В Ekubuyekezeni kwethu ama-hacks empilo awusizo kubafundi, sikhulume ngocwaningo lwesayensi ngemuva kweseluleko esisobala - "phuza amanzi amaningi," "ukuzivocavoca," "hlela isimiso sakho sansuku zonke." Kule ngxenye, sizobheka "ama-hacks" angabonakali, kanye nezindawo ezibhekwa namuhla njengenye yethembisa kakhulu ekuqeqesheni. Ake sizame ukuthola ukuthi "ama-doodle emaphethelweni encwajana" angasiza kanjani, futhi kuziphi izimo ukucabanga ngokuhlolwa kukusiza ukuthi uphumelele kangcono.
Photography
inkumbulo yemisipha
Ukuhambela izinkulumo kungenye iseluleko esisobala kulabo abafuna ukufunda kangcono. Futhi, ngendlela, enye ethandwa kakhulu ku . Nakuba ukuvakasha kukodwa ngokuvamile akwanele, abaningi benu bayasazi lesi simo: nilungiselela ithikithi lokuhlolwa, futhi anikhumbuli ukuthi yini ngempela uthisha ekhulume ngayo, nakuba uqiniseka ngokugcwele ukuthi wawusekilasini ngalolo suku. .
Ukuze usebenzise kahle isikhathi sakho phakathi nezinkulumo, ososayensi bayeluleka ukuqeqesha inkumbulo yemisipha - okungukuthi, okokuqala, ukubhala amanothi. Lokhu akugcini nje ngokukuvumela ukuthi ubuyele kuzo kamuva (okusobala kahle), kodwa isenzo sokubhala imininingwane ngesandla sikusiza ukuthi uyikhumbule kangcono. Nokho, ngezinye izikhathi ukuze ukhumbule kangcono imiqondo enzima, kunengqondo ukuthi ungagcini nje ngokuyibhala phansi, kodwa uyibhale phansi futhi uyidwebe.
Ungazama ukwethula idatha ngesimo seshadi noma umdwebo (okunzima kakhulu uma kufanele ulalele ngokucophelela umfundisi), kodwa ngezinye izikhathi ukuze ukhumbule kangcono ulwazi, kwanele ukuhlanganisa amanothi nge-scribbles. noma ama-doodles (igama lalolu hlobo lomdwebo futhi lithi “").
Ama-doodle angavela njengamaphethini aphindayo, imigqa, izifinyezo—noma ubuso, izilwane, noma amagama ngamanye (njengaku ). Ungakwazi ukudweba noma yini - isici esibalulekile sama-doodles ukuthi umkhuba onjalo awumthathi ngokuphelele umuntu - ngokungafani, isibonelo, ukusebenza kanzima ekilasini lobuciko.
Ekuboneni kokuqala, i-doodling iyacasula - kubonakala sengathi umuntu uzama ukubulala isikhathi futhi ugxile emicabangweni yakhe. Empeleni, kuvela ukuthi ama-doodle, ngokuphambene, asisiza ukuthi siqonde kangcono imiqondo emisha futhi siyikhumbule.
Ngo-2009, kwashicilelwa iphephabhuku elithi Applied Cognitive Psychology imiphumela yocwaningo olwenziwe yiSikole Sezengqondo eNyuvesi yasePlymouth (UK). Ihlanganisa abantu abangu-40 abaneminyaka engu-18 kuya ku-55. Izihloko lalela umsindo orekhodiwe “wocingo oluvela kumngane” (kokurekhodiwe, ummemezeli ngezwi elizwakalayo efunda incwadi eyodwa “yomngane” oyinganekwane exoxa ngokuthi ubani ongaya ephathini yakhe nokuthi ubani ongakwazi ukuya, futhi kungani ). Iqembu elilawulayo lacelwa ukuba libhale phansi ephepheni amagama alabo abazoya emcimbini (futhi akukho okunye) njengoba bebhala.
Iqembu lokuhlola lanikezwa ishidi lezikwele nemibuthano futhi lacela ukuthungatha izimo ngenkathi lilalele (izihloko zaxwayiswa ukuthi isivinini nokunemba kwe-shading kwakungabalulekile - ukuthungatha kwakuwukudlula isikhathi kuphela).
Ngemuva kwalokhu, zonke izifundo zicelwe ukuthi ziqale zisho labo abazoya emcimbini, bese zibalula amagama ezindawo ezishiwo lapho kuqoshwa khona. Imiphumela yayimangaza kakhulu - kuzo zombili izimo, abantu abacelwa ukuba bafake umthunzi izimo babenembe kakhulu (iqembu lokuhlola likhumbule ulwazi olwengeziwe ngo-29% kuneqembu elilawulayo, nakuba bengacelwanga ukuthi baqophe noma bakhumbule noma yini nhlobo).
Lo mphumela omuhle ungaba ngenxa yokuthi ukubhala uqulekile kukuvumela ukuthi uhlanganyele indlela yokwenziwa yokusebenza kobuchopho. "Izishoshovu ze-Doodle" njengoSunni Brown, umbhali I-Doodle Revolution ikholelwa ukuthi ama-doodle akuyona nje indlela yokugcina izandla zakho zimatasa, kodwa ayindlela yokwenza ubuchopho bakho busebenze. Ngamanye amazwi, iwumshini osivumela ukuthi siqalise "ama-workaround" lapho sifika ekugcineni - okusho ukuthi i-doodle ingasiza uma, ngokwesibonelo, unenkinga yokuxazulula inkinga noma ukuthola amagama afanele ento ebhaliwe. iphepha.
Ukubuyela ekukhumbuleni ulwazi, ukubhala emaphethelweni kukusiza ukuthi wakhe kabusha imininingwane yalokho obekwenzeka eduze kwakho ngenkathi ukudweba. Jessie Prince (), uSihlalo weKomidi Lokucwaninga Ngemikhakha Ehlukahlukene Yesikole Sokuthweswa Kweziqu zobuDokotela eCity University yaseNew York, ukuthi, ebuka ama-doodle akhe, akhumbule kalula okwaxoxwa ngakho lapho ewadweba. Uqhathanisa ama-doodle namakhadi eposi - uma ubheka ikhadi leposi olithenge ohambweni, izinto zifika engqondweni ngokushesha ezihlobene nalolo hambo - izinto okungenzeka ukuthi ngeke ukwazi ukuzikhumbula kanjalo nje.
Isithombe nge-ITMO University
Lokhu kuyinzuzo “yamanothi anama-doodles” (uma kuqhathaniswa namanothi avamile): ukuthatha amaphuzu okuqinile njalo kuzokuphazamisa kulokho uthisha akushoyo njengamanje, ikakhulukazi uma enikeza inani elikhulu lezinto ezingadalelwe ukubizelwa. Uma uthwebula amaphuzu ayinhloko ngendlela evamile futhi ushintshela kuma-doodle njengoba uwachaza, ungaluqonda udaba kangcono ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa umucu wendaba.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-doodling ayifanele yonke imisebenzi. Isibonelo, uma udinga ukubamba ngekhanda futhi ufunde inani elikhulu lezithombe (amashadi, amagrafu), imidwebo yakho izokuphazamisa kuphela - I-Wall Street Journal Lokhu kusekelwa ucwaningo olwenziwa eNyuvesi yaseBritish Columbia. Uma yomibili imisebenzi idinga ukucubungula ulwazi olubonakalayo, ukwenza i-doodling kusivimbela ukuthi sigxile kulokho okubaluleke ngempela ngaleso sikhathi.
Kungcono ukuziba i-doodling nalapho ungenaso isiqiniseko sokuthi amaqiniso namafomula anikezwe umfundisi angatholakala kalula kweminye imithombo. Kulesi simo, kuphephile ukuqeqesha inkumbulo yemisipha ngosizo lwamanothi amadala amahle kuphela.
Ulwazi mayelana nolwazi
Enye indawo okufanele icatshangelwe kulabo abafuna ukufunda kangcono izinqubo ze-metacognitive (i-second-order cognition, noma, kalula, esikwaziyo ngolwazi lwethu). UPatricia Chen, umcwaningi waseStanford osebenza kule ndawo, : “Ngokuvamile, abafundi baqala umsebenzi ngokungacabangi, ngaphandle kokuzama ukuhlela kusenesikhathi ukuthi imiphi imithombo engcono kakhulu abangayisebenzisa, ngaphandle kokuqonda ukuthi yini enhle ngayo ngamunye wabo, ngaphandle kokuhlola ukuthi izinsiza ezikhethiwe zingasetshenziswa kanjani ngokuphumelelayo.”
U-Chen nozakwabo benza uchungechunge lwezifundo (imiphumela yabo yaba ngonyaka odlule kujenali Psychological Science) kanye nokuhlola okubonisa ukuthi ukucabanga ngokufunda kungabakhuthaza kanjani abafundi ukuthi benze kangcono. Njengengxenye yolunye ucwaningo, abafundi banikezwe uhlu lwemibuzo cishe ezinsukwini eziyi-10 ngaphambi kokuhlolwa - ababhali balo babacela ukuthi bacabange ngokuhlolwa okuzayo futhi baphendule imibuzo mayelana nokuthi umfundi ufuna ukulithola liphi ibanga, libaluleke kangakanani leli banga kuye futhi. mangakanani amathuba okuthi ayithole.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, abafundi bacelwa ukuba bacabange ukuthi yimiphi imibuzo okungenzeka ukuthi ivele esivivinyweni futhi bahlonze ukuthi iyiphi imikhuba yokutadisha engu-15 ekhona (ukulungiselela amanothi ezinkulumo, ukufunda incwadi, ukutadisha imibuzo yokuhlolwa, ukuxoxa nontanga, ukuthatha izifundo nge umfundisi, nokunye) bazosebenzisa. Ngemuva kwalokho bacelwa ukuthi bachaze ukukhetha kwabo futhi bachaze ukuthi yini ngempela abazokwenza - empeleni, benze uhlelo lokulungiselela ukuhlolwa. Iqembu elilawulayo livele lathola isikhumbuzi mayelana nokuhlolwa nokubaluleka kokusifundela.
Ngenxa yalokho, abafundi abenze uhlelo empeleni benze kangcono esivivinyweni, bathola amamaki ngokwesilinganiso ingxenye yesithathu yephoyinti eliphakeme (ngokwesibonelo, “A+” esikhundleni sika-“A” noma “B” esikhundleni sokuthi “B-”) . Baphinde baphawula ukuthi bazizwa beqiniseka ngokwengeziwe futhi babe nokuzithiba okungcono ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa. Ababhali bocwaningo bagcizelela ukuthi bakhethe ababambiqhaza bokuhlola ukuze kungabikho umehluko wezibalo phakathi kwamaqembu-iqembu lokuhlola alizange libe nabafundi abanekhono noma abagqugquzeleke kakhulu.
Njengoba ososayensi bephawula, okutholakele okubalulekile ocwaningweni lwabo ukuthi ngokunaka izinqubo ze-metacognitive nokubonisana ngomsebenzi, wenza umsebenzi obalulekile owengeziwe. Ngenxa yalokho, ikuvumela ukuthi uhlele kangcono ulwazi lwakho, uhlale ugqugquzelekile futhi uthole izixazululo eziphumelela kakhulu - kokubili ukulungiselela ukuhlolwa kanye nanoma yiziphi ezinye izimo.
TL; DR
- Ukuze usebenzise kahle isikhathi osichithe ezifundweni, sebenzisa inkumbulo yemisipha. Inketho elula ukuthatha amanothi ezinkulumo. Enye indlela amanothi kanye ne-doodling. Le ndlela ikusiza ukuthi ubone kangcono ulwazi olusha futhi ulukhumbule ngempumelelo kakhudlwana. Ama-Doodles akuvumela ukuthi ukhumbule izici eziningi enkumbulweni yakho, ezifana namakhadi eposi noma izithombe zokuhamba, ukubukeka kwazo “okucupha” izinkumbulo zakho.
- Iphuzu elibalulekile ukuthi ukuze ukwenza i-doodling kukusize ngempela ukuthi ukhumbule izinto ezintsha kangcono, kubalulekile ukuthi lo msebenzi uhlale unomshini futhi uzenzekela. Uma ucwilisa emdwebeni, cishe ngeke ukwazi ukubona noma yiluphi olunye ulwazi.
- Hlanganisa i-doodling namanothi "akudala". Bhala phansi amaqiniso ayisisekelo kanye namafomula "indlela yendabuko." Sebenzisa i-doodling uma: 1) ngesikhathi senkulumo kubalulekile ukuthi ubambe ingqikithi yomqondo othile, uqonde incazelo yawo, futhi usunayo idatha eyisisekelo ngesihloko; futhi 2) uthisha unikeza inani elikhulu lempahla futhi ayisho ngokushesha, hhayi ngefomethi ekurekhodi. Ungasishayi indiva isicelo sikathisha sokuloba lokhu noma lelo phuzu ngokubhala.
- Ngokwabanye ososayensi, ukwenza i-doodling kusebenze inethiwekhi ye- passive mode yobuchopho. Ngakho-ke, kungasiza uma “usekupheleni.” Ingabe likhona igama noma itemu esihlokweni solimi lwakho kodwa awukwazi ukulikhumbula? Unenkinga yokuthola amagama afanele omsebenzi wakho obhaliwe? Uke wazama zonke izindlela zokuxazulula inkinga futhi usuqala ukucasuka? Zama ukwenza ama-doodle aqulekile bese ubuyela emsebenzini ngemva kwesikhathi.
- Ukugxila “ekwazini ulwazi lwakho” kungenye indlela yokufunda kangcono. Cabanga ukuthi kungani udinga ukuxazulula lokhu noma leyo nkinga, yiziphi izindlela nezindlela ezingase zifanele lokhu, cabangela izinzuzo nezingozi zendlela ngayinye engenzeka. Lokhu kuzokuvumela ukuthi ugcine ugqozi (uphendule umbuzo wokuthi kungani udinga lokhu nokuthi yimiphi imiphumela oyilindele kuwena esivivinyweni noma ekupheleni kwesifundo). Ngaphezu kwalokho, le ndlela ikuvumela ukuthi uhlele inketho ephumelela kakhulu yokuzilungiselela (awusawubambi umthombo wokuqala wolwazi ohlangana nawo) futhi uhlale uzolile ngenkathi uhlola ulwazi lwakho.
Engxenyeni yokugcina yokubuyekezwa kwethu, sizokhuluma ngendlela yokukhumbula nokugcina ulwazi: ukuthi ukuxoxa izindaba kungasiza kanjani kule ndaba nokuthi ungalinqoba kanjani “ijika lokukhohlwa.”
Source: www.habr.com