngemva kokukhetha izwe olifunayo nendlela yokuhamba (i-visa yomsebenzi, ukufunda, njll.), uhlelo lubonisa uhlu lwabantu abathuthele kule ndawo ngendlela efanayo. Ukubonisana kungakhokhelwa noma mahhala - konke kuncike ezifisweni zomeluleki othile. Ukuxhumana kwenzeka ngengxoxo.
Ngaphezu kwezinsizakalo zokubonisana ezisungulwe abantu abakhuluma isiRashiya, kukhona nezinsiza zolwazi zamazwe ngamazwe eziwusizo. Nazi eziwusizo kakhulu kochwepheshe abacabanga ukuthutha:
Isevisi ihlanganisa idatha yamaholo emkhakheni wezobuchwepheshe ohlinzekwa yizinkampani zaseMelika. Usebenzisa lesi sizindalwazi, ungathola ukuthi bangakanani abahleli bezinhlelo abakhokhelwa ezinkampanini ezinkulu ezifana ne-Amazon, Facebook noma i-Uber, futhi uqhathanise namaholo onjiniyela ezifundazweni nasemadolobheni ahlukene.
I-Paysa ingaphinda ibonise amakhono nobuchwepheshe obunenzuzo kakhulu. Kuyenzeka ubone amaholo amaphakathi abafundi abathole iziqu abavela emanyuvesi ahlukene - isici esiwusizo kulabo abacabanga ngokufunda e-USA ngenhloso yokwakha umsebenzi esikhathini esizayo.
Isiphetho: Izihloko ezi-5 ezinezibonelo zangempela zokufuduka kochwepheshe nosomabhizinisi
Ekugcineni, ngakhetha izihloko ezimbalwa ezibhalwe abantu abathuthela e-United States ukuze bayosebenza khona. Lezi zinto ziqukethe izimpendulo zemibuzo eminingi mayelana nokuthola izinhlobo ezahlukene zama-visa, ukudlula izingxoxo, ukuzinza endaweni entsha, nokunye:
Uma wazi noma yimaphi amathuluzi awusizo, izinsizakalo, izindatshana, izixhumanisi ezingafakwanga kulesi sihloko, wabelane ngazo kumazwana, ngizobuyekeza okuqukethwe noma ngibhale okusha, okuningi.
okuningiliziwe. Siyabonga nonke ngokunaka kwenu!
Umthombo: www.habr.com