U-Elon Musk ungomunye wabantu abavelele kakhulu ekhulwini lama-XNUMX. Unjiniyela, usomabhizinisi kanye nosozigidi onemibono engenakucatshangwa. I-PayPal, i-Tesla, i-SpaceX yonke indalo yakhe, futhi usomabhizinisi ngeke ayeke kumaphrojekthi ambalwa aphumelele emhlabeni jikelele. Ukhuthaza izigidi zabantu ngesibonelo sakhe futhi ufakazela ukuthi ngisho nomuntu oyedwa uyakwazi ukushintsha izwe libe ngcono.
U-Elon Musk ukhuluma kakhulu ezingqungqutheleni nasezifundweni, unikeza izingxoxo futhi uqhuba amanethiwekhi omphakathi. Futhi abalandeli bakhe abaningi baqaphela ukuthi isiNgisi sakhe sihluke ngandlela-thile kune-American classic.
Kulesi sihloko sizohlaziya ngokuningiliziwe isiNgisi sika-Elon Musk, indlela yakhe yokugcizelela kanye nezici zokuphimisela amagama. Sizophinde sihlaziye ukuthi ishintshe kanjani inkulumo yesiNgisi kasomabhizinisi kule minyaka engu-20 edlule. Ngakho, asihambe.
Indlela u-Elon Musk aphimisa ngayo: waseNingizimu Afrika noma waseMelika?
U-Elon Musk wachitha ubuntwana bakhe ePitoli, inhloko-dolobha yeRiphabhulikhi yaseNingizimu Afrika. IsiNgisi siwulimi olusemthethweni eNingizimu Afrika, ngakho sifundiswa esikoleni futhi sisetshenziswa kabanzi ekuphileni kwansuku zonke.
Umthelela wolimi lwesiBhunu ekuthuthukisweni kwesiNgisi eNingizimu Afrika awusho lutho, kodwa mayelana nokuphinyiswa nokuphinyiswa kwamagama lusazwakala.
Ekuqaleni komsebenzi wakhe webhizinisi, u-Elon Musk wayenegama elivamile le-Praetorian. Lokhu kungazwakala ngokucacile kumavidiyo okuqala naye.
Cishe ngo-1999, uMusk wathola ukuthandwa nengcebo. Uhlelo lokukhokha lwe-PayPal, angumsunguli walo, seluthole ukusatshalaliswa komhlaba wonke ngonyaka nje wokuthuthuka.
Ividiyo ikhombisa ngokusobala u-Elon Musk ekhuluma. Futhi isisho sakhe saseningizimu sibonakala ngokucacile, esalungiswa kancane ngokuhlala eCanada (ngo-1999 usomabhizinisi wayehlala eCanada).
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi indlela kaMusk yokukhuluma ayiyona eyaseNingizimu ngokuphelele. Kukhona amaMelika amaningi kuwo.
Isibonelo, isici esiphawuleka kakhulu sokuphimisa kwaseNingizimu Afrika ukuphinyiswa kwe-diphthong "ai" ngamagama afana nokuphila, ukukhanya, ukulwa. Enguqulweni yaseMelika, wonke aphinyiswa ngokuthi [aɪ]: [laɪf], [laɪt], [faɪt].
Ungalalela umsindo wamagama ngendlela yakudala yaseMelika .
NgesiNgisi saseNingizimu, [aɪ] imvamisa iba [ɔɪ], njengokucasulayo noma ithoyizi.
Kodwa enkulumweni ka-Elon Musk, amagama alula nokuphila azwakala ajwayelekile endlebeni yaseMelika. Ungakuzwa kuvidiyo engenhla.
U-Musk usebenzisa i-American [r] evamile, lapho ichopho lolimi linganyakazi futhi lingadlidlizi. Esimweni saseNingizimu Afrika, bavame ukusebenzisa igama eliqinile elithi [r], elizwakala liseduze nesiRashiya. Konke kumayelana nezici zokuphimisela kwalo msindo ngesiBhunu - lapho kushubile kunesiNgisi.
Indlela kaMusk yaseMelika yokuphimisela komsindo [r] ilula kakhulu ukuyichaza. I-Hard [r] ikhulunywa kakhulu ngabantu baseNingizimu Afrika, ulimi lwabo lokuqala isiBhunu kanye nesiNgisi njengolimi lwabo lwesibili. U-Elon unokuphambene nalokho: IsiNgisi ulimi lwakhe lwendabuko, futhi isiBhunu ulimi lwakhe lwesibili.
Ukwengeza, ithonya lokuhlala eCanada nase-United States lishintshe ulimi lukaMusk kancane.
Manje sizohlaziya lezo zici zenkulumo yaseNingizimu Afrika ezigcinwe enkulumweni kaMusk kuze kube namuhla.
Ukuntuleka kokumisa isikhashana emagameni nokugwinya imisindo
Esinye sezici eziphawulekayo zesiNgisi saseNingizimu Afrika izinga eliphezulu lokukhuluma kanye nokungabikho nhlobo kokuma phakathi kwamagama.
Uma ngesiNgisi saseBrithani ukumiswa kucacile, ngesi-American kungase kungabibikho lapho kubizwa ama-athikili noma izinqamuleli, khona-ke eNingizimu Afrika umusho wonke ungaphinyiswa ngomoya owodwa, ngaphandle kokumisa nhlobo.
U-Elon Musk unolimi olukhulunywa ngokushesha kakhulu. Akame kancane phakathi kwamagama. Futhi ngenxa yalokhu, akakwazi nje ukuphimisa imisindo eminingi. Ake siqale ngesibonelo.
Egameni elithi have, usomabhizinisi uvamise ukukhipha umsindo [h], ngakho esikhundleni sokuthi [hæv] kuvele ['æv]. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amabizo abalulekile aqala ngohlamvu H ahlala enomsindo.
UMusk uvame ukugwinya onkamisa ezihlokweni nasezabizwaneni. The, lokho, yabo kanye efanayo. Enkulumeni esheshayo, uwisa unkamisa aphinde aphimisele igama kanye nolandelayo.
Ngasebenza esitolo sikapende... - Ngasebenza esitolo sikapende.
00:00:39U-Musk ubiza inkulumo ethi "Ngasebenza esitolo sokupenda" ngokunyakaza okukodwa. Kuvela lokhu okulandelayo: [aɪ wɜrkɪn' z'peɪnʃɑp].
Ungezwa kahle ukuthi embhalweni othi “usebenze ngaphakathi,” uMusk uyekile isiphetho esithi “-ed,” yingakho elithi “worked in” lizwakala ncamashi njengokuthi “ukusebenza.” Ngesikhathi esifanayo, isihloko esithi "the" sincishiswe cishe ngokuphelele - kuphela umsindo [z] osele kuwo, ozwakala njengesiqalo segama elilandelayo. Ngu-[z], hhayi [ð] noma [θ]. Futhi, ekuhlanganisweni kwamagama athi “isitolo sikapende” umsindo [t] wehliswa.
Izifinyezo ezifanayo nazo zivamile ngesiNgisi saseMelika, kodwa ngezinga elincane.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi lokhu kungazwakala kuphela ezingxoxweni zikaMusk, lapho ekhuluma khona ngokomzwelo. Cishe akukho ukuhlanganisa umsindo okunjalo ekudlalweni kwasesiteji.
Ukusetshenziswa njalo komsindo we-[z]
Esimweni saseNingizimu Afrika, umsindo [z] (njengaku-zip noma zebra) uvame ukusetshenziswa esikhundleni sika-[s].
U-Elon Musk naye wenza lokhu. Futhi hhayi kuphela enkulumweni evamile, kodwa ngisho egameni inkampani yakhe - Tesla.
NgesiNgisi saseMelika, uTesla uzobizwa ngokuthi [ˈtɛslə]. AbaseBrithani bavame ukuphimisa umsindo [s] kuleli gama njengomsindo ophindwe kabili - lokhu kuyamukeleka.
U-Musk ubiza igama lenkampani ngokuthi [ˈtɛzlə], nge- [z]. Leli qiniso lisabamangaza bobabili abaseBrithani nabaseMelika, ngakho-ke uLesley Stahl, intatheli edumile yesiteshi sikamabonakude saseMelika i-CBS, wabuza uMusk umbuzo oqondile wokuthi uliphimisa kanjani igama elithi Tesla. Futhi waqinisekisa ukuthi kwakudlula u-z.
Lokhu kufakwa esikhundleni kuka- [s] ngokuthi [z] esinye sezici zesimo saseningizimu. Futhi u-Elon Musk akakayiqedi.
Ukuqhathanisa isiNgisi sika-Elon Musk ngo-1999 nango-2020
Uma uqhathanisa ukurekhodwa okutholakalayo kwenkulumo ka-Elon Musk kusukela ngo-1999 no-2020, kuyacaca ukuthi isiNgisi sakhe sesiphenduke saseMelika kakhulu. Uma ngo-1999 inkulumo yakhe yayingamaphesenti angama-60 waseNingizimu Afrika kanye nama-40% aseMelika, manje isingama-75% aseMelika kanye nama-25% kuphela aseNingizimu Afrika.
Izinguquko ku-Elon's English azikwazi ukubizwa ngokuthi zibucayi kakhulu, kodwa zisekhona.
Ngo-1999, u-Elon wakhuluma onkamisa abaningi ngekhala lakhe. Lolu hlobo lokuphimisa ngamakhala luvame kakhulu eNingizimu Afrika. Ngo-2020, akukho nomkhondo walokhu osele. Izinkulumo ezingxoxweni zanamuhla zingamaMelika ngokuphelele. Kukhona izinsolo zokuthi ngemva kokuba impumelelo emhlabeni wonke beza kuye, Musk ngokukhethekile wafunda inkulumo esiteji ukuze akhulume kahle ezingqungqutheleni nasezifundweni.
Ekuphileni kwansuku zonke nasezingxoxweni ezingakahleleki, unamaphimbo ephimbo laseningizimu, kodwa lapho ekhuluma phambi kwezilaleli, akanawo.
Futhi, u-Elon akasenazo “izikhathi” ngamagama anjengokuthi “iningi”, “izindleko”, “ngizitholile”. Ngo-1999, wakhuluma wonke la mazwi esebenzisa [ɔ:]. Lokhu kungazwakala ngokucacile ekurekhodweni kusukela ngo-1999 ekuqaleni kwesihloko. Mo-ost, ko-ost, go-ot - lena cishe indlela la magama azwakala ngayo. Manje sebengamaMelika ngokuphelele, nge-[ɒ]: [mɒst], [kɒst], [gɒt].
Mayelana nesilulumagama, azikho izinguquko. U-Elon Musk akazange asebenzise izinkulumo ze-slang ezivela esiNgisini saseNingizimu Afrika ngo-1999 noma ngo-2020. Usebenzisa ngokugcwele i-neologisms kanye ne-slang yesayensi, kodwa lokhu kuyingxenye yomsebenzi wakhe.
Ngokuvamile, ungabona ukuthi i-accent ka-Elon Musk ishintshile kangakanani eminyakeni engu-20. Futhi kuyaqondakala, ngoba kule minyaka engu-20 uye wahlala futhi wasebenza e-USA. Noma ngabe usomabhizinisi engazange asebenzele ukwenza inkulumo yakhe ibe yiMelika (futhi sisacabanga ukuthi uyenzile), isiNgisi sakhe namuhla siningi kakhulu eMelika kunesaseNingizimu Afrika.
Sisebenzisa isibonelo sabantu abaningi abadumile, siyabona ukuthi ukuze udale isisho esifunayo, kubalulekile ukucwiliswa ku-ecosystem egcwele yolimi lwesiNgisi. Yilokhu kanye esikusebenzise ku-EnglishDom. Lokhu kunikeza imiphumela emihle kakhulu - ngemva kwezinyanga ezi-3 kuphela zamakilasi, abafundi baseLondon BayiNhloko-dolobha YaseGreat Britain baqhubekela phambili nokulungisa ukuphimisela ngendlela yakudala yaseBrithani noma yaseMelika. Yonke imikhiqizo ye-ecosystem yethu ingezansi nje.
Lesi sigaba sisha kithi, ngakho sinentshisekelo embonweni wakho. Bhala lokho okucabangayo mayelana nesigaba ukuze uthole ukuhlaziya okuningiliziwe kwamagama osaziwayo. Silindele ukuphawula kwakho!
I-EnglishDom.com isikole esiku-inthanethi esikukhuthaza ukuba ufunde isiNgisi ngobuchwepheshe nokunakekelwa kwabantu
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Source: www.habr.com