Ngo-2010, ama-algorithms e-Google athola ukuthi cishe bekunezinhlelo ezihlukile eziyizigidi eziyi-130 ezishicilelwe emhlabeni wonke. Inani elincane ngokushaqisayo lalezi zincwadi eliye lahunyushelwa olimini lwesiRashiya.
Kodwa awukwazi nje ukuthatha futhi uhumushe umsebenzi owuthandile. Phela, lokhu kungaba ukwephulwa kwe-copyright.
Ngakho-ke, kulesi sihloko sizobheka ukuthi yini okudingeka yenziwe ukuze kuhunyushwe ngokusemthethweni incwadi kusuka kunoma yiluphi ulimi ukuya kwisiRashiya futhi ishicilelwe ngokusemthethweni eRussia.
Izici ze-copyright
Umthetho oyinhloko ukuthi awudingi ukuhumusha incwadi, indaba, noma i-athikili uma ungenayo idokhumenti ekunika ilungelo lokwenza kanjalo.
Ngokwesigaba 1, ubuciko. 1259 ye-Civil Code of the Russian Federation: “Izinjongo zelungelo lokushicilela ziyimisebenzi yesayensi, yezincwadi nezobuciko, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uyini ukufaneleka nenjongo yomsebenzi, kanye nendlela yokuvezwa kwawo.”
Amalungelo akhethekile omsebenzi angawombhali noma umnikazi we-copyright umbhali adlulisele kuye amalungelo. Ngokuvumelana ne-Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works, isikhathi sokuvikela singesempilo yonke yombhali kanye neminyaka engamashumi amahlanu ngemva kokufa kwakhe. Kodwa-ke, emazweni amaningi isikhathi sokuvikelwa kwe-copyright iminyaka engu-70, kuhlanganisa ne-Russian Federation. Ngakho-ke kunezinketho ezi-3 kuphela ezingenzeka:
- Uma umbhali womsebenzi ephila, udinga ukuxhumana naye ngokuqondile noma abanikazi bamalungelo akhethekile emisebenzini yakhe. Ngokusebenzisa i-Intanethi, ungathola ngokushesha ulwazi mayelana noxhumana nabo bombhali noma i-ejenti yakhe yetemibhalo. Vele uthayiphe "Igama lombhali + i-ejenti yemibhalo" kusesho. Okulandelayo, bhala incwadi ebonisa ukuthi ufuna ukuhumusha umsebenzi othile.
- Uma umlobi womsebenzi efa eminyakeni engaphansi kwengu-70 edlule, udinga ukubheka izindlalifa ezisemthethweni. Indlela elula yokwenza lokhu ngokusebenzisa indlu yokushicilela eshicilela imisebenzi yombhali ezweni lakubo. Sifuna othintana nabo, sibhale incwadi futhi silinde impendulo.
- Uma umbhali eshona eminyakeni engaphezu kwengama-70 edlule, umsebenzi uba yisizinda somphakathi futhi i-copyright iyahoxiswa. Lokhu kusho ukuthi imvume ayidingeki ekuhumusheni nasekushicilelweni kwayo.
Odinga ukukwazi ngaphambi kokuthi uqale ukuhumusha incwadi
- Ingabe ikhona inguqulo esemthethweni yencwadi yesiRashiya? Okuxakayo ukuthi, ngenxa yesasasa, abanye bayakhohlwa ngalokhu. Kulokhu, udinga ukucinga hhayi ngesihloko, kodwa ku-bibliography yombhali, ngoba isihloko sencwadi singashintshwa.
- Ingabe amalungelo okuhumushela umsebenzi olimini lwesiRashiya mahhala? Kwenzeka ukuthi amalungelo asedluliselwe kakade, kodwa incwadi ayikahunyushwa noma ishicilelwe. Kulesi simo, kufanele ulinde ukuhumusha futhi uzisole ngokuthi awukwazanga ukukwenza ngokwakho.
- Uhlu lwabashicileli ongabanikeza incwadi yomsebenzi. Ngokuvamile izingxoxo nomnikazi welungelo lokukopisha zigcina ngegama elithi: “Lapho uthola inkampani yokushicilela ezoshicilela incwadi, sizobe sesisenza isivumelwano mayelana nokudluliselwa kwamalungelo okuhumusha.” Ngakho izingxoxo nabashicileli kufanele ziqale esigabeni esithi “Ngifuna ukuhumusha”. Okuningi ngalokhu ngezansi.
Izingxoxo nomnikazi we-copyright yisiteji esingalindelekile kakhulu. Ababhali abangaziwa banganikeza amalungelo okuhumusha ngesamba esingokomfanekiso samadola angamakhulu ambalwa noma iphesenti lokuthengisa (ngokuvamile u-5 kuya ku-15%), ngisho noma ungenawo ulwazi njengomhumushi.
Ababhali be-echelon emaphakathi nama-ejenti wabo wokubhala bayangabaza impela ngabahumushi be-newbie. Nokho, ngezinga elifanele lentshiseko nokubekezela, amalungelo okuhumusha angatholakala. Abenzeli bezincwadi bavame ukucela isampula yokuhumusha abahumushi, bese beyidlulisela kochwepheshe. Uma izinga liphezulu, amathuba okuthola amalungelo ayakhula.
Ababhali abaphezulu basebenza ezingeni lezinkontileka phakathi kwezindlu zokushicilela, ezinikezwa amalungelo akhethekile okuhumusha nokushicilela umsebenzi. Cishe akunakwenzeka ukuthi uchwepheshe "wangaphandle" angene lapho.
Uma i-copyright isiphelelwe yisikhathi, ungaqala ukuyihumusha ngokushesha. Ungayishicilela ku-inthanethi. Ngokwesibonelo, kusayithi esigabeni Samizdat. Noma udinga ukubheka indlu yokunyathelisa ezonyathelisa.
Amalungelo omhumushi - kubalulekile ukwazi
Ngokusho kuka-Art. 1260 ye-Civil Code of the Russian Federation, umhumushi ungumnikazi welungelo lokushicilela elikhethekile lokuhumusha:
Amalungelo okushicilela omhumushi, umdidiyeli kanye nomunye umbhali wokuphuma kokunye noma oyinhlanganisela avikelwe njengamalungelo ezinto ezizimele ze-copyright, kungakhathaliseki ukuvikelwa kwamalungelo ababhali bemisebenzi lapho okuphuma kokunye noma okuyinhlanganisela kusekelwe khona.
Empeleni, ukuhumusha kuthathwa njengomsebenzi ozimele, ngakho umbhali wokuhumusha angakwazi ukukulahla ngokubona kwakhe. Ngokwemvelo, uma zingekho izivumelwano ezenziwe ngaphambilini zokudluliselwa kwamalungelo kulokhu kuhumusha.
Umbhali womsebenzi akakwazi ukuhoxisa ilungelo lokuhumusha, elibhalwe phansi. Kodwa akukho lutho olumvimbelayo ekunikezeni ilungelo lokuhumusha lencwadi komunye umuntu noma abantu abambalwa.
Okusho ukuthi, ungangena ezivumelwaneni nabashicileli ukuze ushicilele ukuhumusha futhi wenze inzuzo ngakho, kodwa awukwazi ukuvimbela umbhali ukuthi akhiphe imvume yokunye ukuhumusha.
Kuphinde kube nomqondo wamalungelo akhethekile wokuhunyushwa nokushicilelwa kwemisebenzi. Kodwa yizikhungo ezinkulu zokunyathelisa ezisebenza nabo. Isibonelo, indlu yokushicilela ye-Swallowtail inelungelo lokushicilela kuphela uchungechunge lwezincwadi ezikhuluma ngo-Harry Potter ngu-JK Rowling e-Russian Federation. Lokhu kusho ukuthi azikho ezinye izindlu zokushicilela eRussia ezinelungelo lokuhumusha noma ukushicilela lezi zincwadi - lokhu akukho emthethweni futhi kuyajeziswa.
Indlela yokuxoxisana nomshicileli
Abashicileli abasebenzi ngezithembiso, ngakho-ke ukuze nivumelane ngokushicilelwa kwencwadi ehunyushiwe, udinga ukwenza umsebenzi omncane.
Nali inani elincane elidingekayo cishe zonke izindlu zokushicilela ezidinga kubahumushi bangaphandle:
- Incwadi abstract
- Amazwibela ezincwadi
- Ukuhunyushwa kwesahluko sokuqala
Isinqumo sizoncika ezintweni eziningana. Okokuqala, umshicileli uzohlola ithuba lokushicilela le ncwadi emakethe yaseRussia. Amathuba amahle kakhulu ngawemisebenzi ethile engahumushwanga ngaphambilini ngababhali abangaphezulu noma abadumile. Okwesibili, umshicileli uzohlola ikhwalithi yokuhumusha nokuhambisana kwayo nokwangempela. Ngakho-ke, ukuhumusha kufanele kube kwekhwalithi ephezulu kakhulu.
Uma izinto zokusebenza sezilungile, ungathumela isicelo sokushicilelwa. Amawebhusayithi abashicileli ngokuvamile anesigaba esithi "Kwababhali abasha" noma okufanayo, esichaza imithetho yokuhambisa izicelo.
Kubalulekile! Isicelo akufanele sithunyelwe eposini elivamile, kodwa eposini lomnyango ukuze kusetshenzwe ngezincwadi zakwamanye amazwe (noma okufanayo). Uma ungabatholi abathintwayo noma umnyango onjalo ungekho endlini yokushicilela, indlela elula iwukufonela umphathi kwabathintwayo ababonisiwe bese ubuza ukuthi ubani ngempela okudingeka ukuthintana naye mayelana nokushicilelwa kokuhumusha.
Ezimweni eziningi uzodinga ukunikeza ulwazi olulandelayo:
- isihloko sencwadi;
- idatha yombhali;
- ulimi loqobo nolimi okuqondiswe kulo;
- ulwazi mayelana nokushicilelwe koqobo, ukuba khona kwemiklomelo nemiklomelo (uma ikhona);
- ulwazi mayelana namalungelo okuhumusha (kusizinda somphakathi noma imvume yokuhumusha isitholiwe).
Udinga futhi ukuchaza kafushane lokho okufunayo. Thanda, humusha incwadi futhi uyishicilele. Uma usuvele unolwazi oluyimpumelelo lokuhumusha, lokhu nakho kufanele ukusho - kuzokwandisa amathuba akho okuphendula kahle.
Uma uvumelene nomlobi womsebenzi ukuthi uzophinde usebenze njenge-ejenti, kufanele ubonise lokhu ngokwehlukana, ngoba kulokhu indlu yokushicilela izodinga ukusayina iphakheji eyengeziwe yamadokhumenti nawe.
Mayelana nezinkokhelo zokuhumusha, kunezinketho ezimbalwa:
- Ngokuvamile, umhumushi uthola inkokhelo enqunywe kusengaphambili futhi adlulisele amalungelo okusebenzisa ukuhumusha kumshicileli. Empeleni, umshicileli uthenga ukuhumusha. Akunakwenzeka ukunquma impumelelo yomsebenzi kusenesikhathi, ngakho-ke ubukhulu bemali buzoncika ekudumeni okulindelekile kwencwadi kanye nekhono lakho lokuxoxisana.
- Izinga lezinsizakalo ze-ejenti ngokuvamile liyi-10% yenzuzo. Ngakho-ke, uma ufuna ukwenza kumlobi njenge-ejenti emakethe yaseRussia, izinga lakho lokukhokha lizoxhomeka ekujikelezeni nasekuzuzeni inzuzo yonke.
- Ungakwazi futhi ukuthatha izici zezimali zokushicilela incwadi ngokwakho. Kulesi simo, inzuzo izoba yi-25% yemali engenayo (ngokwesilinganiso, i-50% iya emaketangeni okuthengisa, i-10% kumbhali kanye ne-15% endlini yokushicilela).
Uma ufuna ukutshala imali ekushicilelweni, sicela uqaphele ukuthi inani elincane lokusatshalaliswa elizokuvumela ukuthi ubuyisele izindleko okungenani amakhophi angu-3000. Futhi-ke - lapho ukusakazwa okukhulu nokuthengiswa, kuyanda imali engenayo.
Lapho usebenza nendlu yokushicilela, kukhona nezingozi - ngeshwa, azinakugwenywa.
Ngezinye izikhathi kwenzeka ukuthi indlu yokushicilela ikwazi ukuthakazelisa umsebenzi, kodwa bese ikhetha omunye umhumushi. Okuwukuphela kwendlela yokugwema lokhu ukuhumusha isahluko sokuqala sencwadi ngendlela engcono kakhulu.
Kuyenzeka futhi ukuthi inkampani yokushicilela ingene esivumelwaneni esiqondile nombhali noma i-ejenti yakhe yemibhalo, ikweqe wena njengomxhumanisi. Lesi isibonelo sokungathembeki, kodwa nalokhu kuyenzeka.
Ukuhumusha hhayi ngenjongo yenzuzo yemali
Uma ufuna ukuhumusha umsebenzi hhayi ngenjongo yemali, kodwa ngenxa yothando lobuciko, imvume yomnikazi we-copyright kuphela yokuhumusha eyanele (nakuba kwezinye izimo kungenzeka ngisho nangaphandle kwayo).
Emthethweni waseYurophu naseMelika kunomqondo "wokusetshenziswa okufanele". Isibonelo, ukuhunyushwa kwezihloko nezincwadi ngezinjongo zokufundisa, okungabandakanyi ukwenza inzuzo. Kodwa azikho izinkambiso ezifanayo emthethweni waseRussia, ngakho-ke kuphephe kakhudlwana ukuthola imvume yokuhumusha.
Namuhla kunenombolo eyanele yezitolo zezincwadi eziku-inthanethi lapho ungathumela khona ukuhunyushwa kwezincwadi zakwamanye amazwe, okuhlanganisa mahhala. Yiqiniso, okuhlangenwe nakho kubonisa ukuthi ngale ndlela kungenzeka ukushicilela izincwadi kuphela esezivele zisesidlangalaleni - ababhali abathathi ngomusa kakhulu ithuba lokushicilela izinguqulo zezincwadi zabo mahhala.
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