В Ngaqala indaba nge-School 42, esidume ngohlelo lwaso lwezemfundo oluguquguqukayo: abekho othisha lapho, abafundi bahlola umsebenzi womunye nomunye, futhi asikho isidingo sokukhokhela isikole. Kulokhu okuthunyelwe ngizokutshela kabanzi mayelana nohlelo lokuqeqesha nokuthi yimiphi imisebenzi abafundi abayiqedayo.
Abekho othisha, kukhona i-inthanethi nabangane. Imfundo esikoleni isekelwe ezimisweni zomsebenzi wephrojekthi ohlanganyelwe - ukufunda kontanga kuya kontanga. Abafundi abazifundi izincwadi zokufunda, abanikezwa izinkulumo. Abahleli besikole bakholelwa ukuthi yonke into ingatholakala ku-inthanethi, ibuzwe kubangani noma kubafundi abanolwazi olunzulu owenza nabo umsebenzi othile.
Izabelo eziqediwe zihlolwa izikhathi ezi-3-4 ngabanye abafundi, ukuze wonke umuntu abe ngumfundi kanye nomeluleki. Awekho amamaki futhi - udinga nje ukuqedela umsebenzi ngendlela efanele futhi ngokuphelele. Noma ngabe kwenziwa ngo-90%, kuzothathwa njengesehluleki.
Azikho izilinganiso, kukhona amaphuzu. Ukuze uhambise iphrojekthi ukuze ibuyekezwe, kufanele ube nenani elithile lamaphuzu - amaphuzu okulungisa. Amaphuzu atholwa ngokubheka umsebenzi wasekhaya wabanye abafundi. Futhi lokhu kuyisici sokukhula esengeziwe - ngoba kufanele uqonde imisebenzi ehlukahlukene, kwesinye isikhathi idlule izinga lakho lolwazi.
“Eminye imiklamo iyisikhala sangempela, ishaya ingqondo yakho. Bese-ke, ukuze uthole iphuzu elilodwa nje lokuqondisa, kufanele ujuluke usuku lonke, uqonde ikhodi. Ngolunye usuku ngaba nenhlanhla futhi ngathola amaphuzu ama-4 ngosuku - lena inhlanhla eyivelakancane. ", kusho umngane wami, umfundi uSergei.
Ukuhlala ekhoneni ngeke kusebenze. Amaphrojekthi aqedwa ngamunye futhi ngababili, kanye namaqembu amakhulu. Ahlala evikelekile wona uqobo, futhi kubalulekile ukuthi wonke amalungu eqembu abambe iqhaza elibonakalayo, nokuthi wonke umuntu uyayiqonda ikhodi futhi agqugquzeleke kakhulu. Akwenzeki ukuthi uthule uhlale eceleni lapha. Ngakho, isikole sithuthukisa amakhono omsebenzi weqembu kanye nokuxhumana okuphumelelayo. Futhi ngaphandle kwalokho, bonke abafundi bayazana futhi baxhumane, okuwusizo kakhulu ekuxhumaneni kwenethiwekhi nemisebenzi yesikhathi esizayo.
I-Gamification. Njengakugeyimu yekhompiyutha, abafundi bakhuphula amaleveli futhi balandelele ukuqhubeka kwabo besebenzisa i-Holy Graph - imephu “engcwele” ebonisa ngokusobala yonke indlela abayidlulile kanye nendlela engaphambili. Njengaku-RPG, "isipiliyoni" sinikezwa amaphrojekthi, futhi ngemva kokuqongelela inani elithile, ukushintshela ezingeni elisha kwenziwa. Ukufana nomdlalo wangempela ukuthi izinga elisha ngalinye linzima kakhulu kunalelo elidlule, futhi miningi imisebenzi.
Ingilazi kanye no-Adm. Kunezigaba ezimbili eziyinhloko esikoleni - iBokal (ochwepheshe) kanye ne-Adm (yokuphatha). I-Bokal ibhekene nezindaba zobuchwepheshe kanye nengxenye yokufundisa, kuyilapho i-Adm ibhekana nezindaba zokuphatha nenhlangano. Indawo yabasebenzi bakwa-Bokala/Adm igcwaliswa ngabafundi ngokwabo, abaqeqeshelwa umsebenzi eSikoleni.
Kanjani futhi kufundiswani lapha
Konke kuqala ngo "S". Esikoleni basebenzisa i-Unix kuphela, becabangela iWindows njengeyona ndlela engcono kakhulu. Ikhodi ifundiswa kusukela kokuyisisekelo, okukuphoqa ukuthi uqonde umqondo wokuhlela. Amaleveli ambalwa okuqala awo wonke amaphrojekthi asetshenziswa kuphela ngezilimi ze-C no-C++, ama-IDE awasetshenziswa. Abafundi basebenzisa i-gcc compiler kanye ne-vim text editor.
“Kwezinye izifundo bazokunikeza ama-functions, bakucele ukuthi wenze umsebenzi othile, bese bechaza ukuthi ahlelwa kanjani. Lapha awukwazi ukusebenzisa umsebenzi uze uzibhalele wena. Ekuqaleni, emuva "echibini", angizange ngiqonde ukuthi kungani ngidinga le malloc, kungani ngidinga ukwaba inkumbulo ngokwami, kungani ngangingafundi iPython neJavascript. Bese kuthi kusenjalo kuvele kuwe, bese uqala ukuqonda ukuthi ikhompuyutha icabanga kanjani.”
Norminate. Ngemuva kokuvikelwa okuyimpumelelo, wonke amaphrojekthi alayishwa kokulingana kwendawo kwe-GitHub. Kodwa ngaphambi kwalokho, kufanele zihlolwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ikhodi iyahambisana nemithetho yesikole kusetshenziswa uhlelo lwe-Norminette.
“Uma ikhodi isebenza kahle, kepha kukhona ukuvuza kwenkumbulo, iphrojekthi ithathwa njengesehluleki. Baphinde bahlole i-syntax. Sinohlu lwemisebenzi enqatshelwe, izibaluli, amafulegi, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwawo kuthathwa njengokukopela. Kufanele wenze konke ngezandla zakho futhi ngokucophelela okukhulu.", kusho uSergei.
Izibonelo zemisebenzi
Yonke imisebenzi eyenziwa abafundi ihlolwa ngezindlela ezintathu: ngokohlelo, ngokohlu lokuhlola olwenziwa ngabanye abafundi nabamele i-Glass. Ngezansi kukhona amaphrojekthi wokuzenzela anohlu lokuhlola:
Init (Isistimu Nokuphathwa Kwenethiwekhi) - udinga ukufaka isistimu yokusebenza ye-Debian emshinini we-virtual futhi uyilungiselele ngokwezidingo ezishiwo emsebenzini.
I-Libft - sebenzisa imisebenzi ejwayelekile yomtapo wolwazi ngolimi C, njenge: strcmp, atoi, strlen, memcpy, strstr, toupper, tolower njll. Ayikho imitapo yolwazi evela eceleni, zenzele wena. Ubhala izihloko ngokwakho, uzisebenzise ngokwakho, uzidale ngokwakho Makefile, uzihlanganisela wena.
Printf - kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa ngokugcwele umsebenzi ojwayelekile printf nazo zonke izingxabano zayo ku-C. Kunzima impela kwabaqalayo.
Fillit - kwakudingeka ukuthi kuhlanganiswe isikwele sendawo encane ohlwini lwama-tetrominoes ahlinzekwe njengokufakwayo. Esinyathelweni esisha ngasinye, kwenezelwa i-tetromino entsha. Umsebenzi unzima yiqiniso lokuthi izibalo bekufanele zenziwe ngo-C futhi ngenani elincane lesikhathi.
I-Libls - sebenzisa inguqulo yakho yomyalo ls nawo wonke amafulegi ayo ajwayelekile. Ungakwazi futhi kufanele usebenzise ukuthuthukiswa kwezabelo zesikhathi esidlule.
odlula
Ngaphezu kwemisebenzi eyenziwa yedwa, kunesigaba esihlukile semisebenzi eyenziwa yiqembu labafundi - ukugijima. Ngokungafani namaphrojekthi azimele, ukujaha akubhekwa ngabafundi abasebenzisa uhlu lokuhlola, kodwa ngabasebenzi besikole abavela e-Bokal.
I-Pipex - uhlelo lwamukela amagama wamafayela kanye nemiyalo yegobolondo engafanele njengokufakwayo; umfundi kufanele abonise ikhono lokusebenza ngamapayipi ezingeni lesistimu futhi asebenzise ukusebenza okufana nokuziphatha okujwayelekile kwesistimu kutheminali.
I-Minitalk - sebenzisa uhlelo lokusebenza lweseva yeklayenti ku-C. Iseva kufanele ikwazi ukusekela umsebenzi ngamaklayenti amaningi futhi iphrinte imilayezo ethunyelwe iklayenti kusetshenziswa amasignali esistimu ye-SIGUSR1 kanye ne-SIGUSR2.
Frozen — bhala iseva ye-IRC ngesi-Golang ekwazi ukusebenza namaklayenti amaningana ngesikhathi esisodwa, isebenzisa ukuvumelanisa kanye nemikhuba. Iklayenti kumele likwazi ukungena lisebenzisa igama lokungena nephasiwedi. Iseva ye-IRC kufanele isekele iziteshi eziningi.
isiphetho
Noma ubani angabhalisa eSikoleni sama-42, futhi awudingi ulwazi olukhethekile ukwenza kanjalo. Naphezu kokuthi uhlelo lwenzelwe abaqalayo, imisebenzi elula ishintshwa ngokushesha ngezinkinga ezingezona ezincane, ngokuvamile ngokwakhiwa okungacacile. Umfundi kudingeka abe nokuzinikela okukhulu, ikhono lokusesha ulwazi olulahlekile emibhalweni esemthethweni yesiNgisi, kanye nokuhlangana nabanye abafundi ukuze baqedele imisebenzi ezokwenziwa. Uhlelo lokuqeqesha alunakho ukulandelana okuqinile, ngakho-ke wonke umuntu ukhetha indlela yakhe yokuthuthuka. Ukungabi bikho kwezilinganiso ezifika ekugcineni kukuvumela ukuthi ugxile ekuthuthukeni kwakho nasekuthuthukeni, kunokuba uziqhathanise nabanye.
Source: www.habr.com