Kunokuthunyelwe okuningi ku-Habré mayelana nokuthi ungawuthola kanjani umsebenzi eMelika. Inkinga ukuthi kuzwakala sengathi i-95% yale mibhalo ibhalwe ngabathuthukisi. Lokhu kuwukuntula kwabo okuyinhloko, njengoba namuhla kulula kakhulu ukuba umdwebi wezinhlelo eze e-States kunabameleli bezinye izingcweti.
Mina ngokwami ngathuthela e-USA eminyakeni engaphezu kwemibili edlule njengochwepheshe bezokumaketha ku-inthanethi, futhi namuhla ngizokhuluma ngokuthi yiziphi izindlela zokuthuthela kwelinye izwe ezitholakala kwabangewona abenzi bezinhlelo.
Umbono oyinhloko: kuzoba nzima kakhulu kuwe ukuthola umsebenzi ovela eRussia
Indlela ejwayelekile yokuthi umenzi wezinhlelo athuthele eMelika iwukuba azifunele umsebenzi eyedwa noma, uma enolwazi oluhle, aphendule omunye wemiyalezo yabaqashwayo ku-LinkedIn, izingxoxo ezimbalwa, amaphepha kanye, empeleni, hambisa.
Kochwepheshe bezentengiso, abaphathi bezinhlelo kanye nabanye ochwepheshe abahlobene ne-inthanethi, kodwa hhayi ukuthuthukiswa, konke kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Ungathumela amakhulukhulu empendulo ezikhaleni ezivela kumasayithi afana ne-Monster.com, useshe okuthile ku-LinkedIn, impendulo izoba yincane - awukho eMelika, futhi kuleli zwe abekho abahleli bezinhlelo abanele, kodwa baningi noma abancane ngokwanele abaphathi, abakhangisi nezintatheli . Ukuthola umsebenzi ukude kuzoba nzima kakhulu. Ukuthuthwa kwesisebenzi esisodwa ku-visa yomsebenzi kuzobiza inkampani ~ $ 10 ayizinkulungwane, isikhathi esiningi, futhi esimweni se-visa yomsebenzi we-H1-B, kunethuba lokungawini ilotho futhi ushiywe ngaphandle kwesisebenzi. Uma ungeyena umhleli wekhwalithi, akekho ozokusebenzela kanzima kangaka.
Akunakwenzeka ukuthi uzokwazi ukuthutha ngokuthola umsebenzi enkampanini yaseMelika eRussia futhi ucele ukushintshwa eminyakeni embalwa. Umqondo ucacile - uma uzibonakalisa bese ucela ukudluliselwa ehhovisi langaphandle, kungani kufanele wenqatshelwe? Eqinisweni, ezimweni eziningi cishe ngeke wenqatshwe, kodwa amathuba akho okungena eMelika ngeke ande kakhulu.
Yebo, kunezibonelo zokufuduka ngokwalolu hlelo, kodwa futhi, kunengqondo kakhulu kumhleli, futhi nakulokhu, ungalinda iminyaka ukuze uthuthwe. Indlela esebenzayo kakhulu ukuzifundisa, ukuthuthukisa umsebenzi, ukusebenza kumaphrojekthi athakazelisayo, bese uthatha isiphetho ezandleni zakho bese uhamba wedwa.
Ukuze ngisize labo abathuthela e-USA, ngaqala iphrojekthi iyisayithi lapho ungathola khona ulwazi lwakamuva kakhulu ngezinhlobo ezahlukene zama-visa, uthole iseluleko nosizo lokuqoqa idatha yecala lakho le-visa.
Njengamanje sivota kuphrojekthi yethu kuwebhusayithi ye-Product Hunt. Uma ukuthandile esikwenzayo noma unemibuzo, babuze noma wabelane ngolwazi lwakho lokusebenzisa/izifiso zakho zokuthuthuka .
Isinyathelo 1. Nquma nge-visa yakho
Ngokuvamile, okwamanje kunezinketho ezintathu kuphela zangempela zokuhamba, uma ungacabangi ngokuwina ilotho yekhadi eliluhlaza kanye nazo zonke izinhlobo zezinketho ngokufuduka komndeni kanye nemizamo yokuthola ukukhoseliswa kwezombusazwe:
I-visa ye-H1-B
I-visa yomsebenzi ojwayelekile. Ukuze uwuthole udinga inkampani ezosebenza njengomxhasi. Kukhona ama-quota ama-visa e-H1B - ngokwesibonelo, isabelo sonyaka wezimali ka-2019 sasiyizinkulungwane ezingama-65, naphezu kokuthi izinkulungwane eziyi-2018 zafaka isicelo se-visa enjalo ngo-199. Lawa ma-visa anikezwa ngelotho.
Amanye ama-visa ayizinkulungwane ezingama-20 anikezwa labo chwepheshe abathole imfundo yabo e-United States (I-Master's Exemption Cap). Ngakho-ke kunengqondo ukucabangela inketho yokufunda e-USA nokufuna umsebenzi noma ngabe une-diploma yendawo.
I-visa ye-L-1
Lezi zinhlobo zama-visa zinikezwa abasebenzi bezinkampani zaseMelika ezisebenza ngaphandle kwezwe. Uma inkampani inehhovisi elimele eRussia noma, isibonelo, eYurophu, ngemva kokusebenza lapho unyaka ungafaka isicelo se-visa enjalo. Awekho ama-quota ayo, ngakho-ke iyindlela elula kakhulu kune-H1-B.
Inkinga wukuthola inkampani ezokuqasha bese ifuna ukukuthuthela kwenye indawo - imvamisa umqashi ufuna isisebenzi esihle ukuthi sibe wusizo endaweni akuso isikhathi eside ngangokunokwenzeka.
I-Visa yabantu abanekhono O1
I-visa ye-O-1 yenzelwe abantu abanamakhono abavela emikhakheni ehlukahlukene abadinga ukuza e-United States ukuzoqedela amaphrojekthi omsebenzi. Abamele ibhizinisi banikezwa i-visa ye-O-1A (lokhu ukukhetha kwakho njengesisebenzi senkampani yezohwebo), kuyilapho i-visa ye-O-1B subtype ihloselwe abaculi.
Le visa ayinawo ama-quotas futhi ungasifaka ngokuphelele ngokwakho - lena inzuzo enkulu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ungajahi ukucabanga ukuthi kuzoba lula, okuphambene kakhulu.
Okokuqala, i-visa ye-O-1 idinga umqashi. Ungakwazi ukuzungeza lokhu ngokubhalisa inkampani yakho futhi uziqashe wena. Uzodinga futhi ukuhlangabezana nenani lemibandela, futhi uqashe ummeli ukuze alungiselele isicelo sakho se-visa - konke lokhu kuzothatha okungenani amaRandi ayizinkulungwane ezingu-10 nezinyanga ezimbalwa. Ngibhale kabanzi mayelana nenqubo yokubhalisa futhi lapha Lo mbhalo uqukethe uhlu lokuhlola ukuze uhlole ngokuzimele amathuba akho okuthola i-visa enjalo - yonga amakhulu ambalwa amadola ngokubonisana kokuqala nommeli.
Isinyathelo #2. Ukudala i-airbag yezezimali
Iphuzu elibaluleke kakhulu elivame ukungacatshangwa yizindleko zokuthutha. Ukuthuthela ezweni elibiza njenge-USA kuzodinga inani elikhulu lemali. Okungenani, uzodinga kuphela okokuqala:
- Ukuqasha ifulethi - khokha inkokhelo encane kanye nediphozithi yesibambiso ngenani lemali yanyanga zonke. Emadolobheni amakhulu, kuzoba nzima ukuthola ifulethi elingaphansi kuka-$1400/ngenyanga. Uma unomndeni onabantwana, isibalo esingokoqobo sisuka ku-$1800 samagumbi amabili okulala (ifulethi elinamagumbi amabili okulala).
- Thenga izinto zasendlini eziyisisekelo njengephepha lasendlini yangasese, imikhiqizo yokuhlanza, amathoyizi athile ezingane. Konke lokhu kuvame ukubiza u-$500-1000 ngenyanga yokuqala.
- Kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthenga imoto. E-States kuvame ukuba nzima ngaphandle kwemoto, nakuba kukhona okuhlukile. Maningi amathuba okuthi uzodinga okungenani uhlobo oluthile lwemoto. Lapha izindleko zingancika kokuthandwayo, kodwa i-sedan evamile kakhulu noma engaphansi, engasetshenzisiwe yasendulo njenge-Chevy Cruze (2013-2014) ingathathwa ku-$5-7k. Kuzodingeka ukhokhe ngokheshi, ngoba akekho ozokunikeza imali mboleko enomlando wesikweletu onguziro.
- dla - ukudla eMelika kuyabiza kakhulu kunaseRussia. Mayelana nekhwalithi - yiqiniso, udinga ukwazi izindawo, kodwa amanani aphezulu ezintweni eziningi. Ngakho emkhayeni wabantu abadala ababili nezingane ezimbili, izindleko zokudla, ukuhamba, nezinto zasendlini cishe ngeke zibe ngaphansi kwama-$1000 ngenyanga.
Izibalo ezilula ziphakamisa ukuthi ngenyanga yokuqala ungase udinge ngaphezu kuka-$10k (okuhlanganisa nokuthengwa kwemoto). Ngasikhathi sinye, izindleko zivame ukukhula - izingane zizodinga inkulisa, evame ukukhokhwa lapha, izimoto ezisetshenzisiwe zibhidliza kaningi - futhi omakhenikha e-States bacishe baphonsa ingxenye bese befaka entsha enethegi yentengo ehambisanayo, njll. . Ngakho uma unemali eningi, uzozizwa uzolile.
Isinyathelo #3. Ukusesha umsebenzi e-USA kanye nenethiwekhi
Ake sithi ukwazile ukonga amashumi ambalwa ezinkulungwane zamaRandi, thola ummeli futhi uzitholele i-visa. Uze e-USA futhi manje udinga ukubheka amaphrojekthi/imisebenzi emisha lapha. Kungenzeka ukwenza lokhu, kodwa ngeke kube lula.
Iphuzu elibalulekile okufanele likhunjulwe ukuthi uma usebenzisa inethiwekhi ngokukhuthala, ayanda amathuba akho okuthola umsebenzi ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka. Kuyacaca ukuthi akukho okubi kakhulu kwabaqalayo, kodwa uma ufuna ukwakha umsebenzi ophumelelayo eMelika, lapho-ke wenza izinhlobo ezahlukene zojwayelene nawe, kuzoba ngcono.
Okokuqala, ukuxhumana kwenethiwekhi kuyasiza ngisho nangaphambi kokuthutha - ukuze uthole i-visa ye-O-1 efanayo, udinga izincwadi zokuncoma ezivela kochwepheshe abaqinile embonini yakho.
Okwesibili, uma wenza ojwayelene nabo phakathi kwalabo abaye bahamba indlela yakho ngaphambili futhi kakade basebenza enkampanini yaseMelika, lokhu kuvula amathuba amasha. Uma ozakwenu bangaphambili noma abantu obaziyo abasha besebenza ezinkampanini ezinhle, ungabacela ukuthi bakuncomele kwesinye sezikhundla ezivulekile.
Ngokuvamile, izinhlangano ezinkulu (ezifana ne-Microsoft, i-Dropbox, nokunye okunjalo) zinezingosi zangaphakathi lapho izisebenzi zingathumela khona kabusha i-HR yabantu abacabanga ukuthi bafanele izikhundla ezivulekile. Izinhlelo zokusebenza ezinjalo zivame ukuza kuqala kunezinhlamvu ezisuka kubantu abasemgwaqeni, ngakho-ke ukuxhumana okubanzi kuzokusiza ukuthi uvikele inhlolokhono ngokushesha.
Okwesithathu, uzodinga abantu obaziyo, okungenani ukuxazulula izinkinga zansuku zonke, okuzoba khona okuningi. Ukubhekana nomshwalense wezempilo, ubunkimbinkimbi bokuqasha, ukuthenga imoto, ukufuna izinkulisa nezigaba - uma unomuntu ocela iseluleko, konga isikhathi, imali, nezinzwa.
Isinyathelo #4. Ukugunyazwa okwengeziwe e-USA
Lapho uxazulula inkinga ngomsebenzi futhi uqala ukuthola imali engenayo, ngemva kwesikhathi esithile kuzovela umbuzo wokugunyazwa okwengeziwe ezweni. Lapha, futhi, kungase kube nezinketho ezahlukene: uma othile eza ezweni yedwa, angahlangana nomlingani wakhe wesikhathi esizayo ngepasipoti noma ikhadi eliluhlaza, esebenza ku-Google enemibandela, ungathola futhi ikhadi eliluhlaza ngokushesha - ngenhlanhla, izinkampani ezinjalo zinenqwaba yabasebenzi bemvelo, ungakwazi ukufeza indawo yokuhlala futhi ngokuzimela.
Ngokufana ne-visa ye-O-1, kunohlelo lwe-visa lwe-EB-1, olubandakanya ukuthola ikhadi eliluhlaza elisekelwe empumelelweni namakhono ochwepheshe. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukuhlangabezana nemibandela evela ohlwini olufana ne-visa ye-O-1 (imiklomelo yobungcweti, izinkulumo ezingqungqutheleni, ukushicilelwa kwabezindaba, iholo eliphezulu, njll.)
Ungafunda kabanzi nge-visa ye-EB-1 futhi ulinganisele amathuba akho usebenzisa uhlu lokuhlola .
isiphetho
Njengoba uqonda kalula embhalweni, ukuya e-USA kuyinqubo enzima, ende futhi ebizayo. Uma ungenawo umsebenzi odingeka kakhulu ukuthi umqashi wakho azobhekana ne-visa nezindaba zansuku zonke kuwe, kuzodingeka unqobe ubunzima obuningi.
Ngasikhathi sinye, izinzuzo zaseMelika zicacile - lapha ungathola imisebenzi ethakazelisa kakhulu emkhakheni we-IT ne-Intanethi, izinga lokuphila eliphakeme kakhulu, amathemba angenamkhawulo akho nezingane zakho, isimo esihle esijwayelekile imigwaqo, kanti kwezinye izifundazwe isimo sezulu esimangalisayo.
Ekugcineni, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kuwufanele yini ukucindezela kanzima ngakho konke lokhu, wonke umuntu uyazinqumela - into eyinhloko akufanele ube nenkohliso engadingekile futhi ulungiselele izinkinga ngokushesha.
Source: www.habr.com