Sisebenzisa kanjani amaketanga e-Markov ekuhloleni izixazululo nasekutholeni iziphazamisi. Ngeskripthi sePython

Kubalulekile ngathi ukuthi siqonde ukuthi kwenzekani kubafundi bethu ngesikhathi sokuqeqeshwa nokuthi le micimbi iwuthinta kanjani umphumela, ngakho sakha Imephu Yohambo Lwekhasimende - imephu yesipiliyoni samakhasimende. Phela, inqubo yokufunda ayiyona into eqhubekayo futhi ebalulekile, iwuchungechunge lwezenzakalo ezixhumene nezenzo zomfundi, futhi lezi zenzo zingahluka kakhulu phakathi kwabafundi abahlukene. Manje usesiqedile isifundo sakhe: yini azoyenza ngokulandelayo? Ingabe izoya emsebenzini wesikole? Ingabe izokwethula uhlelo lokusebenza lweselula? Ngabe uzoshintsha izifundo, acele ukushintsha othisha? Ungaya ngqo esifundweni esilandelayo? Noma uzohamba nje ephoxekile? Kungenzeka yini, ngokuhlaziya le mephu, ukukhomba amaphethini aholela ekuqedeni ngempumelelo isifundo noma, ngokuphambene, "ekuyekeni" komfundi?

Imvamisa, amathuluzi akhethekile, abiza kakhulu omthombo ovaliwe asetshenziswa ukwakha i-CJM. Kodwa besifuna ukuqhamuka nento elula, edinga umzamo omncane futhi, uma kungenzeka, umthombo ovulekile. Ngakho kwavela umqondo wokusebenzisa amaketanga kaMarkov - futhi saphumelela. Sakhe imephu, sahumusha idatha mayelana nokuziphatha kwabafundi ngendlela yegrafu, sabona izimpendulo ezingabonakali ngokuphelele ezindabeni zebhizinisi lomhlaba wonke, saze sathola neziphazamisi ezifihleke ngokujulile. Senze konke lokhu sisebenzisa izixazululo zeskripthi zomthombo ovulekile wePython. Kulesi sihloko ngizokhuluma ngamacala amabili naleyo miphumela engabonakali kakhulu futhi ngihlanganyele iskripthi nawo wonke umuntu.

Ngakho-ke, amaketanga kaMarkov akhombisa amathuba okushintsha phakathi kwemicimbi. Nasi isibonelo sakudala esivela ku-Wikipedia:

Lapha u-“E” kanye “no-A” yizehlakalo, imicibisholo ingushintsho phakathi kwazo (okuhlanganisa ukuguquka ukusuka esehlakalweni kuya kwesinye), futhi izisindo zemicibisholo amathuba okuguquka (“igrafu eqondisiwe enesisindo”).

Usebenzise ini?

Isekethe yaqeqeshwa ngokusebenza okujwayelekile kwePython, eyayifunzwa ngamalogi omsebenzi wabafundi. Igrafu ku-matrix engumphumela yakhiwe umtapo wezincwadi we-NetworkX.

Ilogi ibukeka kanje:

Leli ifayela le-csv eliqukethe ithebula lamakholomu amathathu: i-id yomfundi, igama lomcimbi, isikhathi esenzeka ngaso. Lezi zinkambu ezintathu zanele ukulandelela ukunyakaza kweklayenti, ukwakha imephu futhi ekugcineni uthole uchungechunge lwe-Markov.

Umtapo wolwazi ubuyisela amagrafu akhiwe ngefomethi ethi .dot noma .gexf. Ukuze ubone ngeso lengqondo okwakuqala, ungasebenzisa iphakheji ye-Graphviz yamahhala (ithuluzi le-gvedithi), sisebenze ne-.gexf kanye ne-Gephi, futhi mahhala.

Okulandelayo ngithanda ukunikeza izibonelo ezimbili zokusebenzisa amaketanga e-Markov, okusivumele ukuthi sibheke kabusha imigomo yethu, izinqubo zemfundo, kanye ne-Skyeng ecosystem ngokwayo. Hhayi-ke, lungisa iziphazamisi.

Icala lokuqala: isicelo seselula

Okokuqala, sihlole uhambo lwabafundi ngomkhiqizo wethu odume kakhulu—isifundo Esijwayelekile. Ngaleso sikhathi, bengisebenza emnyangweni wezingane waseSkyeng futhi besifuna ukubona ukuthi uhlelo lokusebenza lweselula lusebenza ngempumelelo kangakanani nezilaleli zezingane zethu.

Ukuthatha izingodo ngizisebenzise ngombhalo, ngithole into enjengale:

I-node yokuqala ithi Qala Okujwayelekile, futhi ngezansi kukhona izindawo ezintathu zokukhipha: umfundi "walala," washintsha inkambo, futhi waqeda isifundo.

• Walala, "Walala" - lokhu kusho ukuthi akasafundi, cishe wawa. Lesi simo sibiza ngethemba ngokuthi “silele”, ngoba... ngombono, usenalo ithuba lokuqhubeka nezifundo zakhe. Umphumela omubi kakhulu kithi.
• Okuvamile okuyehlisiwe, Kushintshiwe inkambo - yashintsha isuka kokujwayelekile yaya kwenye futhi yaduka ngenxa yeketango lethu le-Markov.
• Uqedile izifundo, Uqedile izifundo - isimo esihle, umuntu uqedile izifundo ezingu-80% (akuzona zonke izifundo ezidingekayo).

Ukungena endaweni yekilasi eliphumelele kusho ukuqeda isifundo ngempumelelo endaweni yethu kanye nothisha. Irekhoda inqubekelaphambili phakathi nesifundo kanye nendlela ofinyelela ngayo kumphumela ofisa ukuwufinyelela - “Uqedile isifundo.” Kubalulekile kithi ukuthi abafundi bawuhambele ngangokunokwenzeka.

Ukuze uthole iziphetho ezinembile zobuningi zohlelo lokusebenza lweselula (indawo yeseshini yohlelo lokusebenza), sakhe amaketanga ahlukene endaweni ngayinye yokugcina sabe sesiqhathanisa izisindo zonqenqema ngokubhanqiswa ngakubili:

• kusukela kuseshini yohlelo lokusebenza emuva kukho;
• kusukela kusikhathi sohlelo lokusebenza kuya ekilasini eliphumelelayo;
• kusukela ekilasini eliphumelelayo kuya kuseshini yohlelo lokusebenza.

Kwesokunxele kukhona abafundi abaphothule izifundo, kwesokudla kukhona “abalele”

Le miphetho emithathu ibonisa ubudlelwano phakathi kwempumelelo yomfundi nokusebenzisa kwabo uhlelo lokusebenza lweselula. Besilindele ukubona ukuthi abafundi abaphothule izifundo bazoba nokuxhumana okuqinile nesicelo kunabafundi abalala. Nokho, eqinisweni sithole imiphumela ephambene:

• senze isiqiniseko sokuthi amaqembu ahlukene abasebenzisi asebenzisana nohlelo lokusebenza lweselula ngendlela ehlukile;
• abafundi abaphumelele basebenzisa uhlelo lokusebenza lweselula kancane kancane;
• abafundi abalalayo basebenzisa uhlelo lokusebenza ngenkuthalo.

Lokhu kusho ukuthi abafundi abalalayo baqala ukuchitha isikhathi esiningi kuhlelo lokusebenza lweselula futhi, ekugcineni, bahlale kulo phakade.

Saqale samangala, kodwa ngemva kokucabanga ngakho, saqaphela ukuthi lokhu kwakuwumphumela ongokwemvelo ngokuphelele. Ngesinye isikhathi, ngafundela isiFulentshi ngedwa ngisebenzisa amathuluzi amabili: uhlelo lokusebenza lweselula kanye nezifundo zohlelo lolimi ku-YouTube. Ekuqaleni, ngahlukanisa isikhathi phakathi kwabo ngesilinganiso sika-50 kuya ku-50. Kodwa isicelo sijabulisa kakhulu, kukhona i-gamification, yonke into ilula, iyashesha futhi icacile, kodwa enkulumweni kufanele uhlolisise, ubhale okuthile phansi. , prakthiza ebhukwini. Kancane kancane, ngaqala ukuchitha isikhathi esiningi ku-smartphone yami, kuze kube yilapho isabelo saso sikhula saba ngu-100%: uma uchitha amahora amathathu kuyo, udala umuzwa wamanga womsebenzi ophelile, ngenxa yokuthi awunaso isifiso sokuhamba ulalele noma yini. .

Kodwa kungenzeka kanjani lokhu? Phela, sidale ngokukhethekile uhlelo lokusebenza lweselula, yakhelwe kuyo ijika lase-Ebbinghaus, wayidlala, wayenza yathandeka ukuze abantu bachithe isikhathi kuyo, kodwa kuvele ukuthi iyabaphazamisa nje? Eqinisweni, isizathu siwukuthi ithimba lesicelo seselula libhekane kahle kakhulu nemisebenzi yalo, ngenxa yalokho laba umkhiqizo opholile, owanele futhi laqala ukuphuma ohlelweni lwethu lwendalo.

Ngenxa yocwaningo, kwacaca ukuthi uhlelo lokusebenza lweselula ludinga ukushintshwa ngandlela thize ukuze lungaphazamiseki kakhulu esifundweni esikhulu. Futhi kokubili izingane kanye nabantu abadala. Lo msebenzi uyaqhubeka njengamanje.

Icala lesibili: iziphazamisi zokugibela

Ukugibela kuyinqubo yokuzikhethela eyengeziwe lapho ubhalisa umfundi omusha, esusa izinkinga zobuchwepheshe ezingaba khona esikhathini esizayo. Isimo esiyisisekelo sithatha ukuthi umuntu ubhalise ekhasini lokufika, uthole ukufinyelela ku-akhawunti yakhe yomuntu siqu, uthintwa futhi anikezwe isifundo sesethulo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, siphawula amaphesenti amakhulu obunzima bezobuchwepheshe ngesikhathi sesifundo sokuqala: inguqulo engalungile yesiphequluli, imakrofoni noma umsindo awusebenzi, uthisha akakwazi ukuphakamisa isisombululo ngokushesha, futhi konke lokhu kunzima kakhulu uma kufika. ezinganeni. Ngakho-ke, senze uhlelo olwengeziwe ku-akhawunti yakho yomuntu siqu, lapho ungaqedela khona izinyathelo ezine ezilula: hlola isiphequluli sakho, ikhamera, imakrofoni futhi uqinisekise ukuthi abazali bazoba seduze ngesikhathi sesifundo sesethulo (ngemuva kwakho konke, yibona abakhokhelayo. imfundo yezingane zabo).

Lawa makhasi ambalwa okugibela abonise ifaneli efana nalena:

1: Ibhulokhi yokuqala enamafomu amathathu ahluke kancane (kuye ngokuthi iklayenti) amafomu okungena ngemvume kanye nephasiwedi.
2: ibhokisi lokuhlola elivumelana nenqubo eyengeziwe yokugibela.
2.1-2.3: Hlola ubukhona bomzali, inguqulo ye-Chrome nomsindo.
3: ibhulokhi yokugcina.

Kubukeka kungokwemvelo kakhulu: ezinyathelweni ezimbili zokuqala, izivakashi eziningi zihamba, ziqaphela ukuthi kukhona okuzogcwalisa, hlola, kodwa asikho isikhathi. Uma iklayenti lifinyelele isinyathelo sesithathu, khona-ke cishe lizofinyelela ekugcineni. Asikho nesisodwa isizathu sokusola okuthile kufaneli.

Noma kunjalo, sinqume ukuhlaziya ukugibela kwethu hhayi kufaneli yakudala enohlangothi olulodwa, kodwa sisebenzisa iketango le-Markov. Sivule imicimbi eyengeziwe, sasebenzisa iskripthi futhi sathola lokhu:

Kulesi siphithiphithi, into eyodwa kuphela engaqondwa ngokucacile: kukhona okungahambanga kahle. Inqubo yokugibela iwumugqa, lokhu kungokwemvelo ekwakhiweni, akufanele kube khona iwebhu enjalo yokuxhumana kuyo. Futhi lapha kusobala ngokushesha ukuthi umsebenzisi uphonswa phakathi kwezinyathelo, phakathi kwazo akufanele kube khona ukuguqulwa nhlobo.

Kungase kube nezizathu ezimbili zalesi sithombe esingavamile:

• izinhlanzi zangena kusizindalwazi selogi;
• Kunamaphutha kumkhiqizo ngokwawo - ukugibela.

Isizathu sokuqala cishe siyiqiniso, kodwa ukusihlola kudinga abasebenzi abaningi, futhi ukulungisa izingodo ngeke kusize ukuthuthukisa i-UX. Kodwa ngeyesibili, uma ikhona, bekufanele kwenziwe okuthile ngokuphuthumayo. Ngakho-ke, sahamba sayobheka ama-node, sikhomba imiphetho engafanele ibe khona, futhi sibheke izizathu zokuvela kwazo. Sibonile ukuthi abanye abasebenzisi babambeka futhi bahamba emibuthanweni, abanye bawa phakathi nendawo ekuqaleni, kanti abanye, ngokomthetho, abakwazanga ukuphuma ezinyathelweni ezimbili zokuqala. Sidlulisele idatha ku-QA - futhi yebo, kwavela ukuthi kwakukhona iziphazamisi ezanele ekugibeleni: lokhu kungumkhiqizo onjalo, into encane, ayizange ihlolwe ngokujulile ngokwanele, ngoba... Besingalindele izinkinga. Manje yonke inqubo yokuqopha isishintshile.

Le ndaba isibonise ukusetshenziswa okungalindelekile kwamaketanga kaMarkov emkhakheni we-QA.

Zizame wena!

Ngithumele eyami Isikripthi sePython sokuqeqesha amaketanga kaMarkov endaweni yomphakathi - yisebenzisele impilo yakho. Amadokhumenti ku-GitHub, imibuzo ingabuzwa lapha, ngizozama ukuphendula yonke into.

Yebo, izixhumanisi eziwusizo: Ilabhulali ye-NetworkX, Isibonisi se-Graphviz. Futhi lapha kukhona isihloko ngoHabre mayelana namaketanga kaMarkov. Amagrafu esihlokweni enziwe kusetshenziswa UGephi.

Source: www.habr.com