Siyakutshela ukuthi ubani olindeleke phesheya futhi siphendule imibuzo engalungile mayelana nokuthuthwa kochwepheshe be-IT baye e-England naseJalimane.
Us in ama-CV avame ukuthunyelwa. Sihumusha ngokucophelela ngayinye yazo futhi siyithumele kuklayenti. Futhi ngokwengqondo simfisela inhlanhla kumuntu onquma ukushintsha okuthile empilweni yakhe. Ushintsho luhlala lungcono, akunjalo? 😉
Ungathanda ukuthola ukuthi wamukelekile phesheya futhi uthole imiyalelo yokuthuthela eYurophu? Nathi siyayifuna! Ngakho-ke, silungiselele uhlu lwemibuzo futhi sizoyibuza kubangani bethu - inkampani , lapho ochwepheshe abakhuluma isiRashiya besizwa khona ukuze bathole umsebenzi futhi bakhe umsebenzi ophumelelayo phesheya.
Laba bafana basanda kwethula iphrojekthi entsha ye-YouTube , lapho abalingisi babelana ngezindaba zabo mayelana nokuthuthela eNgilandi, eJalimane naseSweden, futhi baxoshe izinganekwane mayelana nokusebenza nokuhlala kwamanye amazwe.
Hlangana nomkhulumeli wethu namuhla, u-Elmira Maksudova, umeluleki we-IT nezobuchwepheshe.
Elmira, ngicela usitshele ukuthi yini evame ukugqugquzela abantu bethu ukuthi bathuthele eNgilandi?
Yebo, wonke umuntu unezisusa zakhe futhi akusiyo nje into eyodwa ephusha umuntu ukuba anyakaze, kodwa isethi yonke yezimo.
Kodwa ngokuvamile kuba:
- Ezezimali: iholo, uhlelo lwempesheni.
- Izinga lempilo namathuba asafufusa: izinga lamasiko, isimo sezulu/imvelo, ukuphepha, ukuvikelwa kwamalungelo, imithi, izinga lemfundo.
- Ithuba lokuthuthuka ngobungcweti: ochwepheshe abaningi be-IT esibenze inhlolokhono bahlola izinga lobuchwepheshe lamaphrojekthi aseRussia “njengeliphansi kakhulu” noma “eliphansi,” kuhlanganisa neqiniso lokuthi ubuchwepheshe obuningi baseNtshonalanga sebuqala ukuthathelwa indawo yizixazululo zaseRussia, okuyimiyalo eminingana ubukhulu ngemuva. Futhi, ngokwemiphumela yocwaningo, abathuthukisi abaningi bacindezeleka ngombuso kanye nezinga lokuphatha laseRussia.
- Ukungaqiniseki nokungazinzi emphakathini, ukuntula ukuzethemba ngekusasa.
Kubhalwe ku-
Yikuphi okukhethekile okunamathuba aphezulu okuthola umsebenzi omuhle kalula nangokushesha?
Uma sikhuluma nge-UK, khona-ke ezikhundleni ezishodayo ngenqubo eyenziwe lula yokuthola i-visa yokusebenza ngokusho faka phakathi abaphathi bemikhiqizo, onjiniyela, abaklami begeyimu, nochwepheshe be-cybersecurity. Onjiniyela abahlolayo nabahlaziyi, i-DevOps, onjiniyela bohlelo (i-virtualization nezixazululo zamafu), Abaphathi bohlelo, ukufunda ngomshini nochwepheshe be-Big Data nabo bayafuneka. Isidingo salokhu okukhethekile besilokhu sikhula kancane kancane eminyakeni emi-5 edlule. Isimo siyefana nasemazweni anjengeJalimane, iHolland, neSwitzerland.
Ingabe imfundo yaseYurophu iyimpoqo?
Imfundo yaseYurophu ayidingeki neze. Futhi ukuthi imfundo ephakeme iyimpoqo kuncike ezweni.
Ukuze uthole i-visa yase-UK Ukuba nediploma ku-specialty akuyona imfuneko eyimpoqo.
Kodwa, ngokwesibonelo, eJalimane isimo sihlukile. Uma kungenzeka ukuthola, bese kudingeka idiploma yemfundo ephakeme ukuze uthole le visa. Futhi, idiploma kumele ibe ku-database. Umuntu ozobhapathizwa ngokwakhe angabheka ukuba khona kwenyuvesi kule database, futhi kuyoba ngcono nakakhulu uma ekhuluma ngalokhu ngesikhathi senhlolokhono. Uma inyuvesi yakho ingekho kusizindalwazi se-Anabin, kufanele iqinisekiswe kuyo - Umnyango Omkhulu Wezemfundo Yangaphandle.
Uma sikhuluma ngemvume yokusebenza yaseJalimane yendawo, khona-ke ngaphandle kwemfundo ephakeme ungathola ithuba lokuhlala nokusebenza eJalimane, kodwa kuthatha isikhathi eside futhi kuyingozi. Lapha yilapho kuyodingeka ukuhlola okuningi. Sinecala elinjalo emsebenzini wethu manje. Lapho ufaka isicelo se-visa yomsebenzi, kwakudingeka izincwadi zokuncoma, ubufakazi bokuthi kwakukhona ukuxhumana phakathi kokuhlangenwe nakho kwangaphambilini kanye nesimo iklayenti elalisifakela isicelo.
Akuzona zonke izinkampani ezaziyo ukuthi le nketho ingenzeka. Ngakho-ke, ngesikhathi sokubonisana, ngihlale ngigcizelela ukuthi abazobhapathizwa ngokwabo badinga ukwazi konke mayelana nama-visa omsebenzi futhi, uma kunesidingo, batshele umqashi ukuthi lokhu kungenzeka nokuthi yimiphi imibhalo okudingeka iqoqwe. Amacala lapho umuntu ozobhapathizwa ehlela eyakhe imvume yokusebenza avamile, ikakhulukazi eJalimane.
Isithombe ngu-Felipe Furtado ku-Unsplash
Yini ebaluleke kakhulu - isipiliyoni somsebenzi noma amakhono athile? Futhi uma amakhono, bese kuthiwani?
Okubalulekile akukhona ukuthi uneminyaka emingaki usebenza, kodwa ukuhambisana nolwazi lwakho. Sinamakhasimende amaningi ashintsha insimu yawo yomsebenzi futhi athole imfundo emkhakheni ohluke ngokuphelele, isibonelo, izinto → ukuphathwa kwephrojekthi, ubuchwepheshe benethiwekhi → ukuhlaziywa kwedatha, ukuthuthukiswa → ukuklama isicelo. Ezimweni ezinjalo, ngisho nolwazi lwephrojekthi ngaphakathi kohlaka lwe-dissertation noma i-internship luba lufanele kakhulu futhi lufaneleke kakhulu kuphrofayela yakho kunokuba, isibonelo, isipiliyoni sokuqondisa eminyakeni engu-5 edlule.
Amakhono aqinile ochwepheshe bezobuchwepheshe abalulekile, kodwa ngokuvamile asezingeni lokuqondisa. Kaningi, izikhala zihlinzeka ngenhlanganisela yobuchwepheshe, okungukuthi, hhayi iminyaka emi-5 ku-C++, kodwa ulwazi lokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obuningana: C++, Erlang, Kernel Development (Unix/Linux/Win), Scala, njll.
Amakhono athambile abaluleke kakhulu. Lokhu ukuqonda ikhodi yamasiko, ikhono lokuxhumana ngendlela efanele, ukuxazulula izinkinga kanye nokuthola ukuqondana ngezindaba zomsebenzi. Konke lokhu kuhlolwa esigabeni senhlolokhono. Kodwa ukumane “ukhulume ukuphila kwakho konke” ngeke kusebenze. Kunezibalo ezithile ezakhelwe ohlelweni lwenhlolokhono, ngesisekelo lapho kuhlolwa khona umuntu ozobhalwa. Sikusiza ukuthi ufunde le mithetho futhi ufunde ukudlala ngemithetho yabaqashi.
Elmira, ngitshele ngokweqiniso, ingabe udinga ukwazi isiNgisi ukuze usebenze eNgilandi?
Ochwepheshe bezobuchwepheshe be-IT ngokuvamile banolwazi oluyisisekelo lwesiNgisi okungenani ezingeni lobuchwepheshe - wonke umsebenzi uhlobene ngandlela thize nesiNgisi (iziyalezo, ikhodi, izinto zokuqeqesha, imibhalo yomthengisi, njll.). Izinga lobuchwepheshe lolimi lizokwanela ukuxhumana, imibhalo, ukuya ezinkomfeni - lezi yizikhundla ezisezingeni lokungena nezimaphakathi zonjiniyela, onjiniyela besistimu nenethiwekhi, onjiniyela bedatha, abahloli, abathuthukisi beselula. Ukuxoxa ezingeni eliphakathi, lapho ungabamba iqhaza ezingxoxweni, chaza izinqumo zakho nemibono - lokhu sekuvele kuyizinga eliphezulu lezindima ezifanayo. Kunezindima zobuchwepheshe (kungakhathalekile ukuthi isezingeni Eliphansi noma Eliphezulu) lapho ukushelela kwesiNgisi kubalulekile futhi kungaba umbandela wokuhlola umuntu ozokhethwa - Ukuthengisa kwangaphambili / Ukuthengisa, onjiniyela, abaklami, abahlaziyi besistimu nabamabhizinisi, abaklami bezakhiwo, abaphathi bephrojekthi kanye nomkhiqizo. , ukusekelwa komsebenzisi (Impumelelo Yekhasimende / Umphathi Wokusekela Amakhasimende), abaphathi be-akhawunti.
Kunjalo, isiNgisi esikhulunywa kahle sidingeka kubaphathi: isibonelo, ezindimeni ezifana nomholi weqembu, umqondisi wezobuchwepheshe, umqondisi wokusebenza (ukuphathwa kwengqalasizinda ye-IT) noma umqondisi wokuthuthukiswa kwebhizinisi.
Kuthiwani ngesiJalimane/ isiDashi nezinye izilimi ngaphandle kwesiNgisi?
Mayelana nolwazi lolimi lwendawo eJalimane, eHolland naseSwitzerland, aludingeki uma ukhuluma isiNgisi. Emadolobheni amakhulu ngokuvamile asikho isidingo esithile sokwazi ulimi, kodwa kwamanye amadolobha impilo yakho izoba lula kakhulu uma ukhuluma ulimi lwendawo.
Uma wenza izinhlelo ezifinyelela kude, khona-ke kunengqondo ukufunda ulimi. Futhi kungcono ukuqala ngaphambi kokuthi uhambe. Okokuqala, uzozizwa uqiniseka ngokwengeziwe (lapho ubhalisa, ufuna indawo yokuhlala, njll.), futhi okwesibili, uzobonisa inkampani isithakazelo sakho.
Ubudala? Ngabe abafake izicelo abasacatshangelwa eminyakeni emingaki?
Ngasohlangothini lomqashi: E-Europe nase-UK, kunomthetho omelene nokucwaswa ngokweminyaka - uphoqelelwa ngokuqinile kangangokuthi abaqashi ababoni ubudala njengesinye sezici zokuqasha. Into ebaluleke kakhulu i-horizons yakho yezobuchwepheshe, ubuchwepheshe, iphothifoliyo, amakhono kanye nezifiso.
Ngasohlangothini lwakho, njengekhandidethi, kungcono ukuhambisa ngaphambi kweminyaka yobudala engama-50. Lapha sikhuluma ngokukhululeka kanye nesifiso sokuzivumelanisa nezimo, ukukhiqiza kanye nombono owanele wezinto ezintsha.
Isithombe ngu-Adam Wilson ku-Unsplash
Sitshele ukuthi ukuthutha ngokuvamile kwenzeka kanjani?
Isimo esivame kakhulu ukuthi ufuna umsebenzi ukude, ngena ezingxoxweni (kuqala ikholi yevidiyo, bese kuba yimihlangano yomuntu siqu), uthole umsebenzi, uvumelane ngemibandela, uthole i-visa bese uhamba.
Le fomethi ayidingi ukutshalwa kwezimali okubalulekile futhi ithatha ngokwesilinganiso kusukela enyangeni engu-1 kuye kweziyi-6, kuye ngokuthi uwufuna ngentshiseko kangakanani umsebenzi nokuthi uhlela ukuthuthela kuliphi izwe. Sinezimo zamakhasimende adlule kuzo zonke izigaba zokukhetha enyangeni engu-1 futhi athola i-visa emavikini angu-2 (eJalimane). Futhi kunezimo lapho kuphela isikhathi sokuthola i-visa sinwetshwe izinyanga ezi-5 (iGreat Britain).
"Umbuzo ongalungile". Ngingakwazi yini ukuhamba ngedwa ngaphandle kosizo lwakho?
Yebo ungakwazi. Kuhle uma umuntu enokugqugquzeleka okuqinile futhi ekulungele ukufunda udaba futhi azenzele yonke into. Sivame ukuthola izincwadi ezinjengalezi: “Ngibuke wonke amavidiyo enu ayi-100 , walandela zonke iseluleko, wathola umsebenzi futhi wathutha. Ngingakubonga ngani?”
Kungani pho thina? Ubuchwepheshe bethu yithuluzi nolwazi umuntu alutholayo ukuze axazulule inkinga yakhe ethile ngempumelelo nangokushesha. Ungafunda i-snowboard ngokwakho, futhi ngokushesha noma kamuva usazohamba, ngama-bumps hhayi ngokushesha, kodwa uzohamba. Noma ungathatha umfundisi uhambe ngakusasa, uqonda ngokugcwele inqubo. Umbuzo wokusebenza kahle nesikhathi. Umgomo wethu uwukunikeza umuntu ulwazi nokuqonda izimiso zemakethe yezabasebenzi ezweni elithile futhi, yiqiniso, ukwabelana noxhumana nabo.
Ake sikhulume ngamaholo, ochwepheshe bezobuchwepheshe bangazuza malini ngempela e-UK?
Amaholo kanjiniyela e-Russia nase-UK ahluka izikhathi ezimbalwa: Unjiniyela we-software: £17 kanye no-£600, Unjiniyela Omkhulu Wesofthiwe: £70 kanye no-£000, umphathi wephrojekthi ye-IT: £19 kanye no-£000 ngonyaka e-Russia nase-UK ngokulandelana.
Uma kubhekwa intela, imali engenayo yanyanga zonke yochwepheshe be-IT ilinganiselwa ku-£3800-£5500.
Uma uthola umsebenzi ngo-£30 ngonyaka, lapho-ke uzoba no-£000 kuphela ngenyanga esandleni - lokhu kungase kwanele kumuntu oyedwa, kodwa awukwazi ukuhlala nomndeni wakho ngale mali - bobabili ozakwethu badinga ukusebenza.
Kodwa uma iholo lakho lingu-£65 (isilinganiso esimaphakathi sonjiniyela, unjiniyela wokufunda wedatha/umshini), lapho-ke uzothola u-£000 ezandleni zakho - osekuvele kunethezekile emndenini.
Izinombolo zimnandi, kodwa zizodwa azikwazi ukusho ukuthi izinga lokuphila lomuntu lizoshintsha kakhulu. Ake siqhathanise amaholo angemva kwentela e-Russian Federation nase-UK nezindleko zezimpahla noma amasevisi esiwasebenzisa nsuku zonke.
Kubonakala kimi ukuthi lokhu kuqhathaniswa okungalungile ngokuyisisekelo, futhi iphutha labaningi liwukuthi bazama ukuqhathanisa amalitha obisi, amakhilogremu ama-apula, izindleko zokuhamba kwe-metro noma irenti yezindlu. Ukuqhathanisa okunjalo akusizi ngalutho - lezi yizinhlelo ezihlukene zokuxhumanisa.
I-England ne-Europe inohlelo lwentela oluqhubekayo, izintela ziphakeme kune-Russia futhi zisukela ku-30 kuya ku-55%.
Ilitha lobisi libiza okufanayo, kepha uma wephula isikrini ku-iPhone 11 Pro yakho, eRussia kuzodingeka ukhokhe isamba esihlelekile ukuze usilungise, kodwa e-EU/UK bazosilungisa mahhala. Uma uthenga okuthile ku-inthanethi futhi ushintshe umqondo wakho, eRussia uzohlushwa ukuze uyibuyisele, kodwa e-EU/UK awudingi ngisho nerisidi. Izinkundla zokuhweba nge-elekthronikhi njenge-Amazon/Ebay, eziletha izimpahla ngesikhathi futhi zikuvikele ekukhwabaniseni, azinakuqhathaniswa nezitolo eziku-inthanethi ngazinye, futhi ngisho nangaphezulu ngeposi laseRussia.
Umshwalense wezohwebo e-EU/UK usebenza njengewashi, futhi awudingi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ubunelungelo lawo; e-Russia, uzovele ukhathale ukufakazela ukuthi ukuhlola izindlebe zengane okwesi-15 eminyakeni emi-2 hhayi isifo esenziwe ngaphambili, ngisho nesifo esingelapheki - lesi yisenzakalo esiqinisekisiwe. Ukufundisa ingane ulimi lwesiNgisi (nomqondo) ezifundweni phakathi kwezifundo nezikole noma endaweni yemvelo enabantu abakhuluma ulimi lomdabu. Uma ingane yakho ixhashazwa esikoleni, okungenani iyeke isikole, e-EU/UK kukhona ngisho necala lobugebengu kubazali ngalokhu.
Ukuqasha izindlu eYurophu noma eNgilandi ngokuvamile (ikakhulukazi umndeni) kushintsha kube yithuba lokuthenga ifulethi lakho (inzalo ephansi yemali mboleko kanye nezindlu ezibolekiwe) noma ngisho nendlu (okuyinto engavamile kakhulu kumuntu ohlala efulethini laseMoscow), uhlala izindawo ezingaphansi kwedolobha futhi uye eLondon (noma ungahambi futhi usebenze ukude).
ENgilandi, inkulisa yengane engaphansi kweminyaka emi-3 izobiza isilinganiso sika-£200-£600 ngenyanga. Ngemva kweminyaka emi-3, zonke izingane zithola amahora angu-15 emfundo yasenkulisa ngesonto ngezindleko zikahulumeni.
Kunezikole ezizimele nezikahulumeni. Izimali zokufunda ezizimele zingafinyelela ku-£50 ngonyaka, kodwa kunezikole zikahulumeni ezilinganiselwe ngokuthi “zinhle kakhulu” (ngu-Ofsted) - zinikeza izinga eliphezulu kakhulu lemfundo futhi zimahhala.
I-NHS iwukunakekelwa kwezempilo kwamahhala okusesidlangalaleni ezingeni elihle impela, kodwa uma ufuna ukuba nomshwalense wezohwebo ohlanganisa konke osebenza kuwo wonke amazwe omhlaba, uzobiza u-£300-500 umuntu ngamunye ngenyanga.
Isithombe ngu-Aron Van de Pol ku-Unsplash
Kulungile, cishe senginqume ukuthuthela eNgilandi. Kodwa nginovalo oluncane lokuthi bazongiphatha njengesivakashi, ukuthi kuzodingeka ngisebenze amahora angu-24 ngosuku futhi ngeke ngikwazi nokuphuma ngiyothenga ikhofi.
Mayelana nabasebenzi abavakashi: ILondon ingeyamazwe ngamazwe, kunezivakashi eziningi ezivela emazweni ahlukene, ngakho-ke uzozithola usesimweni esifanayo nesabaningi abaseduze kwakho. Ngakho-ke, awukho umqondo womsebenzi ofudukayo nhlobo. Kukhona umdlalo omnandi kangaka - bala inani lezilimi zakwamanye amazwe emotweni yesitimela engaphansi eLondon. Izinombolo zingafinyelela ku-30, futhi lokhu kusekalishini eyodwa.
Mayelana nokusebenza ngokweqile: Ukusebenza ngokweqile kuvame kakhulu ekuqaleni, bese kuba esigabeni esithile kuphela. Abatshalizimali babheka uhlelo lomsebenzi “oluhlanyayo” njengento eyingozi. Ibhalansi yokuphila komsebenzi iya ngokuya ikhuthazwa.
Baphinde bakuthathe njengento ebaluleke kakhulu ukutubeka. Ngokomthetho wase-UK, “umqashi kufanele ahlole ingozi yokucindezeleka okuhlobene nomsebenzi futhi athathe izinyathelo zokuvimbela izifo zabasebenzi ezihlobene nokucindezeleka okuhlobene nomsebenzi.” Ukushiswa ngokweqile e-UK kunesimo sesifo ngokusemthethweni, futhi uma izimpawu zivela, hamba kumelaphi, uzophetha ngokuthi ucindezelekile, futhi ungathatha isonto noma ngaphezulu emsebenzini. Ikhona eziqashelwa ukunakekela impilo yakho yengqondo. Ngakho-ke uma ukhathele futhi ufuna ukukhuluma ngakho, uyazi ukuthi ungabiza kuphi (ngisho nangesiRashiya).
Nginezingane ezimbili, umyeni nekati. Ngingakwazi ukuhamba nazo?
Yebo, uma unomngane womshado, bayakwamukela nelungelo lokusebenza ezweni. Izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-18 ubudala nazo zithola i-visa ethembekile. Futhi azikho izinkinga ngezilwane - inqubo yokuthutha izilwane ezifuywayo ichazwe ngokucacile.
Angisafuni ukukhuluma ngemali futhi, kodwa kufanele. Ngidinga imali engakanani ukuze ngiyonge ukuze ngithuthe?
Imvamisa lokhu kuyizindleko ze-visa + £945 ku-akhawunti yakho yasebhange izinsuku ezingama-90 ngaphambi kokufaka isicelo se-visa ye-Tier 2 + intela yezinyanga ezi-3 zokuqala + izindleko ezingu-£500-1000 ngenyanga (kuye ngokuthi uphila kanjani - othile angaphila ngopondo abangu-30 ngesonto. , aziphekele, agibele ibhayisikili/isikuta, ancamele ukuthenga amathikithi endiza noma ekhonsathi kusenesikhathi (yebo, ngisho nangalolo hlobo lwemali ungandizela eYurophu uyozipholela emikhosini), futhi othile udla ezindaweni zokudlela, uhamba ngemoto noma itekisi, ithenga izinto ezintsha namathikithi ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuhamba).
Siyabonga ku-Elmira ngengxoxo. Uma unemibuzo, yishiye kumazwana.
Ezihlokweni ezilandelayo, sizokhuluma ngokuthi ungayenza kanjani i-resume futhi ubhale incwadi yekhava ukuze uqashelwe. Ake sithole ukuthi ukuzingela abantu ezinkundleni zokuxhumana kuvamile e-UK futhi sithinte isihloko esisemfashinini sokubeka uphawu lomuntu siqu. Hlala ubukele!
PS Uma ungumuntu onesibindi futhi ogqugquzelekile, shiya isixhumanisi esiya ku-resume yakho emazwaneni ngaphambi komhla zingama-22.10.2019 kuMfumfu XNUMX, ukuze sikwazi ukusebenzisa isibonelo esiphilayo ukuthola ukuthi senzeni futhi kanjani.
Mayelana nomlobi
Isihloko sabhalwa ku-Alconost.
iyisevisi ye-inthanethi yokuhumusha eyingcweti ezilimini ezingama-70 edalwe ngu-Alconost.
I-Nitro ilungele nezinye izilimi. I-CV yakho izothunyelwa kumhumushi okhuluma ulimi lwendabuko, ozohumusha umbhalo ngokunembile nangekhono. I-Nitro ayinakho ukuhleleka okuncane, ngakho-ke uma udinga ukwenza izinguquko ku-resume yakho ehunyushiwe, ungakwazi ukuthumela kalula imigqa embalwa yombhalo ukuze ihunyushwe. Isevisi iyashesha: Amaphesenti angama-50 ama-oda aselungile kungakapheli amahora ama-2, ama-96% ngaphansi kwamahora angama-24.
Source: www.habr.com