Kokuthunyelwe kwangaphambilini sikhulume ngezinhlelo ezilula zokubhekwa kwevidiyo ebhizinisini, kodwa manje sizokhuluma ngamaphrojekthi lapho inani lamakhamera lisezinkulungwaneni.
Ngokuvamile umehluko phakathi kwezinhlelo zokugada amavidiyo abiza kakhulu kanye nezixazululo amabhizinisi amancane naphakathi nendawo angakwazi ukuzisebenzisa kakade yisilinganiso nesabelomali. Uma kungekho mikhawulo ezindlekweni zephrojekthi, ungakha ikusasa endaweni ethile njengamanje.
Izinqumo ku-EU
I-Galeria Katowicka yezitolo yavulwa ngo-2013 maphakathi nedolobha lasePoland iKatowice. Endaweni engu-52 250 m² kunezitolo ezingaphezu kuka-1,2 namahhovisi ezinkampani ezivela emkhakheni wezinsizakalo, i-cinema yesimanje kanye nendawo yokupaka engaphansi kwezimoto eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-XNUMX. Kukhona nesiteshi sesitimela e-TC.
Uma kucatshangelwa indawo enkulu, inkampani yokuphatha i-Neinver yabekela osonkontileka umsebenzi onzima: ukwakha uhlelo lokubhekwa kwevidiyo oluzohlanganisa ngokuphelele insimu (ngaphandle kwamabala angaboni, ukuvimbela izenzo ezihlukahlukene ezingekho emthethweni, ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwezivakashi kanye nokuphepha kwe- impahla yezinkampani ezihwebayo kanye nezivakashi), gcina idatha mayelana nezivakashi futhi uzibale ukuze ukhiqize idatha ngayinye ngenani labavakashi esitolo ngasinye. Kulokhu, ubunzima bephrojekthi bungaphindaphindwa ngokuphepha ngama-250 - ngenani lamaphuzu okubuka. Eqinisweni, lawa amaphrojekthi angaphansi angama-250 ahlukene. Ngokuhlangenwe nakho kwethu, ukubeka ngisho nekhawunta eyodwa yabantu kungaba umsebenzi onzima lapho ufaka amathuluzi ngaphandle kokubandakanyeka kochwepheshe.
Ukuze sisebenzise iphrojekthi, sikhethe amakhamera we-IP anezibalo zevidiyo ezihlanganisiwe. Esinye sezici eziyinhloko zamakhamera yikhono lokurekhoda ulwazi ngisho noma uxhumano phakathi kwekhamera neseva luphazamisekile.
Njengoba isikhungo sokuthenga sinenani elikhulu lezindawo zokungena nokuphuma, kanye nezitezi eziningi zokuthengisa nezindawo zamahhovisi, kwakudingeka kufakwe amakhamera amaningana ekamelweni ngalinye.
Ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi ephezulu kanye nesivinini sokudlulisa isignali, sikhethe inketho yenethiwekhi ehlanganisiwe sisebenzisa intambo ye-fiber optic kanye nokubhangqa okusontekile okungokwesiko. Phakathi nomsebenzi wokufaka, kwafakwa izintambo ezingamakhilomitha angu-30 kuso sonke isakhiwo.
Lapho befaka uhlelo, abaklami bahlangabezane nobunzima obudinga ukuthi basebenzise izindlela ezingajwayelekile. Njengoba umnyango omkhulu we-Galeria Katowicka umise okwesemicircle ebanzi, onjiniyela kwadingeka bafake amakhamera ayishumi ngesikhathi esisodwa ukuze abale kahle izivakashi ezingenayo. Umsebenzi wabo nevidiyo engenayo bekufanele kuhambisane ukuze kugwenywe ukubalwa okuphindaphindiwe kwesivakashi esisodwa.
Umsebenzi wokuhlanganisa uhlelo lokubala nohlelo lokuqapha izindawo zokupaka nawo uphenduke waba nzima kakhulu: bekudingeka ukuthi kuhlanganiswe imininingwane evela kuzo zombili izinhlelo ibe umbiko ofanayo ngaphandle kwezimpinda nangefomethi eyodwa.
Ukuze uqaphe futhi uhlole ukusebenza, uhlelo lwevidiyo lunamathuluzi akhelwe ngaphakathi okuzihlola kanye namathuluzi okuhlola, ongathola ngawo idatha mayelana nezivakashi ngokunemba okukhulu futhi uqinisekise ukulungiswa okusheshayo kwemishini.
Uhlelo lwenxanxathela yezitolo i-Galeria Katowicka seluphenduke inkimbinkimbi enkulu kakhulu yabantu abazenzakalayo ababalwa eYurophu.
Uhlelo oludala kakhulu lweCCTV eLondon
Ngesikhathi se-Operation Vedana (okuthiwa uphenyo ngecala le-Skripal), izikhulu zaseScotland Yard zafunda, ngokusho kwedatha esemthethweni, amahora ayizinkulungwane ezingu-11 wezinto ezihlukahlukene zevidiyo. Futhi-ke, kwakudingeka bethule imiphumela yomsebenzi wabo emphakathini. Lesi siqephu sibonisa kahle isilinganiso esingafinyelelwa yisistimu yokuqapha ividiyo ngesabelomali esingenamkhawulo.
Ngaphandle kwehaba, uhlelo lokuphepha lwaseLondon lungabizwa ngokuthi olunye lwezikhulu kakhulu emhlabeni, futhi lobu buholi buyaqondakala. Amakhamera evidiyo okuqala afakwa ngo-1960 eTrafalgar Square ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuhleleka ngesikhathi somhlangano womndeni wasebukhosini baseThailand, njengoba kulindeleke isixuku esikhulu sabantu.
Ukuze siqonde izinga lohlelo lwevidiyo yaseLondon, ake sibheke ezinye izinombolo ezihlaba umxhwele ezinikezwe iBritish Security Industry Authority (BSIA) ngo-2018.
ELondon ngokwayo, kufakwe amadivaysi okulandelela ayizinkulungwane ezingu-642, izinkulungwane ezingu-15 zazo zisendleleni ehamba ngaphansi. Kuvele ukuthi ngokwesilinganiso kunekhamera eyodwa yazo zonke izakhamizi eziyi-14 nezivakashi zedolobha, futhi umuntu ngamunye uwela endaweni yokubuka ilensi yekhamera cishe izikhathi ezingama-300 ngosuku.
Abaqhubi ababili bahlala bekhona ekamelweni lokulawula ukuqapha isimo kwenye yezindawo zaseLondon.
Yonke idatha evela kumakhamera iya endaweni ekhethekile engaphansi komhlaba, indawo engadalulwanga. Le ndawo isetshenziswa yinkampani ezimele ngokubambisana namaphoyisa nomkhandlu wendawo.
Ohlelweni lokubhekwa kwevidiyo yedolobha, kukhona nezinhlelo ezizimele, ezivaliwe ezitholakala, ngokwesibonelo, ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene zokuthenga, amathilomu, izitolo, njll. Sekukonke, kunezinhlelo ezinjalo ezingaba yizigidi ezi-4 e-UK - ngaphezu kwanoma iyiphi enye iNtshonalanga. izwe.
Ngokwezibalo ezisemthethweni, uhulumeni usebenzisa imali elinganiselwa ku-£2,2 billion ekugcineni lolu hlelo. Inxanxathela ithola isinkwa sayo ngokwethembeka—ngosizo lwayo, amaphoyisa akwazile ukuxazulula cishe u-95% wobugebengu edolobheni.
Isistimu yokuqapha ividiyo yaseMoscow
Njengamanje, amakhamera angaba ngu-170 101 afakwe eMoscow, okuyi-20 ayizinkulungwane angena kuwo, ayizinkulungwane ezingu-3,6 ezindaweni zegceke futhi angaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezingu-XNUMX ezindaweni zomphakathi.
Amakhamera asatshalaliswa ngendlela yokunciphisa inani lezindawo ezingaboni lutho. Uma ubheka nxazonke ngokucophelela, uzobona ukuthi kukhona amadivaysi okulawula cishe yonke indawo (imvamisa kakhulu ezingeni elinqunyiwe lophahla lwezindlu). Ngisho nama-intercom emnyango ngamunye wezakhiwo zokuhlala afakwe ikhamera ethwebula ubuso bomuntu ongena.
Wonke amakhamera edolobheni adlulisa izithombe ubusuku nemini ngamashaneli e-fiber optic aye ku-Unified Data Storage and Processing Center (UDSC) - nansi ingqikithi yohlelo lwevidiyo yedolobha, oluhlanganisa amakhulukhulu amaseva akwazi ukuthola ithrafikhi engenayo ngesivinini esikhuphukayo. kuya ku-120 Gbit/sec.
Idatha yevidiyo isakazwa kusetshenziswa iphrothokholi ye-RTSP. Ukugcina ingobo yomlando yamarekhodi, uhlelo lusebenzisa ama-hard drive angaphezu kwezinkulungwane eziyi-11, kanti isamba sokugcina singama-petabytes angama-20.
Isakhiwo se-modular sesofthiwe yesikhungo sivumela ukusetshenziswa okuphumelelayo kwehadiwe nezinsiza zesofthiwe. Uhlelo lulungele imithwalo enzima kakhulu: noma ngabe zonke izakhamizi zedolobha ngasikhathi sinye zifuna ukubuka ukuqoshwa kwevidiyo kuwo wonke amakhamera, ngeke "ziwe".
Ngaphezu komsebenzi wayo oyinhloko - ukuvimbela ubugebengu edolobheni nokusiza ukuxazulula - uhlelo lusetshenziselwa ukuqapha izindawo zegceke.
Ukuqoshwa kwamakhamera afakwe ezindaweni zomphakathi, izindawo zokudayisa, amagceke kanye nokungena ezindlini kugcinwa izinsuku ezinhlanu, futhi kumakhamera atholakala ezikhungweni zemfundo - izinsuku ezingu-30.
Ukusebenza kwamakhamera kuqinisekiswa izinkampani zosonkontileka, futhi okwamanje inani lamakhamera wevidiyo anephutha alidluli ku-0,3%.
I-AI eNew York
Isilinganiso sohlelo lokubhekwa kwevidiyo eNew York, naphezu kwenani lezakhamuzi ze-Big Apple (cishe izigidi ezingu-9), liphansi kakhulu kuneLondon neMoscow - cishe amakhamera ayizinkulungwane ezingu-20 kuphela afakwe edolobheni. Inombolo enkulu yamakhamera atholakala ezindaweni eziminyene - esitimeleni, eziteshini zesitimela, amabhuloho kanye nemigudu.
Eminyakeni embalwa edlule, iMicrosoft yethula uhlelo olusha - Uhlelo Lokuqwashisa Ngesizinda (), okuyinto, ngokusho komthuthukisi, okufanele enze uguquko lwangempela emisebenzini yama-ejensi okuqinisa umthetho kanye ne-intelligence.
Iqiniso liwukuthi, uma kuqhathaniswa nesistimu yokuqapha ividiyo evamile esakaza isithombe salokho okwenzekayo endaweni ethile, i-DAS iyakwazi ukunikeza amaphoyisa inani elikhulu lolwazi olusemthethweni. Isibonelo, uma umenzi wobugebengu ophindelelayo owaziwa ngamaphoyisa evela endaweni elawulwa amaphoyisa, uhlelo luzombona futhi lubonise esikrinini sokuqapha somsebenzisi yonke idatha mayelana nesikhathi sakhe esidlule sobugebengu, ngesisekelo lapho ezonquma ukuthi yiziphi izinyathelo thatha. Uma umsolwa efike ngemoto, uhlelo ngokwalo luzolandelela umzila wakhe bese lazisa amaphoyisa ngalo.
Uhlelo Lokuqwashisa Ngesizinda lungaphinda luzuze amayunithi alwa nobuphekula, ngoba ngosizo lwalo ungakwazi ukulandelela kalula noma yimuphi umuntu osolisayo oshiye iphasela, isikhwama noma ipotimende endaweni yomphakathi. Uhlelo luzokhiqiza ngokuphelele yonke indlela yokuhamba esikrinini sokuqapha esikhungweni sesimo, futhi amaphoyisa ngeke kudingeke achithe isikhathi ekuphenyweni nasekufuneni ofakazi.
Namuhla, i-DAS ihlanganisa amakhamera wevidiyo angaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezi-3, futhi inombolo yawo ikhula njalo. Uhlelo luhlanganisa izinzwa ezihlukahlukene ezisabelayo, isibonelo, emazingeni aqhumayo, izinzwa zemvelo kanye nesistimu yokuqaphela amapuleti emoto. I-Domain Awareness System inokufinyelela cishe kuzo zonke isizindalwazi sedolobha, okukuvumela ukuthi uthole ngokushesha ulwazi mayelana nazo zonke izinto ezibanjwe emkhakheni wokubuka amakhamera.
Uhlelo lukhula njalo futhi lwengeza ukusebenza okusha. IMicrosoft ihlela ukuyikhipha kwamanye amadolobha ase-US.
Uhlelo olukhulu lwesiShayina
E-China, kukhona ngisho “nohlelo lokubhekwa kwevidiyo ye-analogue”: amavolontiya asethathe umhlalaphansi angaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezingama-850, agqoke amavesti abomvu asemthethweni noma agqoke amabhande engalo, aqapha ukuziphatha okusolisayo kwezakhamizi emigwaqweni.
I-China iyikhaya labantu abayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-1,4, kanti abayizigidi ezingu-22 babo bahlala eBeijing. Leli dolobha likleliswe endaweni yesibili ngemva kweLondon ngenani lamakhamera evidiyo afakiwe kumuntu ngamunye. Iziphathimandla zithi idolobha limbozwe ngo-100% ngokubhekwa kwevidiyo. Ngokusho kwedatha engekho emthethweni, inani lamakhamera eBeijing okwamanje lidlula izinkulungwane ze-450, nakuba emuva ku-2015 kwakukhona izinkulungwane ze-46 kuphela.
Ukwanda okuphindwe ka-10 kwenani lamakhamera kuchazwa yiqiniso lokuthi uhlelo lokubhekwa kwevidiyo yedolobha laseBeijing muva nje lube yingxenye yephrojekthi kazwelonke ye-Skynet, eyaqala eminyakeni engu-14 edlule. Ababhali bephrojekthi cishe abazange bakhethe leli gama ngenhlanhla. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ihlobana ngokuphelele negama elingekho emthethweni elaziwayo laseChina - "uMbuso Wasezulwini", noma uTian Xia. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, isifaniso nefilimu ethi "Terminator" izikisela yona, lapho leli kwakuyigama lesistimu ye-intelligence yokwenziwa yesikali seplanethi. Kithina kubonakala sengathi yomibili le miyalezo iyiqiniso, futhi ngokuqhubekayo uzoqonda ukuthi kungani.
Iqiniso liwukuthi uhlelo lokubhekwa kwevidiyo yomhlaba wonke kanye nokuqashelwa kobuso e-China, ngokusho kwezinhlelo zabathuthukisi, kufanele babhale konke okwenziwa yisinye isakhamuzi sezwe. Zonke izenzo zamaShayina zirekhodwa njalo ngamakhamera wevidiyo anobuchwepheshe bokubona ubuso. Ulwazi oluvela kubo luya ku-database ehlukahlukene, lapho manje sekuneshumi nambili.
Umthuthukisi oyinhloko wesistimu yokuqapha ividiyo yi-SenseTime. Isofthiwe ekhethekile eyakhiwe ngesisekelo sokufunda komshini ibona kalula hhayi kuphela umuntu ngamunye kuvidiyo, kodwa futhi ibona ukwakheka namamodeli ezimoto, izinhlobo zezimpahla zokugqoka, ubudala, ubulili nezinye izici ezibalulekile zezinto ezibanjwe ohlakeni.
Umuntu ngamunye ohlakeni uboniswa ngombala wakhe, futhi incazelo yebhulokhi yombala iboniswa eduze kwayo. Ngakho-ke, opharetha ngokushesha uthola ulwazi oluningi mayelana nezinto ezikuhlaka.
I-SenseTime iphinde ihlanganyele ngokugcwele nabakhiqizi be-smartphone. Ngakho-ke, izinhlelo zayo ze-SenseTotem kanye ne-SenseFace zisiza ukubona izigcawu zobugebengu obungenzeka kanye nobuso balabo abangaba izephula-mthetho.
Abathuthukisi besithunywa se-WeChat esidumile kanye nohlelo lokukhokha lwe-Alipay baphinde babambisane nohlelo lokulawula.
Okulandelayo, ama-algorithms athuthukiswe ngokukhethekile ahlola isenzo sesakhamuzi ngasinye, anikeze amaphuzu ezenzo ezinhle futhi akhiphe amaphuzu kokubi. Ngakho-ke, "amaphuzu omphakathi" womuntu siqu akhelwa umhlali ngamunye wezwe.
Ngokuvamile, kuvela ukuthi impilo eMbusweni Ophakathi iqala ukufana nomdlalo wekhompyutha. Uma isakhamuzi se-hooligans ezindaweni zomphakathi, sihlambalaza abanye futhi sihola, njengoba besho, ukuphila okungahambisani nomphakathi, khona-ke "amaphuzu omphakathi" azoba ngokushesha, futhi uzothola ukwenqaba yonke indawo.
Isistimu okwamanje isebenza kumodi yokuhlola, kodwa ngo-2021 izosetshenziswa ezweni lonke futhi ihlanganiswe ibe yinethiwekhi eyodwa. Ngakho eminyakeni embalwa, i-Skynet izokwazi konke mayelana nesakhamuzi saseShayina!
Ekuphethweni
Lesi sihloko sikhuluma ngezinhlelo ezibiza izigidi zamaRandi. Kodwa ngisho nezinhlelo ezinkulu kakhulu azinawo amandla ayingqayizivele atholakala kuphela ngamanani emali eshisiwe. Ubuchwepheshe buhlala bushibhile: yini ebiza amashumi ezinkulungwane zamaRandi eminyakeni engu-20 edlule manje ingathengwa ngezinkulungwane zama-ruble.
Uma uqhathanisa izici zesistimu yokugada amavidiyo abiza kakhulu nezisombululo ezidumile okwamanje ezisetshenziswa amabhizinisi amancane naphakathi nendawo, umehluko phakathi kwazo uzoba ngesikali.
Source: www.habr.com