Ukufuduka kwengqalasizinda ye-IT okuhlulekile kubangele inkohlakalo yamarekhodi amakhasimende asebhange ayi-1,3 billion. Konke lokhu kwakungenxa yokuhlolwa okunganele kanye nesimo sengqondo esingenangqondo mayelana nezinhlelo ze-IT eziyinkimbinkimbi. I-Cloud4Y isitshela ukuthi kwenzeke kanjani.
Ngo-2018 English wabona ukuthi “idivosi” yakhe yeminyaka emibili neqembu lasebhange iLloyds (zombili izinkampani ezihlanganiswe ngo-1995) zibiza kakhulu. I-TSB yayisaboshelwe kumlingani wayo wangaphambili ngamasistimu e-IT e-Lloyds ahlanganiswe ngokushesha. Okubi kunakho konke, ibhange bekufanele likhokhe “i-alimony,” imali yelayisense yonyaka eyizigidi ezingama- $127.
Bambalwa abantu abathanda ukukhokha imali kwabakwa-ex babo, ngakho ngo-Ephreli 22, 2018 ngo-18:00 i-TSB yaqala isigaba sokugcina sohlelo lwezinyanga eziyi-18 obekufanele luguqule yonke into. Bekuhlelwe ukuthi kudluliselwe izigidigidi zamarekhodi amakhasimende ohlelweni lwe-IT lwenkampani yaseSpain i-Banco Sabadell, eyathenga i-TSB ngo-$2,2 billion emuva ngo-2015.
I-CEO ye-Banco Sabadell u-José Olu ukhulume ngomcimbi ozayo amasonto angu-2 ngaphambi kukaKhisimusi 2017 ngesikhathi somhlangano wabasebenzi bemikhosi ehholo lenkomfa elihloniphekile e-Barcelona. Ithuluzi lokufuduka elibaluleke kakhulu kwakuwukuba inguqulo entsha yesistimu eyakhiwe yi-Banco Sabadell: Proteo. Yaze yaqanjwa kabusha ngokuthi i-Proteo4UK ikakhulukazi iphrojekthi yokuthutha ye-TSB.
Esethulweni se-Proteo4UK, umqondisi omkhulu we-Banco Sabadell u-Jaime Guardiola Romojaro uzishaye isifuba ngokuthi uhlelo olusha luwumsebenzi omkhulu ongenawo ama-analogue eYurophu, lapho ochwepheshe abangaphezu kwe-1000 basebenze khona. Futhi ukuthi ukuqaliswa kwayo kuzonikeza umfutho obalulekile ekukhuleni kwe-Banco Sabadell e-UK.
Umhla zingama-22 kuMbasa wezi-2018 wabekwa njengosuku lokufuduka. KwakuyiSonto elithulile kusihlwa phakathi nentwasahlobo. Izinhlelo ze-IT zaleli bhange beziphansi njengoba amarekhodi abedluliswa esuka kolunye uhlelo eyiswa kolunye. Ngokufinyelela komphakathi kuma-akhawunti asebhange abuyiselwe emuva kwesikhathi ngeSonto, umuntu angalindela ukuthi ibhange libuyele kancane kancane ekusebenzeni.
Kodwa ngenkathi u-Olyu no-Guardiola Romojaro bebesakaza ngenjabulo besesiteji mayelana nokuqaliswa kwephrojekthi ye-Proteo4UK, abasebenzi ababhekele inqubo yokufuduka babenovalo kakhulu. Lo msebenzi, othathe izinyanga eziyi-18 ukuphothulwa, ubusemuva kakhulu ngesikhathi futhi ungaphezu kwesabelomali. Sasingekho isikhathi sokwenza izivivinyo ezengeziwe. Kodwa ukudlulisa yonke idatha yenkampani (okuyinto, khumbula, izinkulungwane zezigidi zamarekhodi) kwenye isistimu kuwumsebenzi we-Herculean.
Kwavela ukuthi onjiniyela babenovalo ngesizathu esihle.
I-stub kusayithi amakhasimende ayibone isikhathi eside kakhulu
Imizuzu engu-20 ngemva kokuba i-TSB ivule ukufinyelela kuma-akhawunti, iqiniseka ngokugcwele ukuthi ukufuduka kuhambe kahle, imibiko yokuqala yezinkinga yafika.
Imali eyongiwe abantu ivele yashabalala kuma-akhawunti abo. Ukuthengwa kwamanani angabalulekile kubhalwe ngephutha njengezindleko zamadola ayizinkulungwane eziningi. Abanye abantu bangene kuma-akhawunti abo siqu futhi ababonanga ama-akhawunti abo asebhange, kodwa ama-akhawunti abantu abahluke ngokuphelele.
Ngo-21:00, abamele i-TSB bazise umlawuli wendawo wezezimali (i-UK Financial Conduct Authority, FCA) ukuthi ibhange lisenkingeni. Kodwa i-FCA isivele yaqaphela: I-TSB ishaye kabi ngempela, futhi amakhasimende enziwe izilima. Futhi-ke, baqala ukukhononda (futhi namuhla, ukulahla imigqa embalwa ku-Twitter noma ku-Facebook akunzima ikakhulukazi). Ngo-23:30 p.m., i-FCA ithintwa omunye umlawuli wezezimali, i-Prudential Regulation Authority (PRA), nayo ezwe ukuthi kukhona okungalungile.
Ngemva kwamabili sebekwazile ukudlulela komunye wabamele ibhange. Bese ubabuza umbuzo owodwa kuphela: "Kwenzekani isihogo?"
Kuthathe isikhathi ukuqonda ubukhulu benhlekelele, kodwa manje sesiyazi ukuthi amarekhodi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-1,3 amakhasimende ayizigidi ezingu-5,4 alimala ngesikhathi sokufuduka. Okungenani isonto lonke, amaklayenti awakwazanga ukuphatha imali yawo kumakhompyutha noma kumadivayisi eselula. Abakwazanga ukukhokha imali ebolekiwe, futhi amakhasimende amaningi asebhange athola isisihla emlandweni wawo wezikweletu, kanye nezimali ezikhokhwa sekwephuzile.
Lena yindlela ibhange le-inthanethi lekhasimende le-TSB elibukeka ngayo
Lapho izingqinamba ziqala ukuvela, cishe ngokushesha ngemva kwalokho, abameleli bamabhange baphikelela ngokuthi izinkinga “zazihlala ngezikhawu. Ezinsukwini ezintathu kamuva, kwakhishwa isitatimende sokuthi zonke izinhlelo zijwayelekile. Kodwa amakhasimende aqhubekile nokubika izinkinga. Kwaze kwaba ngumhla zingama-26 kuMbasa wezi-2018 lapho isikhulu esiphezulu sebhange, uPaul Pester, sivuma ukuthi i-TSB “yayiguqe ngamadolo” njengoba ingqalasizinda ye-IT yebhange iqhubeka nokuba “nenkinga yomkhawulokudonsa” evimbela cishe amakhasimende ayisigidi ekufinyeleleni izinsiza zamabhange ku-inthanethi.
Emasontweni amabili kufuduka, isicelo sokubhanga ku-inthanethi bekusabikwa ukuthi sihlangabezana namaphutha angaphakathi ahlobene nesizindalwazi se-SQL.
Izinkinga zokukhokha, ikakhulukazi ngezikweletu zebhizinisi nezezindlu, ziqhubekile kuze kube amasonto amane. Futhi izintatheli ezazitholakala yonke indawo zithole ukuthi i-TSB yasichitha isicelo sosizo esivela kwa-Lloyds Banking Group ekuqaleni kwenkinga yokufuduka. Ngokuvamile, izinkinga ezihlobene nokungena ezinsizeni ze-inthanethi kanye nekhono lokudlulisa imali zibonwe kuze kube uSepthemba 3.
Umlando omncane
I-ATM yokuqala yavulwa mhla zingama-27 kuNhlangulana 1967 eduze kwaseBarclays e-Enfield
Izinhlelo ze-IT zebhange ziya ngokuya ziba nzima njengoba izidingo zamakhasimende kanye nokulindelwe ebhange kwanda. Cishe eminyakeni engu-40-60 edlule, besiyojabula ukuvakashela igatsha lebhange lasendaweni ngezikhathi zebhizinisi ukuze sifake ukheshi noma siyikhiphe ngomtsheleki.
Inani lemali ku-akhawunti lalihlobene ngokuqondile nokheshi nezinhlamvu zemali esizinikeze ibhange. Izimali zethu zasekhaya zingalandelelwa ngepeni nephepha, futhi amasistimu ekhompyutha ayengafinyeleleki kumakhasimende. Izisebenzi zasebhange zafaka idatha ephuma kuma-passbook neminye imithombo yezindaba emishinini ebala imali.
Kodwa ngo-1967 enyakatho yeLondon ngokokuqala ngqá i-ATM ebingekho emagcekeni asebhange. Futhi lo mcimbi washintsha ibhange. Ukusebenziseka kalula sekuphenduke uphawu lokuthuthukiswa kwezikhungo zezezimali. Futhi lokhu kusize amabhange ukuthi abe yinkimbinkimbi mayelana nokusebenzisana namakhasimende kanye nemali yawo. Phela, nakuba izinhlelo zamakhompiyutha zazitholakala kubasebenzi basebhange kuphela, zazeneliswa indlela endala, “yamaphepha” yokuxhumana namakhasimende. Kwaba ngokufika kwama-ATM kanye nokubhanga nge-inthanethi lapho umphakathi jikelele wathola khona ukufinyelela okuqondile ezinhlelweni ze-IT zamabhange.
Ama-ATM ayeyisiqalo nje. Ngokushesha abantu bakwazi ukugwema ulayini endaweni yokukhipha imali ngokumane bashayele ibhange ngocingo. Lokhu kwakudinga amakhadi akhethekile afakwe kumfundi okwazi ukucacisa amasiginali we-dual-tone multi-frequency (DTMF) asakazwa lapho umsebenzisi ecindezela ukhiye othi “1” (khipha imali) noma “2” (imali yediphozithi).
I-inthanethi kanye nokubhanga kweselula kulethe amakhasimende eduze nezinhlelo eziwumgogodla ezinika amandla amabhange. Naphezu kwemikhawulo nezilungiselelo zabo ezihlukene, zonke lezi zinhlelo kufanele zihlanganyele ngokuphumelelayo komunye nomunye kanye ne-mainframe enkulu, ukuhlola ibhalansi ye-akhawunti, ukwenza ukudluliselwa kwemali, njalonjalo.
Ambalwa amaklayenti acabanga ukuthi iyinkimbinkimbi kangakanani indlela yolwazi lapho, isibonelo, ungena ebhange eliku-inthanethi ukuze ubuke noma ubuyekeze ulwazi mayelana nemali eku-akhawunti yakho. Uma ungena ngemvume, le datha idluliswa ngesethi yamaseva; lapho wenza umsebenzi, isistimu iphinda le datha kungqalasizinda ye-backend, ebese yenza umsebenzi onzima-ukudlulisa imali isuka kwenye i-akhawunti iye kwenye ukuze ukhokhe izikweletu, izinkokhelo, futhi uqhubeke nokubhalisela.
Manje phinda le nqubo ngezigidigidi ezimbalwa. Ngokwemininingwane ehlanganiswe yiBhange Lomhlaba ngosizo lweBill and Melinda Gates Foundation, abantu abadala emhlabeni wonke bane-akhawunti yasebhange. Ngamunye walaba bantu unezikweletu okufanele azikhokhe. Othile ukhokha imali mboleko noma udlulisela imali yamakilabhu ezingane, othile ukhokhela ukubhaliswa kweNetflix noma ukuqasha iseva yefu. Futhi bonke laba bantu basebenzisa amabhange angaphezu kwelilodwa.
Amasistimu amaningi e-IT angaphakathi ebhange elilodwa (amabhange eselula, ama-ATM, njll.) akumele avele axhumane. Badinga ukusebenzisana nezinye izinhlelo zamabhange e-Brazil, China, naseJalimane. I-ATM yaseFrance kufanele ikwazi ukukhipha imali esekhadini lasebhange elikhishwe ndawana thize eBolivia.
Imali ibilokhu isemhlabeni wonke, kodwa akukaze kwenzeke ngaphambili ukuthi uhlelo lube yinkimbinkimbi kangaka. Inani lezindlela zokusebenzisa amasistimu e-IT yasebhange liyakhula, kodwa izindlela zakudala zisasetshenziswa. Impumelelo yebhange incike kakhulu ekutheni ingqalasizinda yalo ye-IT “igcineke” kangakanani, nokuthi ibhange lingabhekana ngempumelelo kangakanani nokwehluleka okungazelelwe ngenxa yokuthi uhlelo luzobe lungasebenzi.
Azikho izivivinyo - lungiselela izinkinga
Isikhulu seBanco de Sabadell uJaime Guardiola (kwesokunxele) ubezethemba ukuthi konke kuzohamba kahle. Akusebenzanga.
Amasistimu ekhompiyutha e-TSB ayengemuhle kakhulu ekuxazululeni izinkinga ngokushesha. Kube khona-ke izinkinga ze-software, kodwa empeleni ibhange “laphuka” ngenxa yobunkimbinkimbi obudlulele bezinhlelo zalo ze-IT. Ngokombiko, owalungiselelwa ezinsukwini zokuqala zokunqamuka okukhulu, "inhlanganisela yezinhlelo zokusebenza ezintsha, ukwanda kokusetshenziswa kwama-microservices kuhlanganiswe nokusetshenziswa kwezikhungo zedatha ezimbili Ezisebenzayo/Ezisebenzayo kwaholela engozini eyinkimbinkimbi ekukhiqizeni."
Amanye amabhange, njenge-HSBC, asebenza emhlabeni wonke ngakho-ke anezinhlelo eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ezixhumene. Kodwa ahlolwa njalo, athuthelwe futhi avuselelwe, ngokusho komphathi oyedwa we-HSBC IT e-Lancaster. Ubona i-HSBC njengesibonelo sokuthi amanye amabhange kufanele aphathe kanjani izinhlelo zawo ze-IT: ngokunikela abasebenzi nokusebenzisa isikhathi sabo. Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo uyavuma ukuthi ebhange elincane, ikakhulukazi elingenalo ulwazi lokufuduka, ukwenza lokhu ngendlela efanele kuwumsebenzi onzima kakhulu.
Ukufuduka kwe-TSB kwakunzima. Futhi, ngokusho kochwepheshe, abasebenzi basebhange abakwazanga ukufinyelela kuleli zinga lobunzima mayelana neziqu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abazange bazihluphe ngisho nokubheka isisombululo sabo noma bahlole ukufuduka kusenesikhathi.
Phakathi nenkulumo ePhalamende laseBrithani ngezinkinga zamabhange, u-Andrew Bailey, isikhulu esiphezulu seFCA, ukuqinisekisile lokhu kusola. Ikhodi embi cishe ibangele kuphela izinkinga zasekuqaleni kwa-TSB, kodwa amasistimu axhumene enethiwekhi yezezimali yomhlaba wonke asho ukuthi amaphutha ayo aqhutshwa njalo futhi awanakuhlehliswa. Ibhange liqhubekile nokubona amaphutha abengalindelekile kwenye indawo ekwakhiweni kwalo kwe-IT. Amakhasimende athole imilayezo engasho lutho noma engahlobene nezinkinga zawo.
Ukuhlolwa kokuhlehla kungasiza ukuvimbela inhlekelele ngokubamba ikhodi embi ngaphambi kokuthi ikhiqizwe futhi kudale umonakalo ngokudala iziphazamisi ezingakwazi ukuhlehliswa. Kodwa ibhange lanquma ukugijima endaweni enamabhomu elalingazi nakwazi ngayo. Imiphumela yayingabikezelwa. Enye inkinga kwaba “ukwenziwa kahle” kwezindleko. Yazibonakalisa kanjani? Iqiniso liwukuthi phambilini kwanqunywa ukuthi kuqedwe amakhophi ayisipele agcinwe kwa-Lloyds, njengoba “adle” imali eningi kakhulu.
Amabhange aseBrithani (namanye futhi) alwela ukuzuza izinga lokutholakala kwezine, okungukuthi, ama-99,99%. Empeleni, lokhu kusho ukuthi uhlelo lwe-IT kufanele lutholakale ngaso sonke isikhathi, kuze kufike kumaminithi angu-52 wesikhathi sokuphumula ngonyaka. Uhlelo lwe-"three nines", 99,9%, ekuqaleni aluhluka kakhulu. Kodwa empeleni lokhu kusho ukuthi isikhathi sokuphumula sifinyelela amahora angu-8 ngonyaka. Ebhange, "ama-nines amane" alungile, kodwa "amathathu ayisishiyagalolunye" akunjalo.
Kodwa ngaso sonke isikhathi uma inkampani yenza izinguquko engqalasizinda yayo ye-IT, kuba sengozini. Phela kukhona okungahamba kahle. Ukunciphisa izinguquko kungasiza ukugwema izinkinga, kuyilapho izinguquko ezidingekayo zidinga ukuhlolwa ngokucophelela. Futhi nabalawuli baseBrithani bagxilise ukunaka kwabo kuleli phuzu.
Mhlawumbe indlela elula yokugwema isikhathi sokuphumula ukwenza izinguquko ezimbalwa. Kodwa wonke amabhange, njenganoma iyiphi enye inkampani, ayaphoqeleka ukuthi ethule izici eziwusizo kakhulu kumakhasimende nebhizinisi lawo ukuze aqhubeke nokuncintisana. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, amabhange asabophekile ukuba anakekele amakhasimende awo, avikele imali yawo kanye nedatha yomuntu siqu, anikeze izimo ezikhululekile zokusebenzisa izinsizakalo. Kuvela ukuthi izinhlangano ziphoqeleka ukuba zichithe isikhathi esiningi nemali zigcina impilo yengqalasizinda yazo ye-IT, kuyilapho ngesikhathi esifanayo zinikeza izinsizakalo ezintsha.
Isibalo sokuhluleka kwezobuchwepheshe okubikiwe emkhakheni wezinsizakalo zezezimali e-UK sikhuphuke ngamaphesenti angu-187 phakathi kuka-2017 no-2018, ngokusho kwedatha ekhishwe yi-Financial Conduct Authority yase-UK. Imvamisa, imbangela yokwehluleka yizinkinga ekusebenzeni kokusebenza okusha. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kubalulekile ukuthi amabhange aqinisekise ukusebenza okungaphazamiseki njalo kwazo zonke izinsizakalo kanye nokubika cishe ngokushesha kokuthengiselana. Amaklayenti ahlala ethukile lapho imali yawo ilenga ndawana thize. Futhi iklayenti elinovalo ngemali lihlala liwuphawu lwenkinga.
Ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ngemuva kokwehluleka kwe-TSB (ngaleso sikhathi umphathi webhange wayesulile), abalawuli bezezimali base-UK kanye neBhange LaseNgilandi. ukuze kuxoxwe ngezindaba zokusimama kokusebenza. Ngakho-ke bazama ukuphakamisa umbuzo wokuthi amabhange ajule kangakanani ekuphishekeleni izinto ezintsha, nokuthi angakwazi yini ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzile kwesistimu abanayo manje.
Lo mbhalo uphinde waphakamisa izinguquko emthethweni. Bekumayelana nokubamba abantu ngaphakathi enkampanini ukuthi baziphendulele ngalokho okungahambi kahle ezinhlelweni ze-IT zaleyo nkampani. Amalungu ephalamende laseBrithani akuchaza ngale ndlela: “Lapho ubhekene nomthwalo wemfanelo ngokomuntu siqu, futhi ungase uswele imali noma uvalelwe ejele, lokhu kuyosishintsha kakhulu isimo sengqondo ngomsebenzi, kuhlanganise nokwandisa isikhathi esinikelwa endabeni yokwethembeka nokuphepha.”
Imiphumela
Zonke izibuyekezo neziqephu zehlela ekulawuleni ubungozi, ikakhulukazi uma kubandakanyeka amakhulu ezigidi zamadola. Phela uma kukhona okungahambi kahle kungabiza imali nedumela. Kungase kubonakale izinto ezisobala. Nokwehluleka kwebhange ngesikhathi befuduka bekumele kubafundise lukhulu.
Kwadingeka. Kodwa akazange angifundise. NgoNovemba 2019, i-TSB, ephinde yazuza inzuzo futhi yathuthukisa kancane isithunzi sayo, amakhasimende "ajabule" emkhakheni wezobuchwepheshe bolwazi. Igalelo lesibili kuleli bhange lisho ukuthi lizophoqeleka ukuthi livale amagatsha angu-82 ngo-2020 ukuze lehlise izindleko zalo. Noma akakwazanga nje ukonga kochwepheshe be-IT.
Ukukhathala nge-IT ekugcineni kuza ngezindleko. I-TSB ibike ukulahlekelwa kwezigidi ezingu-134 zamaRandi ngo-2018, uma kuqhathaniswa nenzuzo yezigidi ezingu-206 zamaRandi ngo-2017. Izindleko zangemva kokufuduka, okuhlanganisa ukunxeshezelwa kwamakhasimende, ukulungisa ukuthengiselana okuwumgunyathi (okukhuphuke kakhulu phakathi nezinxushunxushu zamabhange), kanye nosizo lwezinkampani zangaphandle, zenza isamba semali engu-$419 million. Umhlinzeki we-IT waleli bhange uphinde wakhokhiswa u-$194 million ngeqhaza lawo kule nkinga.
Kodwa-ke, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yiziphi izifundo ezifundwayo ekuhlulekeni kwebhange le-TSB, ukuphazamiseka kusazokwenzeka. Azinakugwenywa. Kodwa ngokuhlolwa nekhodi enhle, ukuphahlazeka nesikhathi sokuphumula kungancishiswa kakhulu. I-Cloud4Y, evame ukusiza izinkampani ezinkulu zithuthele kwingqalasizinda yamafu, iyaqonda ukubaluleka kokusuka ngokushesha ohlelweni olulodwa kuya kolunye. Ngakho-ke, singakwazi ukwenza ukuhlolwa komthwalo futhi sisebenzise isistimu yokwenza isipele yamazinga amaningi, kanye nezinye izinketho ezikuvumela ukuthi uhlole konke okusemandleni ngaphambi kokuqala ukufuduka.
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Source: www.habr.com