Ngo-Agasti 3 eMoscow, phakathi kuka-12: 00 no-14: 30, inethiwekhi ye-Rostelecom AS12389 yabhekana nokunciphisa okuncane kodwa okuphawulekayo. I-NetBlocks okwenzeka kwaba “ukuvalwa kombuso” kokuqala emlandweni waseMoscow. Leli gama lisho ukuvala shaqa noma ukuvinjelwa ukufinyelela ku-inthanethi yiziphathimandla.
Okwenzeka eMoscow ngokokuqala ngqá kuye kwaba umkhuba womhlaba wonke iminyaka eminingana manje. Eminyakeni emithathu edlule, kube nokuvalwa kwe-inthanethi okuhlosiwe okungu-377 yiziphathimandla emhlabeni jikelele, ngokusho kombiko .
Amazwe aya ngokuya esebenzisa imikhawulo ekufinyeleleni ku-inthanethi, kokubili njengethuluzi lokuhlola futhi njengethuluzi lokulwa nemisebenzi engekho emthethweni.
Kodwa umbuzo uwukuthi, lisebenza kangakanani leli thuluzi? Ukusetshenziswa kwayo kuholela emiphi imiphumela? Muva nje, kuye kwavela izifundo ezimbalwa ezisikhanyisela ngalolu daba.
Kunezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko zokukhubaza i-inthanethi, ezisetshenziswa kakhulu:
Okokuqala ukuphazamiseka kwayo yonke inethiwekhi, kanje .
Okwesibili ukuvimbela ukufinyelela kumawebhusayithi athile (isibonelo, izinkundla zokuxhumana) noma izithunywa ezisheshayo,” njengalokhu .
Isiqephu sokuqala esikhulu sokucinywa kwe-inthanethi emhlabeni senzeka ngo-2011, lapho uhulumeni waseGibhithe wavala i-inthanethi namanethiwekhi omakhalekhukhwini izinsuku ezinhlanu ngesikhathi "".
Kepha kwaze kwaba ngo-2016 lapho abanye ohulumeni base-Afrika baqala ukusebenzisa ukuvalwa okujwayelekile. Icala lokuqala lokucinywa kukagesi ladlalwa yiRiphabhulikhi yaseCongo, eyavala zonke izingcingo isonto lonke ngesikhathi sokhetho lukamongameli.
Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi ukuvala umlomo akukona njalo ukucwaninga kwezepolitiki. ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwesikole ukuvimbela ukuvuza kwemibuzo yokuhlolwa. EBrazil I-WhatsApp ngo-2015 nango-2016 ngemva kokuba i-Facebook Inc (ephethe i-WhatsApp) yehlulekile ukuthobela izicelo zenkantolo zedatha njengengxenye yophenyo lobugebengu.
Ukwengeza, kuyiqiniso impela ukuthi inkulumo enenzondo nezindaba ezingamanga zingasabalala ngokushesha ezinkundleni zokuxhumana kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza zemiyalezo. Enye yezindlela iziphathimandla ezizisebenzisayo ukuvimbela ukusatshalaliswa kolwazi olunjalo ukukhawulela ukufinyelela kunethiwekhi.
Ngonyaka odlule, isibonelo, ukugeleza Kuqubuke amahlebezi asakazwa ku-WhatsApp, nokwaholela ekubulaweni kwabantu abangu-46.
Nokho, eqenjini lamalungelo edijithali bakholelwa ukuthi ukusatshalaliswa kolwazi olungamanga kuvame ukusebenza njengesembozo sokuvalwa kwesikhashana. Ngokwesibonelo, Ukuvalwa kwe-inthanethi eSyria kubonise ukuthi kuvame ukuhambisana namazinga aphezulu kakhulu odlame olwenziwa amabutho kahulumeni.
Izizathu ezisemthethweni ze-VS zangempela zokuvalwa kwe-inthanethi ngo-2018 ngokusho kwedatha .
I-geography yokunqamuka
In 2018 Ngonyaka kuqoshwe ukuphela kwe-inthanethi okungu-196 emhlabeni jikelele. Njengaseminyakeni eyedlule, iningi lokunqamuka kwezinto bekuseNdiya, ama-67% akho konke okubikiwe emhlabeni.
Ama-33% asele emazweni ahlukene: Algeria, Bangladesh, Cameroon, Chad, Ivory Coast, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Indonesia, Iraq, Kazakhstan, Mali, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Pakistan, Philippines naseRussia.
Umthelela wokucisha
yashicilelwa ngoFebhuwari 2019, umbhali wayo u-Jan Rydzak waseStanford University usecwaninga ngokuvalwa kwe-inthanethi kanye nemiphumela yako cishe iminyaka emi-5.
U-Jan Rydzak wafunda i-India, eyayinokuvalwa kwe-inthanethi okuningi kunanoma iyiphi enye indawo emhlabeni. Izizathu zabaningi babo azizange zichazwe, kodwa lezo ezaziqashelwa ngokusemthethweni zazivame ukuchazwa isidingo sokucindezela izenzo ezihlukahlukene ezinobudlova.
Sekukonke, uRydzak uhlaziye imibhikisho engu-22 e-India phakathi kuka-891 no-2016. Ucwaningo lwakhe lubonisa ukuthi kokubili imikhawulo ye-inthanethi neyenkundla yezokuxhumana ayibonakali inciphisa amazinga okukhuphuka.
Ezimeni lapho imibhikisho ibandakanya udlame, uthole ukuthi ukuvalwa kwe-inthanethi kujwayele ukuhlotshaniswa nokwanda. Usuku ngalunye olulandelayo ngemva kokuvalwa kwe-inthanethi kubangele udlame olwengeziwe kunangesikhathi umbhikisho wenzeka ngokungena kwe-inthanethi njalo.
Ngaleso sikhathi, ngesikhathi sokuvalwa kwe-inthanethi, imibhikisho enokuthula, okungenzeka ukuthi incike kakhulu ekusebenzisaneni ngokucophelela kuzo zonke iziteshi zedijithali, ayizange ibonise umthelela obalulekile wezibalo wokuvalwa.
Ukwengeza, okutholakele kusikisela ukuthi kwezinye izimo, ukuvalwa kwenethiwekhi kuholele ekuthatheni esikhundleni samaqhinga angenalo udlame nalawo anodlame, abonakala engancikile kangako ekuxhumaneni okusebenzayo nasekuxhumaneni.
Inani lokucisha
Nakuba ukuvala ukufinyelela ku-inthanethi kuba yisinyathelo esithandwa kakhulu kohulumeni abaningi, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi akukona ukugibela mahhala.
emazweni angu-19 kusukela ngoJulayi 2015 kuya kuJuni 2016, iDarrell West ye-Brookings Institution ithole ukuthi ukulahlekelwa okuphelele kwe-GDP kulinganiselwa ku-$ 2,4 billion.
Uhlu lwamazwe alahlekelwe kakhulu ngenxa yokuvalwa kwe-inthanethi.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi i-Darrell West ibheke kuphela umthelela wezomnotho wokunqamuka komgwaqo . Ayizange ilinganisele izindleko zemali engenayo yentela elahlekile, umthelela ekukhiqizeni noma ukulahlekelwa ukuzethemba komtshali-zimali ngenxa yokuvalwa komsebenzi.
Ngakho-ke, inani lamaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-2,4 liwukulinganisa okuvamile okungenzeka kwehlisa umonakalo wangempela wezomnotho.
isiphetho
Indaba idinga ukufundwa okwengeziwe. Isibonelo, impendulo yombuzo wokuthi ukucutshungulwa kokuvalwa kwe-India kungavezwa kangakanani kunoma yimaphi amanye amazwe, ukusho okuncane, akubonakali.
Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, kubonakala sengathi ukuvala i-inthanethi kuyithuluzi elingasebenzi kahle elinezindleko eziphezulu zokusetshenziswa. Ukusetshenziswa okungaholela emiphumeleni emibi.
Futhi mhlawumbe nezinye izingozi, isibonelo, imikhawulo yezinhlangano zamazwe ngamazwe noma izinkantolo, ukuwohloka kwesimo sokutshala izimali. Amathuba okuba khona kwawo awakahlolisiswa.
Futhi uma kunjalo, kungani pho?
Source: www.habr.com