Indaba yenhlekelele encane kanye nokunqoba okukhulu kukanjiniyela omuhle kakhulu odinga usizo
E-Far Eastern Federal University kunesikhungo semisebenzi yephrojekthi - kukhona amakhosi kanye nama-bachelors bathola amaphrojekthi wobunjiniyela asenamakhasimende, imali namathemba. Izifundo kanye nezifundo ezijulile nazo zibanjelwa lapho. Ochwepheshe abanolwazi bakhuluma ngezinto zesimanje nezisetshenziswayo.
Esinye sezifundo ezijulile sanikezelwa ekusebenziseni uhlelo lwe-Docker lokuhlanganisa amakhompiyutha asabalalisiwe kanye ne-orchestration. Bekuhanjelwe omasters nabafundi abathweswe iziqu zezibalo ezifakiwe, ubunjiniyela, ukulungiswa kwesoftware nezinye izindawo zobuchwepheshe.
Uthisha ubeyinsizwa enezibuko ezimnyama, inwele esemfashinini, isikhafu, enobudlelwano nabantu futhi izethemba kakhulu - ikakhulukazi kumfundi owenza unyaka wesibili oneminyaka engu-21. Igama lakhe Evgeny Nekrasov, wangena FEFU eminyakeni emibili nje edlule.
Wunderkind
“Yebo, bebekhulile futhi benezimo eziningi, kodwa ngeke ngisho ukuthi bebenolwazi olunzulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngezinye izikhathi nganginikeza izingane engangifunda nazo izinkulumo zikathisha wethu. Ngesinye isikhathi, sabona ukuthi wayengeke akwazi ukunginika lutho nge-Object Oriented Programming, ngakho-ke ngezikhathi ezithile ngangimfundisa nge-OOP, intuthuko yesimanje, i-GitHub, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezinhlelo zokulawula inguqulo.”
U-Evgeniy angabhala ku-Scala, Clojure, Java, JavaScript, Python, Haskell, TypeScript, PHP, Rust, C++, C kanye ne-Assembler. “Ngiyazi kangcono iJavaScript, okunye kuyizinga noma amabili aphansi. Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngingakwazi ukuhlela isilawuli ku-Rust noma ku-C++ ngehora. Angizifundanga ngamabomu lezi zilimi. Ngazifundela imisebenzi engangiyabelwe. Ngingakwazi ukujoyina noma iyiphi iphrojekthi ngokufunda imibhalo namamanuwali. Ngiyawazi ama-syntaxes wezilimi, nokuthi iyiphi engizoyisebenzisa ayinandaba. Kuyafana ngezinhlaka nemitapo yolwazi - vele ufunde imibhalo futhi ngiyaqonda ukuthi isebenza kanjani. Konke kunqunywa ngendawo yesifundo nomsebenzi.”
U-Evgeniy ubelokhu efunda ngokujulile uhlelo kusukela ngo-2013. Uthisha wesikole samabanga aphezulu wesayensi yamakhompiyutha owayengaboni ngokuphelele wamenza waba nesithakazelo kusayensi yekhompyutha. Indlela yaqala ngewebhu - HTML, JavaScript, PHP.
"Ngifisa ukwazi. Angilali kakhulu - ngihlala ngimatasa ngokuthile, ngifunda okuthile, ngitadisha okuthile."
Ngo-2015, u-Evgeniy wafaka isicelo sokuncintisana "Umnik" ukusekela amaphrojekthi obuchwepheshe ososayensi abasha abangaphezu kweminyaka eyishumi nesishiyagalombili. Kodwa wayengekho eyishumi nesishiyagalombili, ngakho wehluleka ukuwina umncintiswano - kodwa u-Evgeniy wabonwa ngumphakathi wendawo yonjiniyela. Wahlangana no-Sergei Milekhin, ngaleso sikhathi owayehlela izingqungquthela e-Vladivostok njengengxenye ye-Google Developer Fest. “Wangimemela khona, ngafika ngalalela, ngakuthanda. Ngonyaka olandelayo ngaphinde ngafika, ngajwayelana nabantu ngokwengeziwe, ngaxhumana nabo.”
U-Andrey Sitnik ovela emphakathini we-VLDC waqala ukusiza u-Evgeniy ngamaphrojekthi akhe ewebhu. “Bengidinga ukwakha i-web socket application enezintambo eziningi. Ngacabanga isikhathi eside kakhulu mayelana nendlela yokwenza lokhu ku-PHP, futhi ngaphendukela ku-Andrey. Wangitshela, “thatha i-node.js, npm amaphakheji aku-inthanethi, futhi ungaphuli ikhanda lakho. Futhi ngokujwayelekile, ukuhambisa umthombo ovulekile kuhle. ” Ngakho ngathuthukisa isiNgisi sami, ngaqala ukufunda imibhalo futhi ngathumela amaphrojekthi ku-GitHub. ”
Ngo-2018, u-Evgeniy usevele wenze izethulo ku-Google Dev Fest, ekhuluma ngentuthuko emkhakheni wezindawo ezifinyeleleka kalula, izitho zokufakelwa ezingaphezulu, ukuthuthukiswa kwe-neural interfaces kanye nezinhlelo zokulawula ukufinyelela ngaphandle kokuthinta. Manje u-Evgeniy usenyaka wakhe wesibili we-bachelor degree ku-Software Engineering, kodwa useyiqedile ngempumelelo futhi uqedela umsebenzi wakhe wokugcina.
“Ngatshelwa ukuthi ngisebenzise ukwakheka kwedatha kuthebula le-hash. Lena into ejwayelekile enikezwa wonke umuntu enyuvesi. Ngagcina nginemigqa eyizinkulungwane eziyi-12 yekhodi kanye nenqwaba yezinduku,” kusho u-Evgeniy ehleka, “Ngakhe itafula le-hashi kanye nesakhiwo salo esilungisiwe ku-JavaScript ukuze ngifunde idatha ngokushesha. Futhi uthisha uthi: “Ngidinga ukuba ubhale lokho okulula kimina ukuze ngikwazi ukukuhlola.” Bekucasula kakhulu."
Amaphrojekthi womuntu siqu ka-Evgeniy abukeka ethakazelisa kakhulu. Esokuqala salokhu ukuthuthukiswa kwamazinga ewebhu kubantu abakhubazekile ngokomzimba. Ufuna ukwenza insiza ehlinzeka ngobuchwepheshe obusizayo ngaphandle kwebhokisi ukuze abantu abakhubazekile bayisebenzise kalula ngaphandle kokukhathazeka ngokuphuthelwa olunye ulwazi. U-Evgeniy uyazi kahle le nkinga, ngoba yena ngokwakhe walahlekelwa ukubona.
Ukulimala
“Ngangiwumuntu osemusha ovamile, wonke amalungu ami ami endaweni yawo. Ngo-2012, ngaziqhumisa. Ngaphuma ngihamba nomngane wami, ngathatha isilinda emgwaqeni, futhi saqhuma ezandleni zami. Isandla sami sokudla sasinqanyuliwe, isandla sami sobunxele sasikhubazekile, ngangingaboni kahle futhi ngingezwa kahle. Izinyanga eziyisithupha ngivele ngilale ematafuleni okuhlinza.
Isandla sobunxele sasihlanganiswe izingxenye, amapuleti nezinaliti zokuluka zafakwa. Ngemva kwezinyanga ezinhlanu ngakwazi ukumsebenzela.
Ngemva kokulimala, angibange ngisabona lutho. Kodwa odokotela bakwazile ukubuyisela umbono wokukhanya. Kwakungasekho lutho lweso lami ngaphandle kwegobolondo. Konke okungaphakathi kwashintshwa - imizimba ye-vitreous, ama-lens. Konke kungenzeka."
Ngo-2013, uZhenya waya esikoleni sokuqondisa izigwegwe sezingane ezinokukhubazeka okubukwayo. Lowo thisha wesayensi yamakhompiyutha, owayengaboni nhlobo, wamfundisa indlela yokusebenzisa ikhompiyutha futhi. Ngale njongo, kusetshenziswa izinhlelo ezikhethekile - izifundi zesikrini. Bafinyelela kuma-API wesistimu yokusebenza ukuze bathole ukufinyelela kusixhumi esibonakalayo futhi bashintshe kancane indlela alawulwa ngayo.
U-Zhenya uzibiza ngokuthi ungumsebenzisi we-Linux oshisekayo; usebenzisa i-Debian. Esebenzisa ikhibhodi, uzulazula ezintweni ezisebenzisanayo, futhi i-synthesizer yenkulumo izwakalisa okwenzekayo.
“Manje uzozwa nje isikhala,” esho kimi ngaphambi kokuvula uhlelo.
Kuzwakala njengekhodi noma ingxoxo ye-alien, kodwa empeleni i-Russian evamile noma isiNgisi, ukuthi i-synthesizer ikhuluma ngesivinini esimangalisayo sendlebe engaqeqeshiwe.
“Akuzange kube nzima ukufunda lokhu. Ekuqaleni ngasebenza ku-Windows futhi ngasebenzisa i-Jaws yesifundi sesikrini. Ngayisebenzisa futhi ngacabanga, “Nkosi, ungasebenza kanjani ngesivinini esingaka.” Ngasondela ngabona ukuthi izindlebe zigoqene zaba ishubhu. Ngayibuyisela futhi kancane kancane ngaqala ukuyikhulisa ngamaphesenti angu-5-10 masonto onke. Ngisheshise i-synthesizer kumagama ayikhulu, ngisho nangaphezulu, futhi futhi futhi. Manje usekhuluma amagama ayinkulungwane ngomzuzu.”
U-Zhenya ubhala kumhleli wombhalo ojwayelekile - Gedit noma uNano. Ikopisha imithombo evela ku-Github, ivula isifundi sesikrini futhi ilalele ikhodi. Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ifundeka kalula futhi iqondwe abanye onjiniyela, isebenzisa ama-linters nokucupha kuyo yonke indawo. Kodwa uZhenya akakwazi ukusebenzisa izindawo zokuthuthukisa ngoba azifinyeleleki kwabayizimpumputhe ngenxa yokuqaliswa kwazo.
“Zenziwe ngendlela yokuthi iwindi lazo linqunywe wuhlelo, futhi yonke into engaphakathi efasiteleni ayibonwa yisifundi sesikrini ngoba asikwazi ukungena kuyo. Manje ngithinte i-JetBrains ngokuqondile ukuze ngizame ukwenza ama-patches ezindaweni zabo. Bangithumelele imithombo ye-PyCharm. I-IDE isetshenziswa ku-Intellij Idea, ngakho-ke zonke izinguquko zingasetshenziswa lapho nalaphaya.
Esinye isithiyo ukuntula ukunamathela ezindinganisweni ezijwayelekile zewebhu. Isibonelo, sibona isihloko esikhulu ekhasini. Onjiniyela abaningi basebenzisa lokhu besebenzisa ithegi ye-span ukuze baqinise ifonti kusayizi oyifunayo, futhi igcina ibukeka kahle. Kodwa njengoba umbhalo ungesona isihloko sesistimu, isifundi sesikrini asiboni njengento yemenyu futhi asikuvumeli ukusebenzisana.
UZhenya usebenzisa kalula inguqulo yeselula ye-VKontakte, kodwa ugwema i-Facebook: “I-VK ingilungele ngoba inohlu oluhlukile lwamamenyu okuzulazula. Inezici kanye nezihloko ukuthi kimina ukuhlukaniswa kwe-semantic kwekhasi. Isibonelo, isihloko sezinga lokuqala lapho kuboniswa khona isiteketiso sami - ngiyazi ukuthi lesi yisihloko sekhasi. Ngiyazi ukuthi unhlokweni "wemilayezo" uhlukanisa ikhasi, futhi ngezansi kukhona uhlu lwezingxoxo.
I-Facebook ikhuthaza ukufinyeleleka, kodwa empeleni konke kubi kangangokuthi akunakwenzeka ukuqonda noma yini. Ngiyayivula - futhi uhlelo luqala ukuba yiqhwa, ikhasi lihamba kancane kakhulu, yonke into igxuma ngami. Kukhona zonke izinkinobho yonke indawo, futhi ngithanda, "Ngisebenza kanjani nalokhu?!" Ngizoyisebenzisa kuphela uma ngiqeda iklayenti lami noma ngixhuma umuntu wesithathu.”
Ucwaningo
U-Zhenya uhlala e-Vladivostok endaweni yokulala eyunivesithi evamile. Kukhona igumbi lokugezela ekamelweni, amawodilophu amabili, imibhede emibili, amatafula amabili, amashalofu amabili, isiqandisi. Awekho amagajethi akhethekile, kodwa ngokusho kwakhe, awadingeki. “Ukonakala kombono akusho ukuthi ngeke ngikwazi ukuhamba noma ngeke ngiyithole indlela. Kodwa ngangikwazi futhi ngingazihlomisa ngenjabulo ngekhaya elihlakaniphile uma nginezinto ezisetshenziswayo. Anginayo nje imali yokuthenga izingxenye. Ukuthi umfundi asebenzise izinkulungwane ezinhlanu ekhokha imali ukuze nje amxoshe akusizi ngalutho.”
UZhenya uhlala nentombazane, usiza ngezindlela eziningi endlini: “sakaza amasemishi, uthele itiye, uwashe. Ngakho-ke, ngaba nesikhathi esengeziwe sokuphumula nokwenza izinto engizithandayo.”
Ngokwesibonelo, uZhenya uneqembu lomculo lapho edlala khona isiginci sikagesi. Naye wafunda ngemuva kokulimala. Ngo-2016, wahlala izinyanga ezintathu esikhungweni sokuhlunyeleliswa kwezimilo, lapho acela uthisha ukuba amsize ngesiginci sakhe. Ngaqale ngadlala ngomthungo wehembe ngaphumela ngaphandle. Ngabe sengizakhela umlamuli.
“Ngathatha ibhandishi engiqinisa isandla ngalo, elisetshenziswa njenge-karateka, ngisike ngisivule ezindaweni ezihlukanisa iminwe ngisidonsele emqaleni. Kukhona i-foam pad lapho evikela ibhulashi emonakalweni - kulo ngithunge ipiki umfowethu enginqumele yona ngespatula sepulasitiki. Kuvele kube wulimi olude lwepulasitiki engiludlalisa ezintanjeni - ukuhluthula nokushaya.”
Ukuqhuma kukhiphe izinsimbi zakhe zendlebe, ngakho u-Zhenya akakwazi ukuzwa amaza aphansi. Isiginci sakhe asinayo intambo yesithupha (ephansi), kanti eyesihlanu ishunwa ngendlela ehlukile. Udlala izingxenye eziningi eyedwa.
Kodwa imisebenzi esemqoka ihlala intuthuko kanye nocwaningo.
Isandla sokufakelwa
Enye yamaphrojekthi ukwakhiwa kwe-prosthesis yesitho esingenhla enohlelo lokulawula oluhlakaniphile. Ngo-2016, uZhenya weza kumuntu owayethuthukisa i-prosthesis futhi waqala ukumsiza ngokuhlolwa. Ngo-2017, babambe iqhaza ku-Neurostart hackathon. Eqenjini labantu abathathu, uZhenya uhlele izilawuli ezisezingeni eliphansi. Abanye ababili bazakhele amamodeli ngokwawo futhi bafundisa amanethiwekhi we-neural wesistimu yokulawula.Manje uZhenya usethathe yonke ingxenye yesoftware yephrojekthi. Isebenzisa i-Myo Armband ukuze ifunde amandla emisipha, yakha imaski ngokusekelwe kubo, futhi isebenzisa amamodeli enethiwekhi ye-neural phezulu ukuze ibone ukuthinta—yilokhu isistimu yokulawula eyakhelwe phezu kwayo.
“Isongo sinezinzwa eziyisishiyagalombili. Badlulisela izinguquko ezingaba khona kunoma iyiphi idivayisi yokufaka. Ngakhipha i-SDK yabo ngezandla zami, ngahlanganisa yonke into edingekayo, futhi ngabhala eyami i-lib kuPython ukuze ngifunde idatha. Yebo, ayikho idatha eyanele. Noma ngingafaka izinzwa eziyibhiliyoni esikhumbeni sami, ngeke kwanele. Isikhumba sihamba phezu kwezicubu bese imininingwane iyaxubana.”
Esikhathini esizayo, uZhenya uhlela ukufaka izinzwa eziningana ngaphansi kwesikhumba nemisipha. Ubezozama manje - kodwa imisebenzi enjalo inqatshelwe eRussia. Uma udokotela ohlinzayo efaka imishini engaqinisekisiwe ngaphansi kwesikhumba somuntu, uzolahlekelwa idiploma yakhe. Nokho, uZhenya wathungela inzwa eyodwa esandleni sakhe - ithegi ye-RFID, njengakukhiye we-electronic, ukuvula i-intercom noma yimuphi ukhiye lapho ukhiye uzoxhunywa khona.
Iso lokwenziwa
Ekanye no-Bogdan Shcheglov, isazi samakhemikhali ezinto eziphilayo kanye ne-biophysicist, u-Zhenya usebenza nge-prototype yeso lokwenziwa. U-Bogdan wenza imodeli ye-3D ye-eyeball futhi uxhuma wonke ama-microcircuits ngemodeli enezinhlangothi ezintathu nge-optic nerve, u-Zhenya wakha imodeli yezibalo.
“Sifunde inqwaba yezincwadi zama-analogue akhona, ubuchwepheshe obabukhona emakethe futhi obukhona manje, sabona ukuthi ukuqashelwa kwezithombe akubalulekile. Kodwa sifunde ukuthi i-matrix yayidalwe ngaphambilini yokuqopha ama-photon namandla awo. Sinqume ukuthuthukisa i-matrix efanayo ngosayizi oncishisiwe, ozokwazi ukubhalisa okungenani isethi encane yama-photons nokwakha i-pulse kagesi ngesisekelo sawo. Ngale ndlela sisusa ungqimba olumaphakathi lwesithombe esicacile nokuqashelwa kwaso - sivele sisebenze ngqo.”
Umphumela uzoba umbono ongekho ngomqondo wakudala. Kodwa njengoba uZhenya esho, ingxenye esele ye-optic nerve kufanele ibone ukunikezwa kwamandla kagesi ngendlela efanayo naleyo evela esweni langempela. Ngo-2018, baxoxisane ngephrojekthi nomphathi weMarine Technical University, uGleb Turishchin, kanye nomeluleki weSkolkovo u-Olga Velichko. Bakuqinisekisile ukuthi le nkinga ingaxazululwa kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe obuvele bukhona emhlabeni.
“Kodwa lo msebenzi unzima kakhulu kunokwenza i-prosthetics. Asikwazi ngisho nokuhlola amaxoxo ukuze sihlole ukuthi i-retina iwenza kanjani ama-impulse, ukuthi incike kanjani ekukhanyeni okuhlukile, okuyisizinda esikhiqiza okuningi, okuncane. Sidinga uxhaso oluzosivumela ukuthi siqashe ilabhorethri futhi siqashe abantu abazobhidliza imisebenzi futhi banciphise nezinsuku zokugcina. Kanye nezindleko zazo zonke izinto ezidingekayo. Njengomthetho, konke kuncike emalini. "
I-Bureaucracy
U-Bogdan noZhenya bafaka isicelo ku-Skolkovo ukuze bathole uxhaso kodwa banqatshwa - yimikhiqizo eqediwe kuphela enamandla okuhweba eya lapho, hhayi amaphrojekthi ocwaningo asafufusa.
Naphezu kwakho konke okuvela endabeni kaZhenya, naphezu kwamakhono akhe nempumelelo ekhuthazayo, umuntu uyamangala ngenhlanhla engavamile ye-bureaucratic. Kuyacasula ikakhulukazi ukuzwa ngalokhu ngemuva kwezindaba. Nanku omunye “umkhiqizo odingwa abantu” (uhlelo lokusebenza lwesithombe, ukuthuthukiswa kokukhangisa noma izinhlobo ezintsha zezingxoxo) othola izigidi zawo zamadola emalini engenayo nasekutshaleni. Kodwa umshisekeli ongaziwa akazi ukuthi enzeni ngemibono yakhe.
Kulo nyaka uZhenya uwine isifundo samahhala sezinyanga eziyisithupha e-Austria ngaphansi kohlelo lokusebenzisana phakathi kwamanyuvesi - kodwa akakwazi ukuya lapho. Ukuqinisekisa i-visa, kudingeka iziqinisekiso zokuthi unemali yendlu nempilo e-Salzburg.
"Ukufaka isicelo sezimali akuzange kube nemiphumela, ngoba uxhaso luhlinzekwa kuphela ngezinhlelo zediploma ezigcwele," kusho uZhenya, "Ukufaka isicelo eNyuvesi yaseSalzburg ngokwayo akuzange kube - inyuvesi ayinazo izindawo zayo zokulala futhi ayikwazi ukusisiza ngendawo yokuhlala.
Ngabhalela izikhwama eziyishumi, futhi ezintathu noma ezine kuphela ezangiphendula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, baphendula ngokuthi iziqu zami zesayensi azihambisani nabo - badinga ochwepheshe nangaphezulu. Izimpumelelo zami zesayensi ezifundweni ze-undergraduate azaziswa yizo. Uma ufunda enyuvesi yangakini, uneziqu ze-bachelor futhi wenza ucwaningo lobuchwepheshe, ungafaka isicelo ngaphakathi kwenyuvesi. Kodwa kumuntu ovela phesheya, ngeshwa, abanalo lokhu.
Ngithinte cishe inani elifanayo lezimali zaseRussia. E-Skolkovo bangitshela: uxolo, kodwa sisebenza kuphela namakhosi. Ezinye izisekelo zingitshele ukuthi azinayo imali yezinyanga eziyisithupha, noma zisebenza kuphela ngezinhlelo zamadiploma, noma azinikezi abantu ngabanye ngezimali. Futhi izisekelo zeProkhorov nePotanin azizange zingiphendule.
Ngithole incwadi evela kwa-Yandex yokuthi bamatasatasa ekusizeni abantulayo futhi inkampani okwamanje ayinayo imali, kodwa bangifisela konke okuhle.
Ngaze ngavuma uxhaso lwenkontileka, olwaluzongivumela ukuthi ngiyofunda, ngenxa yalokho ngizoletha okuthile enkampanini. Kodwa konke kuma ezingeni eliphansi lokuxhumana. Ngiyaqonda ukuthi lokhu kumayelana nani. Abantu abasebenza ngezingcingo nangeposi bamane basebenze ngokwemibhalo. Bayabona ukuthi isicelo sesifikile, kungase kube kuhle. Kodwa bazobhala: uxolo, cha, ngoba kungenzeka ukuthi isikhathi sokufaka isicelo sesiphelile noma awufaneleki ngokwesimo sakho. Kodwa anginalo ithuba lokufinyelela endaweni ephakeme kunabanikazi besikhwama, anginabo oxhumana nabo abanjalo.”
Kodwa okuthunyelwe ngenkinga kaZhenya kwaqala ukusabalala ngokushesha kuzo zonke izinkundla zokuxhumana. Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa zokuqala, saqoqa cishe ama-ruble angu-50 - kuma-euro ayi-000 adingekayo. Asikho isikhathi esiningi sokuzilungiselela, kodwa abantu abaningi sebevele bebhalela uZhenya mayelana nokusekelwa. Mhlawumbe konke kuzolunga.
Ngingajabula ukuqeda lo mbhalo omude ekubuyeni kweqhawe elivela e-Austria ngesipiliyoni esisha nesinamandla. Noma ukuthola isibonelelo kwelinye lamaphrojekthi, kanye nesithombe esivela kulabhorethri entsha. Kodwa umbhalo wama ekamelweni lokulala, lapho kukhona amakhabethe amabili, imibhede emibili, amatafula amabili, amashalofu amabili, nesiqandisi.
Kimina kubonakala sengathi imiphakathi emikhulu yobungcweti iyadingeka ukuze sisizane. UmkaNekrasov udinga imali, othintana nabo abawusizo, imibono, iseluleko, noma yini. Masiphakamise i-karma yethu.
Oxhumana nabo bakaZhenya nezinye izibalo ezibalulekilee-mail: [i-imeyili ivikelwe]
Телефон: +7-914-968-93-21
I-Telegraph ne-WhatsApp: +7-999-057-85-48
github:
vk.com: vk.com/ravino_doul
Imininingwane yokudlulisa izimali:
Inombolo yekhadi: 4276 5000 3572 4382 noma inombolo yocingo +7-914-968-93-21
Isikhwama se-Yandex ngenombolo yocingo +7-914-968-93-21
Ikheli: Nekrasov Evgeniy
Source: www.habr.com