Indlela yokuya esibhakabhakeni futhi ube umshayeli wendiza

Sawubona! Namuhla ngizokhuluma ngokuthi ungeza kanjani ezulwini, yini okufanele uyenze kulokhu, ukuthi kubiza malini. Ngizokwabelana ngolwazi lwami lokuqeqeshwa njengomshayeli wendiza ozimele e-UK futhi ngisuse ezinye zezinganekwane ezihambisana nokundiza. Kunombhalo omningi nezithombe ngaphansi kokusikwa 🙂

Indiza yokuqala

Okokuqala, ake sithole ukuthi singaba kanjani ekhanda. Yize ngifunda eLondon, ngiyazama ukundiza kuwo wonke amazwe engiwavakashelayo. Kuwo wonke amazwe, lokhu kwenziwa cishe ngendlela efanayo.

I-San Francisco ukusuka kumamitha angu-3000, ukushona kwelanga

Okokuqala, udinga ukuthola inkundla yezindiza eseduze nathi. ERussia, Ukraine, Belarus naseKazakhstan kunengqondo ukuvula maps.aopa.ru futhi ubheke izinkundla zezindiza lapho. E-Europe/USA, ungavele ungene ku-google airports. Sidinga izinkundla zezindiza ezincane (i-Heathrow ngeke ilingane!) eduze nedolobha ngangokunokwenzeka. Uma ukusesha kungabuyiseli lutho, ungafaka inguqulo yesilingo ye-ForeFlight / Garmin Pilot / SkyDemon futhi ubone izinkundla zezindiza kumephu. Ekugcineni, ungabuza umbono wabashayeli bezindiza abajwayelekile (uma bekhona) noma ubheke izingxoxo zezindiza kuTelegram.

Nalu uhlu lwezinkundla zezindiza ezaziwa kimi kwamanye amadolobha:

• Moscow
  • Aerograd Mozhaisky
  • Inkundla yezindiza iVatulino
• Saint Petersburg
  • Inkundla yezindiza iGostilitsy
• I-Kyiv
  • I-Airfield Chaika
  • Aerodrome Borodyanka
  • Inkundla yezindiza yaseGogolev
• ELondon
  • I-Elstree Airport
  • I-Bigin Hill Airport
  • I-Stapleford Airport
  • Isikhumulo sezindiza saseRochester
• EParis
  • I-Saint-Cyr Aerodrome
• Cannes, Nice
  • Isikhumulo sezindiza saseCannes Mandelieu
• IRoma
  • I-Rome Urbe Airport
• ENew York
  • I-Republic Airport
• San Francisco, Oakland, Valley
  • I-Hayward Executive Airport

Ngemva kokuthola inkundla yezindiza, sidinga ukucinga iwebhusayithi yayo ukuze sithole ulwazi mayelana nezikole zendiza. Empeleni, ungakwazi ngokushesha uqale googling esikoleni indiza. Uma ungasitholanga isikole sezindiza, bheka ezinye "izindiza ezindizeni eSt. Petersburg". Umsebenzi wethu manje wukuthola umuntu okulungele ukusikhombisa umhlaba wezokundiza.

Manje sekusele kuphela ukuthintana nalo esimtholile. Siyabiza, sicela ithuba lokugibela indiza enqoleni (ngesiNgisi lokhu Isivivinyo noma indiza yesipho), sibhukha usuku olulungele thina futhi yilokho. Akukho okunye okudingeka kwenziwe.

Ususele ucingo olulodwa kuphela endizeni yangempela endizeni yangempela. Ngokuphambene nezinganekwane ezithandwayo kanye nezinkolelo-ze, awudingi ukuphasa i-VLEK (ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha endizeni) noma uphumelele izivivinyo zethiyori zalokhu. Isebenza noma ungumvakashi nje. Ngisho noma ungazi ukuthi ungayishayela kanjani indiza nhlobo.

Ubumnandi obunjalo buzobiza cishe ama- $ 220 ngehora. Lesi sibalo sihlanganisa: izindleko zikaphethiloli, imali yokunakekela indiza ngesikhathi esimisiwe, iholo lomfundisi wakho, kanye nemali yokusuka nokuhlalisa esikhumulweni sezindiza. Izindleko zingahluka kancane kuye ngezwe (eNgilandi kubiza kancane, eRussia ishibhile kancane). Yebo, lokhu akuyona intokozo eshibhile, kepha ngasikhathi sinye ayibizi ngokwe-cosmically. Akudingekile ukuba ube usozigidi ukuze uqashe indiza yangasese. Futhi ngokuvamile uvunyelwe ukuthatha abagibeli nawe, futhi bangabelana nawe ngezindleko zendiza.

Ngigcizelela ngokwehlukana: kulula kakhulu ukuya ezulwini, kuthatha ucingo olulodwa kuphela kuwe. Futhi kuyafaneleka. Awekho amagama, izithombe noma amavidiyo azodlulisela imizwa evulekayo phakathi nendiza. Umuntu nomuntu unokwakhe. Lona umuzwa wenkululeko, ugqozi kanye nama-horizons amasha. Ukubamba impilo yakho ezandleni zakho kuyethusa kancane ekuqaleni, ngisho nomfundisi oseduze. Nokho, ngemva kwendiza yokuqala kufika ukuqaphela ukuthi kusafanele uzame ukuqala ukuthatha izingozi. Ukundiza akunzima njengokushayela imoto, kudinga ulwazi oluningi ukuze undize ngokuphepha. Umqeqeshi uphethe ezokuphepha.

Zilungiselele ukungavunyelwa ukuthi uhambe futhi uhlale endizeni yakho yokuqala. Ngokuvamile, izinkundla zezindiza zezindiza ezizimele azinkulu kakhulu futhi zinezici eziningi zasendaweni (izihlahla ezisekupheleni komugqa, umugqa omfushane, umugqa ongagandayiwe, umugqa "we-humped"). Okuhlukile kwalabo abathanda ukundiza ku-simulator nabashayeli bezindiza cishe akukaze kwenziwe. Kodwa-ke, inani lolwazi olusha lizodlula onqenqemeni, ngakho-ke ngeke ube nesithukuthezi 🙂

Amanzi anelukuluku eduze neRoma

Amalayisense okushayela

Kulungile, ake sithi unendiza futhi manje ufuna ukuba nelayisensi yakho. Ingabe kunzima ukuhlola lokhu? Impendulo incike ekutheni ufuna uhlobo olunjani lwelayisensi. Kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko zamalayisensi.

I-PPL (Ilayisense yokushayela yangasese, ilayisense yokushayela yangasese)

Izici:

• Izindiza ezingezona ezohwebo ezindizeni. Ngamanye amazwi, awunalo ilungelo lokuthola imali ngayo.
• Nokho, kwamanye amazwe ungakwazi ukwabelana ngezindleko zikaphethiloli nabagibeli (yebo, ungakwazi ukugibela abagibeli)
• Ungakwazi ukundiza ngohlu olukhulu lwezindiza, kusukela ku-piston kuya kwamanye amajethi.
• Awukwazi ukundiza endizeni egunyazwe ngaphansi kwelayisensi yezohwebo (isibonelo, i-Boeing noma i-Airbus)
• Ungaqasha izindiza eqoqweni lamakilabhu endizayo, noma ungazithengela ezakho (futhi ishibhe kakhulu kunalokho ucabanga)
• Ilayisensi isemthethweni emhlabeni wonke, okuwukuphela kwemikhawulo ukuthi ungandiza kuphela izindiza ezibhaliswe ezweni elikhiphe ilayisense yakho (eMelika ungandiza ngelayisense yaseRussia endizeni yaseRussia)
• Ungeza eRussia ngelayisensi yangaphandle futhi uthole ilayisense yaseRussia ngokuqeqeshwa okuncane noma ongekho (ngaleyo ndlela uvula zonke izindiza zaseRussia). Le nqubo ibizwa ngokuthi ukuqinisekiswa.
• Ingakwazi ukweqa imingcele yamazwe ngamazwe

izidingo:

• Isitifiketi sezokwelapha sokufaneleka emoyeni. Izidingo ezithembekile ngokwanele, kufaka phakathi umbono
• Isifundo sethiyori esiqediwe, esilula kakhulu. Imininingwane eyengeziwe ngezansi
• Ukuba khona kwenani elincane lesikhathi sokundiza (amahora angama-42 eRussia / 45 eYurophu / 40 emazweni)
• Uphumelele ukuhlolwa kokuzijwayeza

Isikhungo saseLakhta, eSt

Amalayisense okuhweba afihliwe ngaphansi kwe-spoiler

I-CPL (Ilayisensi Yomshayeli Wezentengiselwano, Ilayisense Yokushayela Kwezentengiso)

Izici:

• Konke okufanayo nange-PPL
• Sebenza ezindizeni zezindiza noma ezindizeni zebhizinisi
• Izindiza ezilayini zabagibeli

izidingo:

• Ukutholakala kwe-PPL
• Cishe amahora endiza angu-200 PPL
• Ukuhlolwa okuqinile kwezokwelashwa
• Izivivinyo eziqinile

I-ATPL (Ilayisensi Yomshayeli Wezindiza Zezindiza)

Izici:

• Konke kuyafana naku-CPL
• Ikhono lokusebenza njengomphathi wezindiza ezindizeni zezindiza

izidingo:

• Ukutholakala kwe-CPL
• Cishe amahora endiza angu-1500 CPL
• Ngokuvamile kuqokwa inkampani yezindiza kule layisense

Njengoba ubona, ileveli yelayisensi ngayinye elandelayo idinga eyedlule. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ngokuthola ilayisense yokushayela yangasese, uzozivulela ithuba lokuthola ilayisense yezohwebo, futhi esikhathini esizayo esingaba khona - ukuya emsebenzini endizeni (ayisebenzi eRussia, basafuna idiploma yasekolishi).

Ngaphezu kwamalayisensi, kufanelekile ukusho lokho okubizwa izilinganiso, ukuvula izici ezengeziwe zohlobo ngalunye lwelayisensi:

• Isilinganiso sasebusuku - izindiza ebusuku
• Isilinganiso sensimbi — izindiza ezimweni ezisetshenziswayo (isibonelo, inkungu). Iphinde inikeze amandla okundiza phezu kwemigudu yomoya
• Isilinganiso sezinjini eziningi - ukundiza endizeni enezinjini ezimbili noma ngaphezulu
• Uhlobo Lwezilinganiso - izindiza ngemodeli ethile yendiza. Ngokuvamile lezi izindiza eziyinkimbinkimbi, njenge-Airbus noma i-Boeing.
• Futhi iqembu labanye, ngokusho kokunambitha kwakho kanye nomcabango wakho

Lapha nangezansi sizocubungula izici zokufunda ku-PPL - uma engekho umbhali wakho konke okunye 🙂

Ukufika eLondon

Ngaphambi kokuqeqeshwa

Kunezinhlangano eziningi phesheya ezilinganisa amalayisense, kodwa ezimbili ziyagqama kuze kube manje:

• FAA (Federal Aviation Administration) - amalayisense ase-US
• I-EASA (I-European Union Aviation Safety Agency) - amalayisense e-Europe yonke (okungukuthi, ungandizisa indiza yaseFrance ngelayisense yokushayela yase-Italy)

Ukuthola ilayisensi ye-FAA, bavame ukundizela eFlorida. Kunezimo zezulu ezinhle kanye nokukhethwa okukhulu kwezikole, kodwa amanani awabizi kakhulu. Kungenjalo, ungafunda enkabeni ye-States (isibonelo, eTexas), lapho amanani azokwehla kancane.

I-EASA yamukelwa eSpain, eCzech Republic noma emazweni aseBaltic. Banokulinganisela okuhle phakathi kwesimo sezulu kanye nezindleko zokuqeqesha. Ngemva kokuqeda ukuqeqeshwa, amalayisensi womabili angaqinisekiswa kalula eRussia.

Vele, akekho okuvimbayo ukuthi ufunde ukundiza eRussia. Nokho, kuyaphawuleka ukuthi eRussia kwakukhona izimo lapho izikole indiza ivaliwe, futhi amalayisense abathweswe iziqu zabo ahoxiswa. Isikole sendiza esikhethwe kahle sikuvikela ngezindlela eziningi ezimweni ezinjalo, kodwa akekho ongakunikeza iziqinisekiso.

Ezikoleni ezinhle, kubhekwe kakhulu ukuphepha kwendiza, i-psychology kanye nokuthuthukiswa komlingiswa oyalayo ofanele. Uzofundiswa ngokucophelela izinhlu zokuhlola, uhlaziye isimo sezulu ngokucophelela, ugweme noma yiziphi izingozi kuzo zonke izimo futhi wenze izinqumo ezifanele. Izibalo zezingozi zibonisa ukuthi iyasebenza ngempela.

Naka futhi ifomethi yokuqeqeshwa. Ezinye izikole zendiza zinikeza ukukhokha wonke amahora adingekayo endiza ngesikhathi esisodwa, ezinye zinikeza ukuthenga amaphakheji ahlukaniswe amahora angu-10, ezinye zivele zinikeze ukukhokha ngokwehlukana ngehora ngalinye lendiza. Khetha ifomethi yokufunda evumelana nawe. Uma, ngokwesibonelo, uhlala eduze, ifomethi elula kakhulu kungaba inkokhelo yehora. Khumbula ukuthi asikho isidingo sokuqeda ukuqeqeshwa kungakapheli isikhathi esibekiwe - ungandiza okungenani ihora ngenyanga uze ufinyelele inani elidingekayo lamahora.

Ithiyori kwesinye isikhathi ifundiswa khona lapho, kwesinye isikhathi inikezwa njengesifundo setoho esivela ezincwadini. E-States, amavidiyo okufundisa angase anikezwe.

Bhekisisa kahle isimo sendiza, qaphela ukuthi umfundisi “ukuqeqesha” kahle kangakanani ezinqubweni phakathi nesifundo sokulinga. Umfundisi onekhono kufanele akufundise ukufunda izinhlu zokuhlola ngokucophelela futhi angakuceli ukuba weqe, ikakhulukazi uma kunesikhathi esanele.

Ekugcineni, kunengqondo ukudlula isheke lezokwelapha ngaphambi kokuqala ukuqeqeshwa. Isitifiketi saseYurophu sinikezwa ngokwethembeka okukhulu, cishe akukho lutho oludingekayo kuwe. I-VLEK yaseRussia, wonke umuntu athanda ukuyesabisa kakhulu, ibuye ibe lula kakhulu kubashayeli bezindiza abazimele. Kodwa-ke, kunengozi yokungadluli, futhi kungcono ukuthola ngalokhu ngaphambi kokuthi uqale ukusebenzisa imali ekuqeqesheni. E-Russia, lokhu ngokuvamile kuyisidingo esingokomthetho.

Manhattan, New York

Umbono

Kusukela lapha kuqhubeke, ngizokhuluma ngqo ngokufundela ilayisensi ye-EASA. Kwamanye amazwe, imininingwane izohluka.

Ithiyori ayesabi njengoba ipendiwe. Uzodinga ukufunda izincwadi ezimbalwa futhi ulungiselele izivivinyo zethiyori eziyi-9.

• Umthetho Womoya - umthetho womoya. Funda mayelana nezinhlobo ze-airspace, imithetho yendiza, ukweqa imingcele, izimfuneko zezindiza nabashayeli bezindiza.
• Izinqubo Zokusebenza - bazokutshela ngezinqubo ezithile, njengokucisha umlilo lapho undiza, ukuhlala emigwaqweni yezindiza emanzi, ukusebenza nge-wind shear kanye nokuvuka kwesiphithiphithi kwezinye izindiza.
• Ukusebenza Kwabantu Nemikhawulo. Imibono yokubona, yokuzwa kanye nendawo, umphumela wokulala ezindizeni, i-psychology yezindiza, ukwenza izinqumo, usizo lokuqala.
• Navigation — ukuhamba esibhakabhakeni. Ukubalwa kokuzulazula, ukubalwa kwemali komoya, ukubonwa okulungile kwezimpawu zendawo, ukulungiswa kwamaphutha ekuzulazuleni, ukubala kukaphethiloli, izisekelo zokuzulazula komsakazo.
• Ukuxhumana. Ukuxhumana nama-dispatchers, izinqubo zendiza ezindaweni zomoya zamakilasi ahlukene, izimpawu zokuphuthuma nokucindezeleka, izindawo zomoya eziwela kanye nezindawo ezihloselwe impi.
• Imeteorology. Akheka kanjani amafu nomoya, amafu angakwazi ukugelezela kuwo, yiziphi izingozi ezilindele emingceleni yesimo sezulu, ifundwa kanjani imibiko yesimo sezulu sezindiza (METAR kanye ne-TAF).
• Izimiso Zokundiza. Ivelaphi i-lift, ukuthi i-keel nesinzinzisi kusebenza kanjani, ukuthi indiza ilawulwa kanjani ngezimbazo ezintathu, kungani i-stall kwenzeka.
• Ulwazi Olujwayelekile Lwezindiza. Indlela indiza ngokwayo ehlelwe ngayo, izinhlelo zayo, indlela injini nazo zonke izinsimbi ezisebenza ngayo.
• Ukusebenza kwendiza nokuhlela. Ukubalwa kokulinganisa kwendiza, ukulayishwa kwayo, okudingekayo ekuhambeni kobude

Yebo, uhlu lubukeka luhlaba umxhwele, kodwa imibuzo ekuhlolweni ilula kakhulu. Abanye abantu babamba ngekhanda izimpendulo. Kodwa-ke, ngeke ngikweluleke ukwenza kanjalo - ngayinye yalezi zinto iyadingeka futhi ingasindisa impilo yakho.

Izindiza eziya esifundeni saseMoscow, eduze neVatulino

Hlanganisa

Ukuzilolonga kuvame ukuqala ngokuhambisana nethiyori, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngaphambili.
Uzoqala ngezinto eziyisisekelo - umthelela wezindawo zokulawula kanye nokugxilwa kwenjini ekuziphatheni kwendiza. Uyobe usufundiswa indlela yokuqondisa phansi futhi ugcine izinga nokundiza okuqondile emoyeni. Ngemuva kwalokho, kuzodingeka wazi kahle amasu alungile okukhuphuka nokwehla. Esifundweni esilandelayo, uzoboniswa ukuthi ushintsha kanjani ngendlela efanele, okuhlanganisa ukugibela noma ukwehla.

Khona-ke ukweqisa kancane kuzoqala. Uzoqala ukundiza kancane, kukhale i-alamu yesitolo, bese kuba nesitolo ngokwaso futhi, ngokunokwenzeka, u-spin (yebo, cishe zonke izindiza zokuqeqesha zingenza lokhu). Lapha ungakwazi futhi ukufundiswa indlela yokwenza ama-high-bank turns futhi ukhiphe indiza ngaphandle kwe-spiral - enye into ecashile kakhulu. Njengoba uqonda, lokhu kuyadingeka ukuthuthukisa ikhono lokugwema izimo ezinjalo, futhi ezimweni zezimo ngokwazo, ukuphuma kuzo ngokuphepha.

Khona-ke, ekugcineni, lokho okubizwa ngokuthi ama-conveyors enkundleni yezindiza kuzoqala. Uzondiza ngephethini elingunxande uzungeze inkundla yezindiza, ufunde ukusuka futhi, yebo, uhlale endleleni. Ngemuva kokuthi ufunde ukuthi ungamisa kanjani indiza ngokuzethemba, kufaka phakathi i-crosswind, ngaphandle kwenjini nama-flaps, uzothenjwa ngengcwele yezingcwele zanoma iyiphi i-cadet - indiza yokuqala yodwa. Kuyothusa noma uzizwa njengenyoni emoyeni.

Kusukela manje kuqhubeke, uzonikezwa amanye amathuba okundiza wedwa. Izulu alikuthetheleli amaphutha angalungisiwe, futhi kuyofanele ukubone lokhu uwedwa, ngaphandle komfundisi okuqondisayo. Uzofunda ikhono elibaluleke kakhulu lomkhuzi - ikhono lokuthatha izinqumo. Yiqiniso, ngesikhathi esifanayo, bazokulandela ngokucophelela kusukela phansi (futhi lapho bazosiza nakanjani).

Bese kuzoqala izindiza emzileni. Uzoqala ukundizela kwezinye izinkundla zezindiza, uphume ezimeni lapho ulahlekile, uhlele izinguquko zemizila emoyeni, uzame ukuvimba ama-radial avela kumabhakhoni omsakazo. Kufanele undize uye endaweni ethile bese ubuyela emuva, bese undizela kwenye inkundla yezindiza futhi ekugcineni, ngokunokwenzeka undize uye esikhumulweni sezindiza esikhulu esilawulwa ngamazwe ngamazwe. Futhi konke lokhu ekuqaleni nomfundisi, bese uwedwa.

Khona-ke uzoqala ukulungiselela ukuhlolwa. Okokuqala, kuzodingeka wenze indiza enkulu futhi enzima emzileni, enezitobhi eziningana ezikhumulweni zezindiza. Ngoyedwa. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi yi-cross country yedwa. Ngemuva kwalokho uzophinda ezinye izivivinyo kusukela ekuqaleni ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi ungaphumelela ukuhlolwa.

Awu, ukuhlolwa ngokwako. Iqukethe izigaba eziningana, kuthatha amahora ambalwa. Umsebenzi wakhe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi awukwazi ukundiza kahle, kodwa ngokuphepha.

E-Europe, usazodinga ukuphumelela ukuhlolwa kokuxhumana komsakazo kanye nokuhlolwa okuhlukile kokwazi isiNgisi. Lokhu kokugcina ngeke kube yinkinga enkulu ngemuva kokufunda izincwadi nokuzijwayeza ukuxhumana nomsakazo ozokufunda kundiza 🙂

Izindiza zokushona kwelanga ziyamangalisa, kodwa awukwazi ukwenza ngaphandle kwezibuko zelanga

Ukuphefumulelwa

Indiza akuzona nje izindiza. Leli yithuba lokubona okuningi kunalokho esikutholayo. Leli yithuba lokufunda ukuba nomthwalo wemfanelo, ukubhekana namaphutha ngendlela efanele, ukulalela abanye abantu nokubakhuthaza. Leli yithuba lokufunda izinqumo ezifanele, ukuphathwa kwethimba okufanele, ukuhlolwa okufanele kwezinsiza zomuntu siqu, ukulawulwa kobungozi kanye nokuhlola ukuphepha. Leli yithuba lokuba noma yikuphi futhi sibone amadolobha esiwajwayele ezinhlangothini ezihluke ngokuphelele.

Leli yithuba lokujwayelana nemiphakathi enelukuluku kakhulu, lapho cishe njalo abafana bezama ukusizana. Ithuba lokuhlangana nabantu abaningi abathakazelayo nokwenza abangane abasha cishe kuwo wonke amagumbi omhlaba.

Ngiyaphinda futhi ukuthi akukho nowodwa umbhalo, ividiyo noma isithombe esizodlulisa imizwa ngisho nangomzuzu wokundiza. Udinga ukuza futhi uzame yonke into ngokwakho. Futhi akunzima kangako. Woza esibhakabhakeni, uzame ngokwakho kuso! Nakhu okunye okukukhuthazayo:

• Yami isiteshi kuTelegram, lapho ngihlala ngikhuluma khona ngezindiza zami
• izindaba zasezulwini Denis Okan
• Isiteshi Amanothi Omshayeli ku-YouTube
• Isiteshi kudri.fm ku-YouTube
• Isiteshi umshayeli ongumeluleki ku-YouTube (ngesiNgisi)

Ngithatha leli thuba, ngifuna ukudlulisa ukubonga kwami ​​okujulile kubo bonke labo bantu ababukeze lesi sihloko ngaphambi kokushicilelwa.

Ziyeza kuwe lapho usuka, futhi mhlawumbe nokuzwana kumafrikhwensi!

Source: www.habr.com