Iningi labahleli bezinhlelo zesimanje bathole imfundo yabo emanyuvesi. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lokhu kuzoshintsha, kodwa manje izinto sezinje kangangokuthi abasebenzi abalungile ezinkampanini ze-IT basaphuma emanyuvesi. Kulokhu okuthunyelwe, uStanislav Protasov, uMqondisi we-Acronis we-University Relations, ukhuluma ngombono wakhe wezici zokuqeqeshwa kwenyuvesi kwabahleli bezinhlelo bakusasa. Othisha, abafundi kanye nalabo ababaqashayo bangase bathole amathiphu awusizo ngaphansi kokusikwa.
Kule minyaka engu-10 edlule bengifundisa izibalo, ama-algorithms, izilimi zokuhlela nokufunda ngomshini emanyuvesi ahlukahlukene. Namuhla, ngaphezu kwesikhundla sami e-Acronis, ngiphinde ngibe yiphini lenhloko yomnyango wesayensi yekhompiyutha esetshenziswayo e-MIPT. Ngokuhlangenwe nakho kwami ngisebenza emanyuvesi amahle aseRussia (hhayi nje kuphela), ngiye ngabona okuthile mayelana nokulungiswa kwabafundi emikhakheni yekhompyutha.
Umthetho wesibili we-30 awusasebenzi
Ngiyaqiniseka ukuthi uhlangabezane nomthetho wesibili we-30, othi umhleli kufanele aqonde inhloso yomsebenzi ngemva kokubheka ikhodi yawo ngokushesha. Yasungulwa kudala, futhi kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kuye kwavela izinhlelo eziningi zokusebenza, izilimi, i-hardware nama-algorithms. Bengilokhu ngibhala ikhodi iminyaka engu-12, kodwa muva nje ngibone ikhodi yomthombo yomkhiqizo owodwa, okwathi uma uthi nhlá yabonakala njengeziphonso zomlingo kimi. Namuhla, uma ungacwiliswanga endaweni yesifundo, umthetho wesibili we-30 uyayeka ukusebenza. Uma kungenjalo, hhayi kuphela i-30, kodwa futhi imizuzwana engu-300 ngeke yanele ukuze uthole ukuthi yini.
Isibonelo, uma ufuna ukubhala abashayeli, uzodinga ukucwila kule ndawo futhi ufunde izinkulungwane zemigqa yekhodi ethile. Ngale ndlela yokufunda isifundo, uchwepheshe uthuthukisa "umuzwa wokugeleza." Njengakwi-rap, lapho umuzwa wesigqi esihle nesigqi esilungile uvela ngaphandle kokulinganisa okukhethekile. Ngokufanayo, umhleli oqeqeshwe kahle angabona kalula ikhodi engasebenzi noma elula nje ngaphandle kokungena esifundweni esinemininingwane yalapho ukwephulwa kwesitayela kwenzeke khona noma indlela engafanele isetshenziswe (kodwa lo muzwa ungaba nzima kakhulu ukuwuchaza).
Ubungcweti kanye nobunzima obukhulayo buholela eqinisweni lokuthi imfundo ye-bachelor ayisanikezi ithuba lokufunda zonke izindawo ngokujula okwanele. Kodwa kukuleli zinga lemfundo lapho umuntu adinga khona ukuba nombono. Ngemuva kwalokho, esikoleni esiphakeme noma emsebenzini, kuzodingeka uchithe isikhathi esithile ucwilisa ezinkingeni nasekucacisweni kwendawo yesifundo, ukufunda isitsotsi, izilimi zokuhlela kanye nekhodi yozakwenu, ukufunda izindatshana nezincwadi. Kimina kubonakala sengathi lena ukuphela kwendlela, ngosizo lwenyuvesi, “yokumpompa umugqa ophambanayo” ngekusasa. .
Iluphi ulimi lokuhlela olungcono kakhulu ongalufundisa enyuvesi?
Okwangijabulisayo ukuthi othisha basenyuvesi sebeyekile kakade ukufuna impendulo enembile yombuzo othi: “Iluphi ulimi olungcono kakhulu ongahlela ngalo?” Inkulumompikiswano mayelana nokuthi yikuphi okungcono - C# noma Java, Delphi noma C++ - isinyamalele. Ukuvela kwezilimi eziningi ezintsha zokuhlela kanye nokuqoqwa kokuhlangenwe nakho kokufundisa kuholele ekuqondeni okuqinile endaweni yezemfundo: ulimi ngalunye lunendawo yalo.
Inkinga yokufundisa kusetshenziswa ulimi olulodwa noma olunye uhlelo ayiseyona into ehamba phambili. Akunandaba ukuthi isifundo sifundiswa ngaluphi ulimi. Into esemqoka ukuvezwa okwanele kolimi. Bhukha "” kuwumfanekiso omuhle walokhu okuphawuliwe. Kulolu shicilelo lwakudala, zonke izibonelo zivezwa nge-Java - ulimi olungenazo izikhombi, kodwa ngoMqoqi kadoti. Cishe akekho ongaphikisa ngokuthi i-Java ikude nenketho efanelekile yokubhala ikhodi ehambisanayo esebenza kahle. Kodwa ulimi lwalufaneleka ekuchazeni imiqondo evezwe encwadini. Esinye isibonelo - U-Andrew Nna, wafundisa eMatlab endaweni ye-Octave. Namuhla ungakhetha ulimi oluhlukile lokuhlela, kodwa wenza muphi umehluko ngempela uma imibono nezindlela zibalulekile?
Ukusebenza okwengeziwe futhi eduze neqiniso
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, eminyakeni yamuva nje sekube nabasebenzi abaningi abaningi emanyuvesi. Uma izinhlelo zangaphambili zaseyunivesithi yaseRussia zagxekwa ngenkuthalo ngokuhlukana neqiniso, namuhla okufanayo akunakushiwo ngemfundo ye-IT. Eminyakeni engu-10 edlule cishe babengekho othisha emanyuvesi abanolwazi lwangempela lwemboni. Namuhla, kaningi, amakilasi emnyangweni okhethekile awafundiswa othisha besikhathi esigcwele besayensi yekhompiyutha, kodwa ngochwepheshe be-IT abaqhuba izifundo ezi-1-2 kuphela ngesikhathi sabo samahhala emsebenzini wabo oyinhloko. Le ndlela iyazithethelela ngokombono wokuqeqeshwa kwezisebenzi ezisezingeni eliphezulu, ukuvuselela izifundo kanye, vele, ukucinga abasebenzi abangase babe khona enkampanini. Angicabangi ukuthi ngizodalula imfihlo ngokuthi sisekela umnyango oyisisekelo e-MIPT futhi sakhe ubudlelwano namanye amanyuvesi, okuhlanganisa nokulungiselela abafundi abangaqala imisebenzi yabo e-Acronis.
Isazi sezibalo noma umklami?
Izimpi ezingcwele, phambilini ebezizungeza izilimi zokuhlela, sezidlulele endleleni yefilosofi. Manje labo okuthiwa “abahleli bohlelo” kanye “nochwepheshe bezibalo” baphikisana bodwa. Empeleni, lezi zikole zingahlukaniswa zibe izinhlelo ezimbili zemfundo, kodwa imboni isempofu ekuhlukaniseni ubuqili obunjalo, futhi kusukela enyuvesi kuya enyuvesi sinemfundo efanayo egxile kancane. Lokhu kusho ukuthi bobabili umfundi kanye nenkampani azoqhubeka nokusebenza kuyo kuzofanele bangezelele indida yolwazi ngezicucu ezingekho.
Ukuvela kodokotela emanyuvesi ababhala ikhodi yezimboni ngezilimi ezahlukene kunikeza abafundi amakhono angcono okuthuthukisa. Ukujwayelana kahle nokusetshenziswa kwemitapo yolwazi ejwayelekile, izinhlaka nezindlela zokuhlela, abahleli bezinhlelo abaprakthiza bafaka kubafundi isifiso sokubhala amakhodi amahle, ukuwenza ngokushesha nangempumelelo.
Leli khono eliwusizo, nokho, kwesinye isikhathi liholela ekuveleni kwalabo abathanda ukuqamba kabusha isondo. Abafundi abahlelayo bacabanga kanje: “Ingabe kufanele ngibhale eminye imigqa engama-200 yekhodi enhle ezoxazulula inkinga ngqo?”
Othisha abathole imfundo yezibalo yakudala (isibonelo, abavela ku-Faculty of Mathematics noma Applied Mathematics) bavame ukusebenza endaweni yesayensi mbumbulu, noma emkhakheni wokumodela nokuhlaziya idatha. "Izazi zezibalo" zibona izinkinga emkhakheni weComputer Science ngendlela ehlukile. Ngokuyinhloko azisebenzi ngekhodi, kodwa ngama-algorithms, ama-theorems, namamodeli asemthethweni. Inzuzo ebalulekile yendlela yezibalo ukuqonda okuyisisekelo okucacile kwalokho okungaxazululeka nokungeke kuxazululwe. Nendlela yokuyixazulula.
Ngokunjalo, othisha bezibalo bakhuluma ngohlelo ngokuchema nethiyori. Abafundi abavela “kosolwazi bezibalo” bavame ukuqhamuka nezixazululo ezicatshangelwe kahle neziphakeme ngokwethiyori, kodwa ngokuvamile ezingezinhle ngokombono wolimi futhi ngokuvamile ezibhalwe ngobudlabha. Umfundi onjalo ukholelwa ukuthi umgomo wakhe oyinhloko uwukubonisa ikhono lokuxazulula izinkinga ezinjalo ngokwesimiso. Kodwa ukuqaliswa kungase kuphazamiseke.
Izingane ezikhuliswe njengabahleli bezinhlelo esikoleni noma eminyakeni yazo yokuqala ziletha "ibhayisikili elihle kakhulu", okuyinto, nokho, ngokuvamile engasebenzi kahle kakhulu ngokungabonakali. Ngokuphambene nalokho, abazibeki umsebenzi wokwenza ithiyori ejulile futhi baphendukele ezincwadini zokufunda ukuze bathole izixazululo ezifanele, bekhetha ikhodi enhle.
Emanyuvesi ahlukene, phakathi nezingxoxo zabafundi, ngivame ukubona ukuthi yisiphi “isikole” esingaphansi kwemfundo yakhe. Futhi cishe angikaze ngihlangabezane nokulinganisela okuphelele emfundweni eyisisekelo. Njengengane, edolobheni lami wawungalungiselela ama-olympiad ezibalo, kodwa ayengekho amakilabhu okuhlela. Manje, emakilabhini, izingane zifunda ukuhlela “ngemfashini” iGo kanye nePython. Ngakho-ke, ngisho nasezingeni lokwamukelwa emanyuvesi, kunomehluko ezindleleni. Ngikholelwa ukuthi kubalulekile ukugcina amakhono womabili enyuvesi, ngaphandle kwalokho uchwepheshe onesisekelo esinganele sethiyori, noma umuntu ongafundile futhi ongafuni ukubhala ikhodi enhle, uzofika azosebenza enkampanini.
Indlela "yokumpompa ibha enqamulayo" ngokuzayo
Kuyacaca ukuthi ezimweni ezinjalo umfundi umane azikhethele lokho akuthanda kakhulu. Uthisha umane aveze umbono wakhe oseduze naye. Kodwa wonke umuntu uzozuza uma ikhodi ibhalwe kahle, futhi ngokombono we-algorithms, konke kucacile, kunengqondo futhi kusebenza kahle.
- Ama-horizons we-IT. Umuntu oneziqu ze-bachelor ku-Computer Science unguchwepheshe osewenziwe ngomumo onombono othuthukile wezobuchwepheshe, okungenzeka ukuthi okhethe iphrofayili yakhe. Kodwa ngonyaka omncane, asazi ukuthi uzokwenzenjani. Angakwazi ukungena kwisayensi noma ku-analytics, noma, ngokuphambene nalokho, angabhala inani elikhulu lekhodi nsuku zonke. Ngakho-ke, umfundi udinga ukuboniswa zonke izici zokusebenza emkhakheni we-IT futhi wethulwe kuwo wonke amathuluzi. Ngokufanelekile, othisha abavela ezifundweni zethiyori bazokhombisa ukuxhumana nokuzijwayeza (futhi ngokuphambene nalokho).
- Iphuzu lokukhula. Kusezithakazelweni zomfundi ngokwakhe ukuthi angavumeli ukweqisa. Ukuqonda ukuthi “uyisazi sezibalo” noma “umhleli” akunzima. Kwanele ukulalela umfutho wokuqala lapho uxazulula inkinga: yini ofuna ukuyenza - bheka encwadini ukuze uthole indlela efanelekile noma ubhale imisebenzi embalwa ezoba usizo kamuva? Ngokusekelwe kulokhu, ungakha omunye umkhondo ohambisanayo wokufunda kwakho.
- Eminye imithombo yolwazi. Kwenzeka ukuthi uhlelo lunokulinganisela kahle, kodwa "Ukuhlelwa Kwesistimu" kanye "Ama-algorithms" afundiswa abantu abahluke ngokuphelele, kanti abanye abafundi baseduze nothisha wokuqala, kanti abanye - kwesibili. Kodwa noma ungamthandi uprofesa, lesi akusona isizathu sokudebeselela ezinye izifundo uvuna ezinye. Iziqu zeBachelor ngokwazo zinentshisekelo yokuthola isifiso sokusebenza ngemithombo yolwazi futhi akukho nakancane ukwethemba imibono eqinile njengokuthi "izibalo ziyindlovukazi yesayensi, into esemqoka ukwazi ama-algorithms" noma "ikhodi enhle inxephezela yonke enye into."
Ungajulisa ulwazi lwakho ngethiyori ngokuphendukela ezincwadini ezikhethekile nasezifundweni eziku-inthanethi. Ungathuthukisa amakhono akho ngezilimi zokuhlela ku-Coursera, Udacity noma i-Stepik, lapho kwethulwa khona izifundo eziningi ezahlukahlukene. Futhi, abafundi bavame ukuqala ukubukela izifundo zolimi oluqinile uma benomuzwa wokuthi uthisha we-algorithms uzazi kahle izibalo, kodwa akakwazi ukuphendula imibuzo eyinkimbinkimbi yokusebenzisa. Akuwona wonke umuntu ozovumelana nami, kodwa ekusebenzeni kwami kuzibonakalise kahle , lapho izici zolimi eziyinkimbinkimbi ngokwengeziwe zihlaziywa ngokulandelana kwazo. Ngokuvamile, khetha isifundo esinezilinganiso eziphezulu ezivela ezinkampanini ezihlonishwayo noma amanyuvesi.
Amakhono aphansi
Njengoba besuka enyuvesi bazosebenza kunoma iyiphi inkampani, kusukela ekuqaleni kuya enkampanini enkulu, abafundi bamanyuvesi aphakeme bazithola bengajwayelene kahle nendawo yokusebenza yangempela. Iqiniso liwukuthi namuhla amanyuvesi “agada” abafundi kakhulu. Ngisho nangemva kokuphuthelwa amakilasi amaningi, ukungalungiseleli izivivinyo nokuhlolwa ngesikhathi, ukulala ngokweqile, noma ukufika sekwephuzile ukuhlolwa, wonke umuntu angaphasa futhi aphinde ayithathe futhi - futhi ekugcineni usathola idiploma.
Kodwa-ke, namuhla kukhona zonke izimo zokuthi abafundi balungele impilo yabantu abadala kanye nomsebenzi ozimele wochwepheshe. Kuzodingeka bangagcini nje ngokuhlela, kodwa futhi baxhumane. Futhi lokhu kudinga ukufundiswa. Amanyuvesi anezakhiwo ezehlukene zokuthuthukisa lawa makhono, kodwa, maye, awavamile ukunakwa ngokwanele. Nokho, sinamathuba amaningi okuthola amakhono asebenzayo eqembu.
- Ukuxhumana okubhaliwe kwebhizinisi. Ngeshwa, iningi labafundi abaphothule enyuvesi abanalo ulwazi mayelana nemithetho yokuziphatha ngokubhalelana. Ukucaciswa kokuxhumana kwezithunywa ezisheshayo kusekushintshisaneni kwemiyalezo ubusuku nemini kanye nokusetshenziswa kwesitayela sengxoxo nesilulumagama esingakahleleki. Kodwa-ke, kuzokwazi ukuqeqesha inkulumo ebhaliwe lapho umfundi exhumana nomnyango kanye nenyuvesi.
Eqinisweni, abaphathi bavame ukubhekana nesidingo sokudiliza iphrojekthi enkulu ibe yimisebenzi emincane. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukuchaza ngokucacile umsebenzi ngamunye kanye nezingxenye zawo ukuze abathuthukisi abancane baqonde ukuthi yini edingekayo kubo. Umsebenzi ongachazwa kahle uvame ukuholela esidingweni sokwenza kabusha okuthile, yingakho isipiliyoni ekukhulumeni okubhaliwe kusiza abathweswe iziqu ukuthi basebenze emaqenjini asabalalisiwe.
- Isethulo esibhaliwe semiphumela yomsebenzi wakho. Ukuze bethule amaphrojekthi abo ezemfundo, abafundi abadala bangabhala okuthunyelwe ku-Habr, izindatshana zesayensi, kanye nemibiko nje. Maningi amathuba alokhu - umsebenzi wezifundo uqala ngonyaka wesibili kwamanye amanyuvesi. Ungasebenzisa futhi ama-eseyi njengendlela yokulawula - ngokuvamile asondelene ngendlela nendatshana yobuntatheli. Le ndlela isivele isetshenziswe eSikoleni Esiphakeme Somnotho Senyuvesi Kazwelonke.
Uma inkampani isebenzisa indlela eguquguqukayo ekuthuthukisweni, kufanele yethule imiphumela yomsebenzi wayo ngezingxenye ezincane, kodwa kaningi. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kubalulekile ukukwazi ukudlulisa kafushane imiphumela yomsebenzi wochwepheshe oyedwa noma iqembu lonke. Futhi, izinkampani eziningi namuhla zenza "izibuyekezo" - zonyaka noma isigamu sonyaka. Abasebenzi baxoxa ngemiphumela namathemba omsebenzi. Ukubuyekezwa okuphumelelayo kuyisizathu esiyinhloko sokukhula komsebenzi, amabhonasi, isibonelo, kuMicrosoft, Acronis noma Yandex. Yebo, ungakwazi ukuhlela kahle, kodwa "uhlezi ekhoneni" ngisho nochwepheshe opholile uzolahlekelwa njalo kumuntu owazi ukwethula impumelelo yakhe kahle.
- Ukubhala Kwezemfundo. Ukubhala kwezemfundo kufanele kukhulunywe ngokukhethekile. Kuwusizo kubafundi ukujwayelana nemithetho yokubhala imibhalo yesayensi, besebenzisa izimpikiswano, ukucinga ulwazi emithonjeni ehlukahlukene, kanye nokufometha izinkomba kule mithombo. Kutuswa ukwenza lokhu ngesiNgisi, njengoba kunemibhalo eminingi emihle emphakathini wezemfundo wamazwe omhlaba, futhi emikhakheni eyahlukene sekukhona izifanekiso esezimisiwe zokwethula imiphumela yesayensi. Yiqiniso, amakhono okubhala ezemfundo ayadingeka lapho ulungiselela izincwadi zolimi lwesiRashiya, kodwa kunezibonelo ezimbalwa kakhulu zezihloko ezinhle zesimanje zesiNgisi. Lawa makhono angatholwa ngesifundo esifanele, manje esifakwe ezinhlelweni eziningi zemfundo.
- Imihlangano eholayo. Abafundi abaningi abazi ukuthi bayilungiselela kanjani imihlangano, bathathe amaminithi, futhi bacubungule idatha. Kodwa uma sithuthukisa leli khono ekolishi, isibonelo, ngokubamba iqhaza emisebenzini yeqembu, singagwema ukuchitha isikhathi emsebenzini. Lokhu kudinga ukugadwa komsebenzi wephrojekthi wabafundi ukuze abafundise indlela yokuqhuba imihlangano ngempumelelo. Empeleni, lokhu kubiza inkampani ngayinye imali eningi - phela, uma abantu abambalwa abathola iholo elikhulu bechitha ihora lesikhathi sokusebenza embuthanweni, ufuna kube nembuyiselo ehambelana nayo.
- Ukukhuluma esidlangalaleni. Abafundi abaningi babhekene nesidingo sokukhuluma esidlangalaleni kuphela ngenkathi bevikela ithisisi yabo. Futhi akubona bonke abakulungele lokhu. Ngibone abafundi abaningi aba:
- yima ifulathele izethameli,
- enyakaza, ezama ukwethula ikhomishana emcabangweni,
- amapeni, amapensela kanye nezinkomba,
- ehamba emibuthanweni
- bheka phansi.
Lokhu kuvamile lapho umuntu enza okokuqala. Kodwa udinga ukuqala ukusebenza nalokhu kucindezeleka kusenesikhathi - ngokuvikela izifundo zakho endaweni enobungane, phakathi kofunda nabo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, umkhuba ojwayelekile ezinkampanini uwukunikeza isisebenzi ithuba lokuphakamisa umbono futhi sithole uxhaso, isikhundla, noma iphrojekthi ezinikele kuso. Kodwa, uma ucabanga ngakho, lokhu ukuvikela okufanayo kwezifundo, ezingeni eliphezulu nje. Kungani ungaziqeqesheli amakhono anjalo emisebenzi awusizo lapho ufunda?
Ngiphuthelwe yini?
Esinye sezizathu zokubhala lokhu okuthunyelwe kwakuyindatshana, . Umbhali walesi sihloko ugxile kuphela ekushiyekeni kwabafundi baseRussia okubonwa othisha bangaphandle. Umkhuba wokufundisa kwami emanyuvesi ahlukene uphakamisa ukuthi isikole saseRussia kanye nemfundo ephakeme inikeza isisekelo esihle. Abafundi baseRussia banolwazi ngezibalo kanye ne-algorithms, futhi kulula ukwakha ukuxhumana kochwepheshe nabo.
Endabeni yabafundi bangaphandle, ngokuphambene nalokho, okulindelwe uthisha waseRussia ngezinye izikhathi kungase kube phezulu kakhulu. Isibonelo, ezingeni lokuqeqeshwa okuyisisekelo, abafundi baseNdiya engahlangana nabo bafana nabafundi baseRussia ngokwezinga labo lezibalo. Kodwa-ke, kwesinye isikhathi abanalo ulwazi olukhethekile lapho bephothula izifundo zabo zeziqu. Abafundi abahle baseYurophu kungenzeka babe nesizinda sezibalo esiqinile kancane ezingeni lesikole.
Futhi uma ufunda noma usebenza enyuvesi, manje usungakwazi ukusebenza kumakhono okuxhumana (owakho noma owabafundi bakho), wandise isisekelo sakho esiyisisekelo kanye nezinhlelo zokuzijwayeza. Ngale njongo, uhlelo lwezemfundo lwaseRussia lunikeza wonke amathuba - udinga nje ukuwasebenzisa ngendlela efanele.
Ngizojabula uma kumazwana ekuthunyelwe wabelana ngezixhumanisi zakho ezifundweni nezindlela ezisiza ukulinganisa ibhalansi emfundweni, kanye nezinye izindlela zokuthuthukisa amakhono athambile ngenkathi ufunda enyuvesi.
Source: www.habr.com