Iphupho lawo wonke umuntu ukuhlala emusha isikhathi eside ngangokunokwenzeka. Asifuni ukuguga nokugula, sesaba yonke into - umdlavuza, isifo i-Alzheimer's, isifo senhliziyo, isifo sohlangothi... Yisikhathi sokuthola ukuthi umdlavuza uvelaphi, ingabe kukhona ukuhlobana phakathi kokwehluleka kwenhliziyo nesifo i-Alzheimer's. isifo, ukungazali kanye nokungezwa. Kungani izithasiselo ze-antioxidant ngezinye izikhathi zenza umonakalo omkhulu kunokuhle? Futhi okubaluleke kakhulu: singaphila isikhathi eside futhi ngaphandle kwezifo, futhi uma kunjalo, kanjani?
Imizimba yethu iqukethe “iziteshi zamandla” ezincane ezibizwa nge-mitochondria. Yibo abanomthwalo wemfanelo ngempilo nenhlalakahle yethu. Uma zisebenza kahle, asisweli amandla. Futhi uma kukubi, siphathwa izifo. UDkt. Lee Know wembula imfihlo: izifo ezibonakala zingahlobene ekuqaleni: isifo sikashukela, umdlavuza, i-schizophrenia, ukukhathala okungapheli, isifo sikaParkinson nezinye - zinesimo esifanayo.
Namuhla siyazi ukuthi singathuthukisa kanjani ukusebenza kwe-mitochondria, ehlinzeka umzimba ngo-90% wamandla. Le ncwadi izokunikeza ulwazi lwakamuva mayelana nokudla, indlela yokuphila, ukudla kwe-ketogenic, kanye nezithako ezizobuyisela i-mitochondria enempilo, ngakho-ke nathi.
Ingcaphuno. I-Mitochondrial syndrome
Nginamahloni ukukuvuma lokhu, kodwa bengiwumbukeli wohlelo lwangempela oluthi “The Bachelor.” Ngahlabeka umxhwele kakhulu ngesiqephu sesithathu seSizini 17 (Januwari 2013), lapho u-Sin (i-Bachelor) no-Ashley (i-Contender) beyohlangana namantombazane amabili aphethwe yi-mitochondrial disease. Kwabaningi benu, uma nibukele isiqephu, lesi bekuyisingeniso sakho sokuqala se-mitochondrial syndrome (i-mitochondrial syndrome iyinkimbinkimbi yezifo ezihambisana nokulimala kokuzalwa ku-mitochondria). Kodwa-ke, leli qembu lezifo liya ngokuya licwaningwa njengoba ukuhlolwa kofuzo kanye nobuchwepheshe bokulandelana kofuzo kuba lula, ishibhile futhi bufinyeleleka kalula.
Kuze kube sekuqaleni kwawo-80, lapho i-genome ye-mitochondrial yomuntu ilandelana ngokuphelele, imibiko yezifo ze-mitochondrial yayingavamile. Isimo sishintshile ngokukwazi ukucacisa i-mtDNA yeziguli eziningi. Lokhu kuye kwaholela ekwenyukeni okukhulu kwenani leziguli ezibikiwe eziphethwe izifo ezizuzwa njenge-mitochondrial. Inombolo yabo ihlanganisa cishe oyedwa kwabahlanu (noma ngisho nambili nengxenye) abantu abayinkulungwane. Lapha asibacabangeli abantu abanezinhlobo ezithambile zezifo ze-mitochondrial. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhlu lwezimpawu ze-mitochondrial syndrome lukhule kakhulu, okubonisa isimo esibucayi salezi zifo.
Izifo ze-Mitochondrial zibonakala ngezithombe eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu zofuzo nezomtholampilo, ezimele ingxube yohlu olubanzi kakhulu lwezigaba zokuxilonga ezikhona. Izibonelo zamafa lapha ngezinye izikhathi ziyalalela futhi ngezinye izikhathi aziyilaleli imithetho kaMendel. UMendel uchaze amaphethini efa lezici ngokusebenzisa izakhi zofuzo ze-nuclear DNA. Amathuba okuvela kwesici sofuzo noma isifo sofuzo abalwa kalula ngesisekelo sokubikezela ubuningi bemiphumela yokuhlukaniswa kwenzalo ibe yizici ezihlukile zekhwalithi ngokuthola ifa okungahleliwe kwekhophi eyodwa kwezimbili zofuzo olufanayo kusukela kuhlu ngalunye. abazali (ngenxa yalokho, inzalo ngayinye ithola amakhophi amabili ofuzo ngalunye). Ezimeni lapho i-mitochondrial syndrome ibangelwa ukukhubazeka ezakhini zofuzo zenuzi, amaphethini ahambisanayo efa alandela imithetho ye-Mendelian. Kodwa-ke, kunezinhlobo ezimbili zama-genomes ezenza i-mitochondria ikwazi ukusebenza: i-mitochondrial DNA (edluliselwa ngomugqa kamama kuphela) kanye ne-nuclear DNA (ezuzwe kubo bobabili abazali). Ngenxa yalokho, amaphethini amafa ayahluka kusukela kokubusa kwe-autosomal kuya kwe-autosomal recessive, kanye nokudluliswa komama kwezinto zofuzo.
Isimo siba nzima nakakhulu ukuthi ukusebenzisana okuyinkimbinkimbi kwenzeka phakathi kwe-mtDNA ne-nDNA kuseli. Ngenxa yalokho, ukuguqulwa okufanayo kwe-mtDNA kungabangela izimpawu ezihluke kakhulu kuzelamani ezihlala emndenini owodwa (zingase zibe ne-DNA yenukliya ehlukene kodwa zibe ne-mtDNA efanayo), kuyilapho ukuguqulwa kungabangela izimpawu ezifanayo. Ngisho namawele anokuxilongwa okufanayo angaba nezithombe zomtholampilo ezihluke kakhulu zesifo (izimpawu eziqondile zincike ekutheni yiziphi izicubu ezithintekayo ngenqubo ye-pathogenic), kuyilapho abantu abaguquguqukayo bengase babhekane nezimpawu ezifanayo ezihambisana nesithombe sesifo esifanayo.
Noma ngabe kunjalo, kunenani elikhulu lokuhlukahluka kwe-mtDNA eqandeni likamama, futhi leli qiniso lichitha zonke izibikezelo mayelana nemiphumela yefa lofuzo. Imvelo yaleli qembu lezifo inesiphithiphithi kangangokuthi isethi yezimpawu ezihambisana nalezi zifo ingahluka kusukela eshumini leshumi leminyaka futhi ihluke ngisho nasezintweni zakini ezinokuguqulwa okufanayo kwe-mitochondrial DNA. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngezinye izikhathi i-mitochondrial syndrome ingamane iphele, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi (noma bekufanele) izuze njengefa. Kodwa izimo ezinjalo ezijabulisayo azivamile, futhi ngokuvamile izifo ze-mitochondrial ziyaqhubeka. Etafuleni Amathebula 2.2 no-2.3 aveza izifo nezimpawu ezihlobene nokungasebenzi kahle kwe-mitochondrial, kanye nezici zofuzo ezibangela lezi zifo. Njengamanje, isayensi yazi izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-200 zokuguqulwa kwe-mitochondrial. Ucwaningo luphakamisa ukuthi izifo eziningi eziwohlokayo zibangelwa yilezi zinhlobo zokuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo (okusho ukuthi kufanele sihlukanise inani elikhulu lezifo njengezifo ze-mitochondrial).
Njengoba sazi, lezi zinguquko zingabangela i-mitochondria ukuthi iyeke ukukhiqiza amandla, okungabangela amangqamuzana ukuba avale noma afe. Wonke amaseli (ngaphandle kwamangqamuzana egazi abomvu) aqukethe i-mitochondria, futhi, ngokufanelekile, i-mitochondrial syndrome ithinta amasistimu omzimba amaningi kanye nehluke kakhulu (ngasikhathi sinye noma ngokulandelana).
Ithebula 2.2. Izimpawu, izimpawu nezifo ezibangelwa ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-mitochondrial
Ithebula 2.3. Izifo zokuzalwa ezibangelwa ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-mitochondrial
Yiqiniso, ezinye izitho noma izicubu zidinga amandla ngaphezu kwezinye. Lapho izidingo zamandla zesitho esithile zingenakwaneliswa ngokugcwele, izimpawu ze-mitochondrial syndrome ziqala ukuvela. Okokuqala, zithinta imisebenzi yobuchopho, isimiso sezinzwa, imisipha, inhliziyo, izinso kanye nesistimu ye-endocrine, okungukuthi, zonke izitho ezidinga inani elikhulu lamandla ukuze zisebenze evamile.
Izifo ezitholakalayo ezibangelwa ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-mitochondrial
Njengoba ukuqonda kwethu umsebenzi we-mitochondrial kanye nokungasebenzi kahle kukhula, siqala ukwakha uhlu olude lwezifo ezibangelwa ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-mitochondrial kanye nokucacisa izindlela lezi zifo ezivuka futhi zithuthuke ngazo. Olunye ucwaningo lwakamuva lubonisa ukuthi i-mitochondrial syndrome ithinta bonke abantu abangu-2500. Kodwa-ke, uma ufunda ngokucophelela uhlu olungezansi, uzovuma ukuthi ngezinga eliphezulu lokungenzeka, izifo ze-mitochondrial (ezazalwa nazo noma ezitholiwe) zizorekhodwa maduze kuzo zonke izingxenye zamashumi amabili nanhlanu noma ngisho nazo zonke izakhamuzi zeshumi zamazwe aseNtshonalanga.
- Isifo sikashukela sohlobo II
- Izifo zomdlavuza
- Isifo i-Alzheimer's
- Isifo sikaParkinson
- I-bipolar affective disorder
- I-schizophrenia
- Ukuguga nokuncipha
- Ukuphazamiseka kokukhathazeka
- I-steatohepatitis engeyona utshwala
- Izifo zenhliziyo
- I-Sarcopenia (ukulahlekelwa kwemisipha namandla)
- Bonisa ukungabekezelelani
- Ukukhathala, okuhlanganisa i-chronic fatigue syndrome, i-fibromyalgia kanye nobuhlungu be-myofascial
Ezingeni lofuzo, izinqubo eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu zihlotshaniswa nakho konke lokhu. Amandla anamandla omuntu othile anganqunywa ngokuhlola ukuphazamiseka kokuzalwa kwe-DNA yakhe ye-mitochondrial. Kodwa lesi yisiqalo nje. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukukhubazeka kwe-mtDNA okutholiwe kunqwabelana emzimbeni, futhi ngemva kokuba isitho esisodwa noma esinye siwele umngcele othile, siqala ukusebenza noma sibe sengozini yokuwohloka (isitho ngasinye sinomkhawulo waso wokubekezela, esizokhuluma ngawo kabanzi. ).
Enye inkinga ukuthi i-mitochondrion ngayinye iqukethe amakhophi afinyelela kwayishumi e-mtDNA, futhi iseli ngalinye, wonke amathishu, nesitho ngasinye sinemitochondria eminingi. Lokhu kulandela ukuthi kuneziphambeko ezingenakubalwa kumakhophi e-mtDNA emizimbeni yethu. Ukungasebenzi kwesitho esithile kuqala lapho iphesenti le-mitochondria ekhubazekile ehlala kuyo lidlula inani elithile. Lesi simo sibizwa ngokuthi i-threshold effect36. Isitho ngasinye nesicubu singaphansi kokuguqulwa okuthile futhi sibonakala ngomkhawulo waso wokuguqula, izidingo zamandla kanye nokumelana nama-radicals mahhala. Inhlanganisela yalezi zici inquma ukuthi kuyoba yini ngempela ukusabela kwesistimu ephilayo ezinkingeni zofuzo.
Uma kuphela u-10% we-mitochondria enesici, ama-90% asele avamile ama-generator amandla eselula anganxephezela ukungasebenzi “kozakwabo” babo. Noma, isibonelo, uma uguquko lungembi kakhulu kodwa luthinta inani elikhulu le-mitochondria, iseli lisengase lisebenze ngokujwayelekile.
Kuphinde kube nomqondo wokuhlukaniswa kwe-mitochondria enesici: lapho iseli lihlukana, i-mitochondria yalo isakazwa ngokungahleliwe phakathi kwamaseli amantombazane amabili. Elinye lala maseli lingathola yonke i-mitochondria eguquliwe, kanti enye ingathola zonke "izitshalo zamandla" ezigcwele ngokugcwele (impela, izinketho ezimaphakathi zingenzeka kakhulu). Amaseli ane-mitochondria engasebenzi kahle azofa nge-apoptosis, kuyilapho amangqamuzana anempilo ezoqhubeka enza umsebenzi wawo (incazelo eyodwa yokunyamalala okungazelelwe nokungalindelekile kwe-mitochondrial syndrome). Isenzakalo somehluko ekulandeleni kwe-DNA ye-mitochondria (noma ama-plastids) entweni efanayo, ngokuvamile ngisho nasengqamuzaneni efanayo, lapho enye i-mitochondria, isibonelo, ingase iqukathe ukuguqulwa okuthile kwe-pathological, kuyilapho abanye bengenakho, ibizwa ngokuthi i-heteroplasmy. Izinga le-heteroplasmy liyahlukahluka ngisho naphakathi kwamalungu omndeni ofanayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinga le-heteroplasmy lingahluka ngisho nangaphakathi kwezinto eziphilayo kuye ngokuthi isitho esithile noma iseli, okuholela ezinhlobonhlobo eziningi zokubonakaliswa nezimpawu zesifo esithile se-mitochondrial.
Emzimbeni wombungu okhulayo, njengoba amaseli ehlukana, i-mitochondria enezinguquko igcwalisa izitho nezicubu ezihlukile komunye nomunye ngokwezidingo zabo zamandla. Futhi uma i-mitochondria eguquliwe ihlala emangqamuzaneni amaningi, agcina ephenduka abe izakhiwo ezisebenzayo ze-metabolic (isibonelo, ubuchopho noma inhliziyo), khona-ke into ephilayo ehambisana nayo iba nezinkinga ngekhwalithi yokuphila (uma ingasebenza nhlobo). Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma inqwaba ye-mitochondria engasebenzi kahle inqwabelana ngokuyinhloko kumaseli anezinga eliphansi le-metabolic (isibonelo, kumangqamuzana esikhumba ashintshana njalo), khona-ke umthwali we-mitochondria enjalo angase angalokothi azi mayelana nokuthambekela kwabo kofuzo ku-mitochondrial syndrome. Esiqeshini seThe Bachelor okukhulunywe ngaso ngenhla, enye yamantombazane anesifo se-mitochondrial yayibonakala ivamile, kuyilapho enye ngokusobala yayiphethwe ukugula okunzima.
Ezinye izinguquko ze-mitochondrial zikhula ngokuzenzakalelayo ngokukhula ngenxa yokukhiqizwa kwama-radicals mahhala ngesikhathi se-metabolism evamile. Okuzokwenzeka ngokulandelayo kuncike ezintweni eziningi. Isibonelo, uma iseli eligcwele i-mitochondria engasebenzi lihlukana ngesivinini esikhulu, njengoba kwenza ama-stem cells enza umsebenzi wokuvuselela izicubu, khona-ke amajeneretha wamandla angasebenzi azokwenza ukunwetshwa kwawo. Uma ingqamuzana elibuthakathaka lingasahlukani (ake sicabange ukuthi sikhuluma nge-neuron), khona-ke ukuguqulwa kuzohlala ngaphakathi kwaleli seli kuphela, kodwa, okungabandakanyi ithuba lokuguqulwa okungahleliwe okuphumelelayo. Ngakho-ke, kuyinkimbinkimbi yesisekelo sofuzo se-mitochondrial syndrome esichaza iqiniso lokuthi ukuchithwa kwemithombo ye-bioenergetic yomzimba, okubangelwa ukuguqulwa kwe-mitochondrial, kuzibonakalisa phakathi kwezifo nezimpawu ezihlukahlukene ezihlukahlukene neziyinkimbinkimbi.
Kufanele futhi sikhumbule ukuthi kunezakhi zofuzo eziningi ngaphandle kwe-mtDNA ezinesibopho sokusebenza okuvamile kwe-mitochondria. Uma ukuguqulwa kuthinta izakhi zofuzo ezifaka ikhodi ye-RNA, imiphumela ngokuvamile iba mibi kakhulu. Ezimweni lapho ingane ithola into eguquliwe ye-mitochondrial transcription factor ekukhulelweni kwayo kunoma yimuphi umzali (khumbula ukuthi izici zokuloba zingamaprotheni alawula inqubo yokwakheka kwe-mRNA ku-DNA matrix ngokubophezela ezingxenyeni ezithile ze-DNA), khona-ke yonke imitochondria yakhe ukuchayeka emiphumeleni ye-pathogenic. Kodwa-ke, uma ukuguqulwa kuhlotshaniswa kuphela nezici ezithile zokuloba ezenziwa zisebenze kuphela ezithweni ezithile noma izicubu noma ngenxa yokukhishwa kwehomoni ethile, umphumela ohambisanayo we-pathogenic uzoba ngowendawo kuphela.
Ububanzi obubanzi bezifo ze-mitochondrial kanye nokubonakaliswa kwabo kuyinkinga enkulu kodokotela (kokubili i-theory kanye ne-practical), kuhlanganise nokungenakwenzeka okubonakalayo kokubikezela ukuthuthukiswa kwe-mitochondrial syndrome. Ziningi izifo ze-mitochondrial kangangokuthi kunzima ukumane uzisho zonke, futhi eziningi zazo azikakatholakali. Ngisho nenani lezifo eziwohlokayo ezaziwayo (izifo zesimiso senhliziyo, umdlavuza, izinhlobo ezithile zokuwohloka komqondo, njll.) kuthiwa isayensi yesimanje ibangelwa ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-mitochondrial.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi nakuba lingekho ikhambi lezifo ze-mitochondrial, abantu abaningi abanalezi zimo (ikakhulukazi labo abanesifo esithambile noma esilinganiselwe) bangaphila isikhathi eside futhi baphile ukuphila okwanelisayo. Nokho, kulokhu kudingeka sisebenze ngendlela ehlelekile, sisebenzisa ulwazi esilutholile.
Mayelana nomlobi
U-Lee Know ungudokotela onelayisensi ye-naturopathic waseCanada, owine imiklomelo eminingana. Ozakwabo bamazi njengosomabhizinisi onombono, usomaqhinga nodokotela. U-Lee ubambe izikhundla njengomeluleki wezokwelapha, uchwepheshe wesayensi, kanye nomqondisi wocwaningo nokuthuthukiswa kwezinhlangano ezinkulu. Ngaphezu komsebenzi wesayensi wenkampani yakhe, uphinde abe ngumeluleki emkhakheni wemikhiqizo yezempilo yemvelo kanye nezithako zokudla, futhi ukhonza ebhodini labahleli labahleli bephephabhuku i-Alive, umagazini wezempilo ofundwa kakhulu eCanada. Ubiza ikhaya leGreater Toronto Area, lapho ehlala khona nomkakhe namadodana abo amabili, futhi unesithakazelo ngokukhethekile ekukhuthazeni impilo yemvelo kanye nemvelo.
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Ngesaphulelo esingu-25% se-Khabrozhiteley usebenzisa isigqebhezana - I-Mitochondria
Ngemva kokukhokhwa kwenguqulo yephepha yencwadi, incwadi ye-elekthronikhi izothunyelwa nge-imeyili.
Source: www.habr.com