Indlela yokusetha i-Levitron yesiShayina

Kulesi sihloko sizobheka okuqukethwe kwe-electronic kwamadivayisi anjalo, isimiso sokusebenza kanye nendlela yokumisa. Kuze kube manje, ngihlangabezane nezincazelo zemikhiqizo yefekthri eqediwe, mihle kakhulu, futhi ayishibhile kakhulu. Kunoma yikuphi, ngokusesha okusheshayo, amanani aqala kuma-ruble ayizinkulungwane eziyishumi. Nginikeza incazelo yekhithi yamaShayina yokuzihlanganisa ngezinkulungwane eziyi-1.5.

Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukucacisa lokho okuzoxoxwa ngakho. Kunezinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu zama-levitator kazibuthe, futhi ukuhlukahluka kokusetshenziswa okuthile kuyamangalisa. Izinketho ezinjalo, lapho odonsa unomphela, ngenxa yezici zokuklama, zitholakala njengezigxobo ezibhekene nomunye nomunye, azinasithakazelo kunoma ubani namuhla, kodwa kunezinketho eziningi zobuqili. Ngokwesibonelo lokhu:

Isimiso sokusebenza sichazwe ngokuphindaphindiwe, ukubeka kafushane - kukhona i-magnet ehlala njalo elenga endaweni yamagnetic ye-solenoid, ukuqina kwayo kuncike kusignali yenzwa yehholo.
Isigxobo esihlukile sikazibuthe asijiki ngenxa yeqiniso lokuthi sibekwe endaweni eyimbulunga, eshintsha ngokuphawulekayo isikhungo samandla adonsela phansi siye phansi. Isifunda se-elekthronikhi sedivayisi silula kakhulu futhi sidinga cishe akukho ukucushwa.

Kunezinketho zokwenza amaphrojekthi afanayo ku-Arduino, kodwa lokhu kuvela ochungechungeni "kungani ukwenza kube lula uma kungase kube nzima."

Lesi sihloko sinikezelwe kwenye inketho, lapho kusetshenziswa khona isitendi esikhundleni sokumiswa:

Esikhundleni sembulunga, imbali noma enye into ingenzeka, njengoba umcabango wakho ubeka. Ukukhiqizwa kwe-serial kwamathoyizi anjalo sekusunguliwe, kodwa amanani awajabulisi muntu. Ebukhulu be-Ali Express ngithole isethi yezingxenye ezilandelayo:

okuwukugcwaliswa kwesitendi nge-elekthronikhi. Intengo ebuzwayo ingama-ruble ayizinkulungwane eziyi-1,5 uma "indlela yomthengisi" ikhethiwe.

Ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni yokuxhumana nomthengisi, ikwazile ukuthola umdwebo wedivayisi, kanye nemiyalelo yokusetha ngesiShayina. Okwangithinta ngokukhethekile ukuthi umdayisi unikeze isixhumanisi sevidiyo lapho uchwepheshe echaza yonke into ngokuningiliziwe, nangesiShayina. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, isakhiwo esihlanganisiwe sidinga ukulungiswa okunekhono nokubuhlungu; akunangqondo ukuyiqala “ngokuphazima kweso.” Yingakho nginqume ukucebisa i-RuNet ngemiyalo ngesiRashiya.

Ngakho, ukuze. Ibhodi lesifunda eliphrintiwe lenziwe endaweni enhle kakhulu; njengoba kwavela, yayinezingqimba ezine, okungadingeki ngokuphelele. Izinga lomsebenzi lihle kakhulu futhi yonke into ihlolwe ngosilika futhi idwetshwa ngokuningiliziwe. Okokuqala, kulula kakhulu ukwenza izinzwa ze-Solder Hall, futhi kubaluleke kakhulu ukuzibeka ngendlela efanele. Isithombe esiseduze sinamathiselwe.

Indawo ebucayi yezinzwa kufanele ibe yingxenye yobude be-solenoids.
Inzwa yesithathu, egobe ngohlamvu "G", ingaphakanyiswa kancane. Isikhundla saso, ngendlela, asibucayi ikakhulukazi - sisebenzela ukuvula amandla ngokuzenzakalelayo.

Ngingancoma ukukhweza ama-solenoids ukuze imikhondo kusukela ekuqaleni kokumayo ibe phezulu. Ngale ndlela bazosukuma ngokulinganayo, futhi kunengozi encane yokujikeleza okufushane. Ama-solenoid amane enza isikwele; kuyadingeka ukuxhuma ama-diagonal ngamabili. Ebhodini lami, idayagonali eyodwa yayibhalwe ukuthi X1,Y1, kanti enye yayibhalwe X2,Y2.

Akulona iqiniso ukuthi uzohlangana okufanayo. Isimiso sibalulekile: sithatha i-diagonal, sixhuma amatheminali angaphakathi amakhoyili ndawonye, ​​​​bese sixhuma amatheminali angaphandle kumjikelezo. Amandla kazibuthe adalwe yipheya ngayinye yamakhoyili kufanele abhekane.

Amakholomu amane kamazibuthe ahlala njalo kufanele afakwe ukuze wonke abheke ohlangothini olufanayo. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isenyakatho noma eningizimu, kubalulekile ukuthi ungavumelani.

Ngemuva kwalokho, sibhekana ngokuzolile nezingxenye futhi sinamathele kuzo ngokusho kokuphrinta kwesikrini sikasilika. I-tinning kanye ne-metallization kuhle kakhulu, ukunamathisela ibhodi elinjalo kuyajabulisa.

Manje sekuyisikhathi sokuhlolisisa ukusebenza kwesekethe ye-elekthronikhi.

I-node J3 - U5A - Q5 itholakala ngokuhlukana kancane. I-Element J3 iyinzwa yeHholo ende kunazo zonke futhi enemilenze egobile. Lokhu akukhona okwedlula ukushintshwa kwamandla kwedivayisi okuzenzakalelayo. Inzwa J3 ithola lona kanye iqiniso lokuba khona kokuntanta ngaphezu kwaso sonke isakhiwo. Sibeke i-float futhi amandla avuliwe. Kususiwe - kuvaliwe. Lokhu kunengqondo kakhulu, ngoba ngaphandle kokuntanta ukusebenza kwesekethe kuba yize.

Uma amandla enganikiwe, i-float izonamathela iqine kokunye kwezigxobo kazibuthe. Sicela uqaphele: lokhu kulungile, kufanele kube njalo. I-float kufanele iphendulelwe ngapha. Iqala ukusunduza kuphela uma imaphakathi nesakhiwo. Kodwa ngenkathi izinto zikagesi zingasebenzi, nakanjani uwela kwelinye lama-vertices esikwele.

Isilawuli siklanywe kanje: ama-halves amabili alinganayo, ama-amplifiers amabili ahlukene, ngamunye uthola isignali kusuka kunzwa yakhe yeHholo futhi ulawula ibhuloho le-H, umthwalo walo i-solenoids.

Enye ye-amplifiers ye-LM324, isibonelo, i-U1D, ithola isignali kusuka ku-sensor J1, ezinye ezimbili, i-U1B ne-U1C, zisebenza njengabashayeli be-H-bridge eyakhiwe ngama-transistors Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4. Inqobo nje uma ukuntanta kuphakathi nendawo yesikwele, isikhulisi se-U1D kufanele silingane futhi izingalo zombili zebhuloho le-H zivalwe. Lapho nje iflothi iqonda kwenye yama-solenoid, isignali evela ku-sensor J1 iyashintsha, ingxenye ethile yebhuloho i-H iyavuleka, futhi ama-solenoid aheha izindawo ezinozibuthe eziphambene. Leyo eseduze nendawo entantayo kufanele iyisunduze. futhi yikuphi okunye - ngokuphambene nalokho, ukuheha. Ngenxa yalokho, intanta ibuyela lapho ivela khona. Uma iflothi indiza ibuyela emuva kakhulu, enye ingalo yebhuloho le-H izovuleka, i-polarity yokunikezwa kwamandla ku-solenoid ebhangqayo izoshintsha, futhi ukuntanta kuzophinde kuqhubekele phakathi nendawo.

I-diagonal yesibili kuma-transistors Q6, Q7, Q8, Q9 isebenza ngendlela efanayo. Yiqiniso, uma uphazamisa ukuhlukaniswa kwezigaba zamakhoyili noma ukufakwa kwezinzwa, konke kuyoba okungalungile ngokuphelele futhi idivayisi ngeke isebenze.

Kodwa ubani okuvimbela ukuba uhlanganise yonke into ngendlela efanele?

Manje njengoba sesiyiqonda isekethe ye-elekthronikhi, inkinga yokumisa isicace kakhudlwana.
Надо закрепить поплавок в центре, и установить движки потенциометров R10 и R22 таким образом, чтобы оба плеча обоих H-мостов были закрыты. Ну, скажем, «закрепить» — это я погорячился, наверное можно подержать поплавок руками, точнее, одной рукой, а второй рукой крутить поочередно два многооборотных резистора. Как выяснилось, эти резисторы не спроста многооборотные — буквально пол оборота на одном из них, и настройка слетает. Откуда растут мои руки — секрет, но на ощупь я не смог уловить изменений поведения поплавка в зависимости от положения движка потенциометра. Осмелюсь предположить, что разработчик испытывал такие же трудности, а потому предусмотрел на плате две такие перемычки.

Uyawabona ama-jumper amabili phezulu kwesokunxele nakwesokudla? Baphula isekethe phakathi kwe-solenoids ne-H-bridge. Inzuzo kubo iphindwe kabili: ngokususa enye ye-jumpers, ungakwazi ukuvala ngokuphelele enye ye-diagonal, futhi ngokuvula i-ammeter esikhundleni somunye, ungabona isimo se-H-bridge yesinye i-diagonal.

Njengokwehla kwezwi, ngiyaqaphela ukuthi uma amabhuloho e-H kuwo womabili ama-diagonal evulekile ngokuphelele, ukusetshenziswa kwamanje kungafinyelela ama-ampere amathathu. Ezimweni ezinjalo, kuzoba nzima kakhulu ukuthi i-transistor Q5 ihlale iphila. Ngenhlanhla, ingakwazi ukumelana nomthwalo onjalo isikhathi esifushane, kodwa udinga ukuvula ama-resistors amabili ama-multi-turn, futhi awukwazi kusengaphambili ukuthi kuphi.

Ngakho-ke ngokusetha kokuqala, ngincoma ngokuqinile ukuthintana nge-diagonal ngayinye ngokwehlukana: vala okwesibili nge-jumper ukuze i-Q5 ingabhemi.

Njengoba i-current edlula kuma-solenoid ingashintsha indlela, amaShayina anezingqimba lapho inaliti imile iqondile phakathi nesilinganiso. Ngakho-ke bazizwa behle futhi bekhululekile: bakhipha ama-jumpers, banamathele ama-ammeters ezikhaleni, futhi baphendule ngokuthula abaphikisayo kuze kube yilapho imicibisholo iya ku-zero.

Kwadingeka ngishiye i-jumper eyodwa ivuliwe, futhi ngixhume kwelinye igebe umhloli omdala waseSoviet kwimodi ye-ammeter enomkhawulo wokulinganisa wama-ampere angu-10. Uma i-current ivele ihluke, umhloli uhambe kancane esikalini waya kwesokunxele, futhi ngesineke ngiphendule isikulufu kuze kube yilapho umhloli ebuyela kuqanda. Lena kwakuwukuphela kwendlela yokwenza izinguquko zokuqala. Khona-ke kwakungenzeka ukuvula kokubili ama-diagonal futhi ulungise ukulungiswa, ukufeza ukuzinza okukhulu kwe-float. Ungakwazi futhi ukulawula inani lamanje elisetshenziswa idivayisi: kancane. kunembe kakhudlwana isilungiselelo.

Njengomkhuba, ngiphrinte i-Levitron case kuphrinta ye-3D. Akuzange kube kuhle njengethoyizi eliphelile lezinkulungwane eziyishumi, kodwa nganginesithakazelo kumgomo wezobuchwepheshe, hhayi ubuhle.

Source: www.habr.com