Ngaphambili thina , yiluphi ucwaningo olusekela iseluleko esithandwayo mayelana nendlela “yokufunda ukufunda.” kuxoxwe ngezinqubo ze-metacognitive kanye nokuba wusizo "kokubhala emaphethelweni."
Engxenyeni yesithathu - batshela . Ngendlela, sikhulume ngenkumbulo ngokwehlukana и , futhi - sithole ukuthi kanjani "".
Namuhla sizoxoxa ukugxilisa ingqondo, "imisebenzi eminingi" kanye nokumpompa ukunaka.
Isithombe: /Vula
Ukunaka “kuyinzwa yawo wonke amasistimu angokwengqondo”
I-General psychology ichaza ukunaka njengekhono lomuntu lokugxila esikhathini esithile kunoma iyiphi into: into, umcimbi, isithombe noma ukucabanga. Ukunaka kungaba ngokuzithandela - kuncike ekuthakaseleni okuqaphelayo, futhi okungafuneki noma okungokwemvelo (uzobona ukushaya izandla okujwayelekile kokuduma, kungakhathaliseki isifiso sakho). Isidingo esinye isici esibalulekile esithonya ukunakwa: umuntu olambile ohambahamba edolobheni uzobheka izindawo zokudlela namathilomu kaningi kunomuntu owondlekile.
Izici ezibaluleke kakhulu zokunaka ukukhetha kwayo kanye nevolumu. Ngakho emcimbini, umuntu uqala ukuzwa umsindo ovamile wamazwi kuphela. Kodwa-ke, ngokushesha nje lapho umngane wakhe ekhuluma ngokuzumayo eduze kwakhe, ukunaka komunye nomunye umuntu kuzoshintsha emazwini abo nasekukhulumeni. Lesi simo, esaziwa ngokuthi "i-cocktail party effect", senziwe ngokuhlolwa ngo-1953 ngu-Edward Colin Cherry wase-Imperial College, eNyuvesi yaseLondon.
Inani lokunaka lingavezwa ngenani lezinto umuntu akwazi ukugxila kuzo ngesikhathi esithile. Kumuntu omdala, lokhu kucishe kube yizinto ezine kuya kweziyisihlanu, isithupha esiphezulu, izinto ezingahlobene: isibonelo, izinhlamvu noma izinombolo. Lokhu akusho ukuthi ngesikhathi esisodwa sibona amagama ambalwa kuphela embhalweni - lawa angaba izingcezu ze-semantic zezinto. Kodwa inani labo alikho ngaphezu kwesithupha.
Okokugcina, ukunakwa kubonakala ngokukwazi kwayo ukusuka komunye umsebenzi kuya komunye (ukungabikho kwengqondo kusuka kulo mbono kuyikhono elinganele lokwenza lokhu ngokuphumelelayo) nokuzinza - ikhono lokugcina ukugxila isikhathi esithile. Lesi sakhiwo sincike ezicini zezinto ezifundwayo kanye nomuntu ngokwakhe.
Isithombe: /Vula
Ukugxilisa ukunaka kungenye yemibandela yokusebenza ngempumelelo nokufunda. Charles Darwin encwadini yempilo yakhe ethi “Izinkumbulo Zokuthuthuka Komqondo Nobuntu Bami” ukuthi umsebenzi wakhe awuzange usizwe nje kuphela “umkhuba wokuzikhandla, kodwa nokunaka noma yiliphi ibhizinisi ayematasa kulo.” Futhi isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo sase-Anglo-American u-Edward Bradford Titchener encwadini yakhe ethi “Lectures on the Experimental Psychology of Sensation and Attention” (1908) "Inzwa yayo yonke isistimu yengqondo."
Ikhono lokugxilisa ingqondo linomthelela omuhle ekusebenzeni kwezemfundo. Mayelana nakho Ucwaningo lwe-MIT olwenziwa eBoston. Bakhuluma ngokunaka “njengohlobo lomsebenzi wengqondo okudingeka ukwazi ukuwulondoloza.”
Ukwenza izinto eziningi kuyinganekwane
Izincwadi ezidumile zibhala ukuthi kungenzeka ukwandisa ukusebenza kahle komsebenzi futhi kuthuthukiswe ukulalelisisa ngokuzijwayeza ukwenza imisebenzi eminingi. Kodwa-ke, ngokusho kocwaningo, i-multitasking iyikhono, okokuqala, elingenakwenzeka ukuthuthukisa, futhi okwesibili, akudingekile ngokuphelele.
Ngokusho isazi sezengqondo nosolwazi eNyuvesi yase-Utah David Strayer, ukwenza imisebenzi eminingi kuyimpahla eyingqayizivele: akukho ngaphezu kuka-2,5% wabantu abanayo. Kunqunywa ngokofuzo futhi ukuyithuthukisa kuwukumosha isikhathi. “Siyazikhohlisa futhi sithambekele ekucabangeni ngokweqile ikhono lethu lokwenza izinto eziningi,” usosayensi.
Izivivinyo, eNyuvesi yaseStanford ibonise ukuthi izifundo ezibekwe ngaphansi kwezimo zokuxazulula izinkinga ezimbalwa ngesikhathi esisodwa zenza kabi kakhulu emisebenzini. Ukwenza izinto eziningi kungase kubonakale kuphumelela ekuqaleni, kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kuthatha isikhathi esifinyelela ku-40% futhi imiphumela igcwele amaphutha. e-American Psychological Association.
Indlela yokuthuthukisa ukugxilisa ingqondo
Ungalalelisisa. Ngokwesibonelo, kukhona , okubonisa ukuthi izindlela ezihlukahlukene zokuzindla - kokubili izinqubo zendabuko zaseMpumalanga nezanamuhla ezivamile e-USA naseYurophu, azisizi nje kuphela ukukhulula ukucindezeleka nokuthuthukisa ukuzithiba, kodwa futhi zithuthukisa kakhulu ikhono lokugxila.
Nokho, akuwona wonke umuntu ofuna ukuzindla. Ngenhlanhla, kunezinye izindlela. UTom Wujec waseSingularity University, izivivinyo ezimbalwa ezilula. Ingabe uhlezi esitimeleni esingaphansi komhlaba noma ume endaweni yokupaka izimoto? Indlela engcono kakhulu yokubulala isikhathi nokuqeqesha ukunaka kwakho ngesikhathi esifanayo iwukugxila imizuzu emihlanu kuphosta yokukhangisa noma isitikha sebhampa emotweni engaphambili, ngaphandle kokucabanga nganoma yini enye. Ingabe ufunda incwadi enzima futhi uyaphazamiseka? Khumbula isiqeshana lapho uduke khona bese uphinde usifunde futhi.
Isithombe: /Vula
Yiqiniso, lokhu sikwenza ngaphandle kweseluleko sikaTom Wijack, kodwa uthi kusebenza kahle. Uhlezi enkulumweni eyisicefe noma inkomfa? Hlala ngokukhululekile ngangokunokwenzeka. Uzomane uphoqeleke ukuthi ulalele ngokucophelela, i-Wijek iyaqinisekisa. Insiza yezemfundo Mission.org Funda izincwadi ezijwayelekile eziphrintiwe nsuku zonke, ezizokufundisa ukugxila emsebenzini owodwa isikhathi eside futhi uzindle. Kodwa kithi kubonakala sengathi iseluleko esinjalo sisobala kakhulu.
Ukuthuthukisa ukunaka “ngesayensi”
Umbono wososayensi ubonakala uyindida: ukuze ulalelisise, awudingi ukuthuthukisa leli khono ngokuzivocavoca okukhethekile noma ukuziphoqa ngawo wonke amandla akho, kodwa vele unike ingqondo yakho ukuphumula. Izazi zokusebenza kwengqondo zocwaningo zikholelwa ukuthi: umuntu ulahlekelwa ikhono lokugxila hhayi ngoba engakwazi noma engafuni ukukwenza. Ukuhlehlisa akukona ukungasebenzi kahle, kodwa kuyisici esiyinhloko sesimiso sezinzwa esiza ubuchopho bethu busebenze ngokujwayelekile: ukunaka okukhulu (i-lobe yangaphambili ye-cerebral cortex inesibopho salokhu) kudinga izindleko ezinkulu kakhulu zamandla, ngakho-ke ngokuphazanyiswa, phumuza ingqondo.
UPaul Seley, isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo eHarvard University, Kulungile, ukubiza ukuhlehlisa "ukuzulazula kwengqondo." Uthi kuwufanele ukuphumula ngobuhlakani, ecaphuna ucwaningo lokho kumagazini i-NeuroImage. Awudingi nje "ukuphupha", kodwa sebenzisa isikhathi sakho sokuphumula ukuze uxazulule inkinga yansuku zonke elula engadingi umzamo omkhulu wokuhlakanipha. Ngemuva kwalokhu, ungabuyela ezifundweni zakho futhi uphinde ugxile.
Iseluleko sikaPaul Cely siyavumelana naso , eyatholwa emuva ngo-1993: ubuchopho buyakwazi ukusebenza kanzima isikhathi esingengaphezu kwemizuzu engu-90. Kudingeka ikhefu lemizuzu engu-15 ukuze ululame.
Ocwaningweni lwakamuva olwenziwa abacwaningi baseNyuvesi yase-Illinois inzuzo yesikhashana kakhulu - imizuzwana embalwa - amakhefu ("amakhefu" engqondo) ngenjongo efanayo. E-Georgia Tech ukuthi umbono wezinto ezibonakalayo uthuthukiswa ngokuzivocavoca umzimba, futhi i-caffeine ithuthukisa inkumbulo nokunaka. Futhi e-Australian National University benza ucwaningo nabafundi abangu-124 futhi ukuthi amavidiyo ahlekisayo e-YouTube akusiza ukuthi uphumule futhi ululame ukuze ukwazi ukugxilisa ingqondo ngempumelelo kamuva.
TL; DR
- Ukusebenza kwemisebenzi eminingi kuyinganekwane. Khumbula ukuthi u-2,5% kuphela wabantu “abenza imisebenzi eminingi” ngempela. Leli khono linqunywa ngokofuzo futhi cishe akunakwenzeka ukuthuthuka. Kwabanye, ukwenza izinto eziningi kuwukumosha isikhathi namaphutha emsebenzini.
- Ungathanda ukuzindla; kuyindlela enhle ngempela yokufunda ukunaka. Yiqiniso, uzodinga ukuzijwayeza ukuzindla njalo.
- Uma ungakwazi ukugxilisa ingqondo, ungagconi ubuchopho bakho. Kumele aphumule. Thatha ikhefu, kodwa wasebenzise ngokuhlakanipha: ukuzivocavoca okulula, inkomishi yekhofi, noma ukuxazulula inkinga yansuku zonke elula kuzokusiza ukuthi ubuyele ekutadisheni futhi uphinde uthole ukugxila kwakho ngokuphumelelayo.
Yini enye esinayo ngo-Habré:
Source: www.habr.com