I-inthanethi igcwele ama-athikili ngesihloko sokuthuthela e-USA, kodwa iningi lazo libhala kabusha amakhasi kuwebhusayithi ye-American Migration Service, ezinikele ekubhaleni zonke izindlela zokuza ezweni. Kukhona ezimbalwa zalezi zindlela, kodwa kuyiqiniso futhi ukuthi eziningi zazo azifinyeleleki kubantu abavamile nabasunguli bamaphrojekthi we-IT.
Uma ungenawo amakhulu ezinkulungwane zamaRandi ongawatshala ekuthuthukisweni kwebhizinisi e-US ukuze uthole i-visa, futhi ubude bokuhlala ku-visa yabavakashi bufushane kakhulu kuwe, funda isibuyekezo sanamuhla.
1. I-visa ye-H-1B
I-H1-B iyi-visa yomsebenzi evumela ochwepheshe bakwamanye amazwe ukuthi beze e-United States. Ngokweqile, hhayi i-Google noma i-Facebook kuphela, kodwa futhi nesiqalo esijwayelekile singayihlelela isisebenzi sabo ngisho nomsunguli.
Kunezici ezimbalwa zokufaka isicelo se-visa yomsunguli wokuqalisa. Okokuqala, kuyadingeka ukufakazela ubuhlobo bomsebenzi nomqashi, okungukuthi, empeleni, inkampani kufanele ibe nethuba lokuxosha isisebenzi, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi wayisungula.
Kuvela ukuthi umsunguli akufanele abe nengxenye yokulawula enkampanini - akufanele idlule i-50%. Kufanele kube, isibonelo, ibhodi labaqondisi elinelungelo lethiyori lokuhlola ukusebenza komsebenzi futhi linqume ngokuxoshwa kwakhe.
Ezinye izinombolo
Kukhona ama-quota ama-visa e-H1B - ngokwesibonelo, isabelo sonyaka wezimali ka-2019 sasiyizinkulungwane ezingama-65, naphezu kokuthi izinkulungwane eziyi-2018 zafaka isicelo se-visa enjalo ngo-199. Lawa ma-visa anikezwa ngelotho. Amanye ama-visa ayizinkulungwane ezingama-20 anikezwa labo chwepheshe abathole imfundo yabo e-United States (I-Master's Exemption Cap).
Ama-Life hacks
Kukhona ukugebenga kwempilo okuncane okunconywayo ngezikhathi ezithile ezingxoxweni ezimayelana ne-visa ye-H1-B. Amanyuvesi nawo angaqasha abasebenzi kule visa, futhi kubo, njengezinye izinhlangano ezingenzi nzuzo, awekho ama-quotas (H1-B Cap Exempt). Ngaphansi kwalolu hlelo, inyuvesi iqasha usomabhizinisi, onikeza izinkulumo kubafundi, abambe iqhaza kumasemina, futhi ngokungakahleleki aqhubeke nokusebenza ekuthuthukiseni iphrojekthi.
Lapha umsebenzi onjalo womsunguli kuphrojekthi ngenkathi esebenza eNyuvesi yaseMassachusetts. Ngaphambi kokuthi uzame ukulandela le ndlela, kufanele uthintane nommeli mayelana nokuba semthethweni komsebenzi onjalo.
2. I-Visa yabantu abanamakhono O-1
I-visa ye-O-1 yenzelwe abantu abanamakhono abavela emikhakheni ehlukahlukene abadinga ukuza e-United States ukuzoqedela amaphrojekthi omsebenzi. Abamele ibhizinisi banikezwa i-visa ye-O-1A, kuyilapho i-visa ye-O-1B subtype ihloselwe abaculi.
Endabeni yabasunguli bokuqalisa, inqubo yokufaka isicelo iyafana nalokho esikuchaze nge-visa ye-H1-B. Okusho ukuthi, udinga ukudala ibhizinisi elisemthethweni e-United States - ngokuvamile i-C-Corp. Isabelo somsunguli enkampanini akufanele futhi kube yisona esilawulayo, futhi inkampani kufanele ibe nethuba lokuhlukana nalesi sisebenzi.
Ngokufanayo, kuyadingeka ukulungisa isicelo se-visa, esiqukethe ubufakazi besimo "esingavamile" somsebenzi lowo ohlela ukuqasha. Kunezinqubo ezimbalwa okufanele zihlangatshezwe ukuze uthole i-visa ye-O-1:
- imiklomelo yobungcweti nemiklomelo;
- ubulungu ezinhlanganweni zobungcweti ezamukela ochwepheshe abangavamile (hhayi wonke umuntu ongakhokha imali yobulungu);
- ukunqoba emiqhudelwaneni yobungcweti;
- ukubamba iqhaza njengelungu lejaji emiqhudelwaneni yobungcweti (igunya elicacile lokuhlola umsebenzi wabanye ochwepheshe);
- okukhulunywa ngakho kwabezindaba (izincazelo zamaphrojekthi, izingxoxo) kanye nokushicilelwe kwakho kumajenali akhethekile noma esayensi;
- ukubamba isikhundla esibalulekile enkampanini enkulu;
- noma yibuphi ubufakazi obengeziwe nabo bayamukelwa.
Ukuze uthole i-visa, kufanele uqinisekise ukuthi uyayithobela okungenani imibandela embalwa ohlwini.
Ezinye izinombolo
Angikwazanga ukuthola idatha yakamuva mayelana nokugunyazwa nokunqatshelwa kwama-visa e-O-1. Nokho, kukhona ulwazi ku-inthanethi lonyaka wezimali ka-2010. Ngaleso sikhathi, i-US Migration Service yathola izicelo ezingu-10,394 1 ze-visa ye-O-8,589, ezingu-1,805 XNUMX zazo zagunyazwa, ezingu-XNUMX XNUMX zenqatshwa.
Zinjani izinto namuhla
Abukho ubufakazi bokuthi isibalo sezicelo ze-visa ye-O-1 senyuke kakhulu noma sehle kakhulu. Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi isilinganiso sokugunyazwa nokwenqatshwa okushicilelwe yi-USCIS asinakubhekwa njengokugcina.
Ukuthola i-visa ye-O-1 kuyisinyathelo esinezinyathelo ezimbili. Okokuqala, isicelo sakho sivunyiwe yisevisi yokuthuthela kwelinye izwe, bese kufanele uye ehhovisi lenxusa lase-US ngaphandle kwaleli zwe futhi uthole i-visa ngokwayo. Iphuzu elicashile ukuthi isikhulu ku-consulate singanqaba ukukunikeza i-visa, ngisho noma isikhalazo sivunyiwe yisevisi yokufuduka, futhi amacala anjalo ayenzeka ngezikhathi ezithile - ngiyazi okungenani ezimbalwa.
Ngakho-ke, kufanele ulungiselele kahle inhlolokhono ehhovisi lenxusa futhi uphendule yonke imibuzo ngomsebenzi wakho wesikhathi esizayo e-USA ngaphandle kokungabaza.
3. I-L-1 Visa yokudluliselwa kwesisebenzi ehhovisi langaphandle
Le visa ingase ifaneleke osomabhizinisi asebevele banamabhizinisi asebenzayo futhi abhaliswe ngokusemthethweni ngaphandle kwase-United States. Abasunguli abanjalo bangavula igatsha lenkampani yabo eMelika futhi bathuthele bayosebenzela le nkampani.
Kukhona nezikhathi ezicashile lapha. Ikakhulukazi, isevisi yokufuduka izodinga ukuthi uchaze isidingo sokuba khona kwenkampani emakethe yaseMelika kanye nokuba khona kwabasebenzi abangokwenyama abavela phesheya.
Amaqiniso abalulekile kanye nezibalo
Ihhovisi lendawo kufanele livuleke ngaphambi kokufaka isicelo se-visa yakho. Phakathi kwamadokhumenti asekelayo, izikhulu zesevisi yokufuduka zizophinde zibe nentshisekelo ohlelweni lwebhizinisi olunemininingwane, ukuqinisekiswa kokuqashwa kwamahhovisi, njll.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, isisebenzi kufanele ngabe sisebenze ngokusemthethweni ehhovisi langaphandle lenkampani engumzali eza e-United States okungenani unyaka.
Ngu I-USCIS, ngemuva kuka-2000, ngaphezu kwezinkulungwane eziyi-100 zama-visa e-L-1 akhishwa njalo ngonyaka.
isiphetho
Kulesi sihloko, sibhale izinhlobo ezintathu zama-visa ezifaneleke kakhulu abasunguli bokuqalisa abangenazo izinsiza ezibalulekile kodwa abahlose ukuhlala e-United States. Ama-visa abatshalizimali kanye ne-visa yokuhamba yebhizinisi ye-B-1 awangeni kulezi zindlela.
Iseluleko sokugcina esibalulekile: ngaphambi kokuthatha noma yisiphi isinyathelo esihlobene nokuthutha, qoqa ulwazi oluningi ngangokunokwenzeka futhi, ngokufanelekile, thola ummeli wabokufika ngosizo othile omaziyo othuthele eMelika ngendlela oyidingayo.
Ezinye izindatshana zami mayelana nokuqhuba nokuthuthukisa ibhizinisi e-USA:
Source: www.habr.com