INkathi Ephakathi yayithanda amahlaya abantu abamnyama. Yingakho ubuciko be-epitaphs buthandwa kakhulu. Baqamba amazwi efilosofi noma ahlekisayo etsheni labo lamathuna ngesikhathi sokuphila kwabo futhi babevame ukusebenzisa izinkonzo zama-epitaphists angochwepheshe.
Isiko lokubhala ama-epitaphs liye laqhubeka kuze kube manje. Kodwa uma ezweni lakithi zibhalwa kancane, khona-ke emazweni akhuluma isiNgisi ukubhala into ekhala izinyembezi noma ehlekisayo ethuneni kuyinto evamile.
Namuhla sizokutshela mayelana nama-epitaphs emathuneni abantu abadumile, okungabizwa ngempela ngokuthi ubuciko.
Kungani bebhala ama-epitaphs nhlobo?
Ngokombono ongokwengqondo, i-epitaph iyimizamo yezihlobo zokunciphisa kancane ubuhlungu babo ekulahlekelweni othandekayo. Futhi uma yaqanjwa umufi ngokwakhe (lapho esaphila, kunjalo), khona-ke lokhu kuwuhlobo lomzamo wokushiya okuthile ngemuva - okuhlekisayo, ifilosofi noma okungavamile.
Emazweni angemva kweSoviet, ama-epitaphs awazange abe nezimpande. Ngisho noma zibhaliwe, ngokuvamile ziyimithandazo noma izindimana ezivela eBhayibhelini. Lesi siko singaphezulu kweYurophu neMelika.
Abantu abaningi abadumile abashiya uphawu lwabo emlandweni nabo babengakuthandi ukuzibhalela i-epitaph. Kwabanye, yaqanjwa izihlobo. Noma kunjalo, masingadonsi isingeniso isikhathi eside, asingene kwezamabhizinisi.
UWilliam Shakespeare
Imbongi edumile kanye nombhali wemidlalo yeshashalazi uphumule eGreat Britain, edolobheni laseStratford-upon-Avon. Indawo yakhe yokungcwaba iyisivakashi sangempela iMecca. Kodwa namuhla sizobheka i-epitaph hhayi etsheni lesikhumbuzo elikhazimulayo, kodwa ku-quatrain eyabhalwa nguShakespeare ngokwakhe, etholakala ethuneni lakhe.
Kunenganekwane yokuthi uShakespeare wayesaba kakhulu ukucekelwa phansi kwethuna lakhe kangangokuthi yena ngokwakhe weza ne-epitaph lapho aqalekisa khona noma ubani owayenesibindi sokuthinta umlotha wakhe.
Umngane omuhle we-Iesvs ngenxa ye-beare,
Ukumba i-dvst evalelwe yizwa.
Ubusisiwe umuntu oyeka amatshe;
Futhi cvrst be he yt onyakazisa amathambo ami.Nansi ukuhumusha kwemibhalo (umhumushi A. Velichansky):
Mngane, ngenxa kaNkulunkulu, unganyakazi
Izinsalela ezithathwe yilo mhlaba;
Ongathintwayo uyabusiswa amakhulu eminyaka,
Futhi uqalekisiwe lowo othinte umlotha wami.
Ama-quatrains ayathakazelisa kubo bobabili izazi zezilimi nezazi-mlando. Kodwa-ke, izazi zefilosofi eziningi zibheka le-epitaph njengento ephakathi ngokubuka kwenkondlo. Kukhona ngisho nenkolelo yokuthi i-epitaph ayibhalwanga nguShakespeare, kodwa ngomunye umuntu. Kodwa noma kunjalo, abacwaningi babonakala betholile ukuthi umbhali wayo nguShakespeare ngokwakhe.
Futhi abanye abacwaningi abasafufusa baze bakholelwe ukuthi kukhona imfihlo efihliwe lapho. . Lokhu akwenzeki, kodwa ucwaningo lusaqhubeka.
Ake sibheke kancane i-epitaph ngokombono wolimi.
Phawula ukuthi uhlamvu V lungena kanjani esikhundleni sohlamvu U? Into ewukuthi incwadi ethi U yayingekho ngokusemthethweni ngaleso sikhathi. Kuye ngokubekwa kwayo egameni, uhlamvu V nalo lwalumelela imisindo manje eyabelwe izinhlamvu u-U no-W.
Futhi nakuba abanye ababhali bangekhulu le-XNUMX-XNUMX base bevele beyisebenzisa incwadi ethi U, uShakespeare wabhala i-epitaph ngendlela yakudala.
Futhi uqaphele izifinyezo ezithi - ye, ukuthi - yt, lapho uhlamvu olulodwa lubhalwe khona ngaphezu kolunye. Lesi sitayela sezindatshana sasivame kakhulu ngekhulu le-XNUMX - abaphrinta babevame ukusebenzisa amafomu anjalo. Futhi njengoba sesike sayithinta, bheka futhi ukupela okuqhubekayo kwezinhlamvu emagameni athi, yizwa, thes - lolu hlobo lwento lwaluvame kakhulu.
“Mayibusiswe indoda” - lapha inkulumo kufanele ithathwe ngokuthi “Kwangathi indoda ingahlakanipha”
“cvrst be he” - okufana nokuthi “makaqalekiswe.”
Ngokuvamile, ngokusho kokuhlaziywa kwezilimi zama-epitaphs kaShakespeare kukhona ngisho , lapho kukhona ngisho ukufana nemibhalo yasendulo, kuhlanganise naleyo ka-Ovid. Kodwa ngeke siye kude kangako. Asiqhubeke.
UMel Blanc
Ungase ungalazi igama lalo muntu, ungase ungamazi ukuthi wayebukeka kanjani, kodwa usuke walizwa izwi lakhe. Ngoba yilokho okushiwo abalingisi abaningi bekhathuni be-Warner Bros.
"Indoda yamazwi ayinkulungwane" - yilokho ozakwabo abambiza ngakho. Bugs Bunny, Porky Pig, Tweety Chick, Willie Coyote kanye nenani elikhulu labanye abalingiswa bakhuluma ngezwi lakhe.
I-epitaph ethuneni lakhe umugqa wesithonjana oqede wonke amakhathuni e-Looney Tunes avela ku-Warner Bros. "Yilokho kuphela abantu" - "Yilokho kuphela, bangane."
UMel Blanc ukhombise ngokucacile encwadini yakhe yefa ukuthi le nkulumo kufanele isebenze njenge-epitaph. Futhi uma sikhuluma iqiniso, lokhu kuzwakala njengokuzishaya indiva okuhle kakhulu nokuqaphela ukufaneleka komuntu siqu. Kuhle lokhu.
Jack Lemmon
Umlingisi waseMelika oqokwe kuma-Oscar izikhathi eziyisishiyagalombili futhi wawina isifanekiso kabili.
ULemmon wayebhekwa njengomunye wabalingisi abahamba phambili e-United States ngeminyaka yama-70s kanye nama-80s. Udlale kumafilimu angaphezu kwekhulu, kodwa abalandeli bamafilimu abakhuluma isiRashiya cishe bayamazi endimeni yakhe efilimini ethi Some Like It Hot (1959).
I-Lemmon inohlu oluhlaba umxhwele kakhulu lwemiklomelo. Ngaphezu kwama-Oscars amabili, uneminye imiklomelo emi-2 yeCannes Palme d'Or, 3 BAFTA Awards, 3 Golden Globes kanye nenqwaba yemiklomelo emincane.
I-epitaph yetshe lethuna likaLemmon imfushane kakhulu - uChekhov ubengajabula. Kunamagama amathathu kuphela kuwo, amabili awo okuyigama lomlingisi.
Ihlaya ukuthi umbhalo wetshe lethuna ufana ncamashi nohlaka oluvela kumakhredithi emuvi. Njengokungathi ngomzuzwana olandelayo kuzovela isihloko somdwebo. Futhi udinga ukuqonda okubhalwe ncamashi njengokuthi "Jack Lemmon efilimini..."
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, umbhalo ungathathwa njengoba unjalo: “UJonn Lemmon [ezweni].” I-epitaph enhle kakhulu yomculi wefilimu.
URobert Louis Stevenson
Phakathi kwezimbongi nababhali besikhathi esidlule, kwakuhlonishwa kakhulu ukuzibhalela i-epitaph.
URobert Stevenson, umbhali wenganekwane ethi "Treasure Island" kanye nezinye izincwadi eziyishumi nambili eziphathelene nezindikimba zasolwandle, naye uzibhalele irequiem.
Ngo-1884 wagula kakhulu. Umlobi wayesevele elungiselela ukufa futhi wenza inkondlo emfushane, eyifa ukuba ilotshwe etsheni lakhe lethuna. Yiqiniso, “kwamsiza” ngemva kweminyaka engu-10 kuphela, ngo-1894.
UStevenson ungcwatshwe eSamoa. Intando yakhe yagcwaliseka futhi “Imfuneko” yakhe ihlobisa ithuna lakhe.
Ngaphansi kwesibhakabhaka esibanzi nesinezinkanyezi,
Bambe ithuna angiqambe amanga.
Ngijabule ukuthi ngiphile futhi ngafa ngenjabulo,
Futhi ngilale phansi ngefaLeli yivesi ongingcwaba ngalo:
Lapha ulele lapho ayefisa ukuba khona;
Ikhaya itilosi, ikhaya elivela olwandle,
Nomzingeli obuya ekhaya egqumeni.
I-“Requiem” inohlelo lwemvumelwano oluthokozisayo aab cccb, lapho imigqa emithathu ye-quatrain inemvumelwano evamile, futhi yonke imigqa yesine yezigaba ezinemvumelwano nomunye.
"I-Requiem" ithathwa njengomsebenzi onzima kakhulu ukuwuhumusha. Ngokwengxenye kungenxa yesigqi, ngokwengxenye ngenxa yesigqi. Kunezinketho ezimbalwa zokuhumusha olimini lwesiRashiya, kodwa ayikho eyodwa eyaziwayo. Nansi enye ephumelele kakhulu, ngokombono wethu (umhumushi - uMikhail Lukashevich):
Ngaphansi komkhathi wezulu, lapho inkanyezi ephakeme khona.
Ibhodi lamabhokisi malingemukele,
Ngaphila ngenjabulo, futhi ukufa kulula kimi,
I-oda lami lokugcina yileli.Bhala ivesi ethuneni lami:
Lapha uqamba amanga ngokuthanda kwakhe,
Itilosi labuyela ekhaya livela olwandle.
Umzingeli wehla emagqumeni.
Okuthakazelisayo ukuthi leli vesi empeleni linezigaba ezintathu, kodwa phezu kwetshe lethuna kukhona ezimbili kuphela. Kuvele ukuthi umabhalane wemibhalo yombhali ususe isigaba sesibili emsebenzini. Kuze kube yimanje akwaziwa noma lokhu kwenziwa ngokucelwa ngumbhali noma bekungobugovu bukamabhalane. Futhi abacwaningi abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi ingeyakamuva.
Nasi isigaba sesibili esingekho:
Nansi imimoya emayelana nami;
Lapha amafu angase afike futhi ahambe;
Lapha kuyakuba khona ukuphumula kuze kube phakade;
Futhi inhliziyo izothula kuze kube phakade.
UCharles Bukowski
U-Bukowski ube nomthelela omkhulu ezincwadini zanamuhla zaseMelika. Wabhala amanoveli ayisithupha, izindaba ezingaphezu kwamakhulu amabili nezinkondlo ezingaba yinkulungwane.
Njengommeleli “weqiniso elingcolile,” imisebenzi yakhe yakhanyisa amaqiniso anonya futhi anonya emphakathini waseMelika. Izindaba zikaBukowski ziqoshwe izikhathi eziningana.
U-Bukowski ungummeleli wezincwadi ezingaphansi komhlaba ezinzima, ngakho-ke imisebenzi yakhe ayizange ithole imiklomelo, kodwa uthatha indawo eqinile emasikweni aseMelika.
I-epitaph kaBukowski ilula ngangokunokwenzeka: “Ungazami.” Kodwa empeleni, incazelo yalo ayilona ithemba njengoba kungase kubonakale ekuqaleni.
Inkulumo ethi “Ungazami” isiphenduke uhlobo lwempilo yombhali. Ezincwadini ezibhalelwe abangani nasemisebenzini yombhali, umqondo ofanayo wawuvame ukuphindwa:
“Sisebenza kanzima kakhulu. Sizama kakhulu. Ungazami. Ungasebenzi. Ikhona. Ilokhu isibheke ngqo, ibuhlungu ukukhahlela esibelethweni esivaliwe. Kube khona indlela eningi kakhulu. Konke kumahhala, akudingeki sitshelwe. Amakilasi? Amakilasi ngawembongolo. Ukubhala inkondlo kulula njengokushaya inyama yakho noma ukuphuza ibhodlela likabhiya."
“Sisebenza kanzima kakhulu. Sizama kakhulu. Ungazami. Ungasebenzi. Konke lapha. Ibheka thina ngqo futhi ilwela ngentshiseko ukuphuma esibelethweni esivaliwe. Sineziqondiso eziningi kakhulu. Konke lokhu kumahhala, asidingi ukufundiswa lokhu. Izifundo? Okwezimbongolo. Ukubhala inkondlo kulula njengokugxuma noma ukuphuza ibhodlela likabhiya.”
Yonke ifilosofi yokuphila yomlobi yafingqwa ngomusho owodwa olula. "Ungazami, yiba nguwe bese wenza okuthandayo." Kodwa kulabo abangaziwa emibonweni kaBukowski, i-epitaph izwakala njengokuthi "Ungazami," kodwa kulabo abazi ukuthi umlobi wayesho ukuthini, uguqulwa ngokuphelele: "Ungazami lokho ongenawo umphefumulo."
Ibhonasi: eulogy ngokwakho
Incazelo yesibili yegama elithi “epitaph” inkulumo yomngcwabo. Ngonyaka odlule kwavela i-video kuReddit lapho kwakudlalwa khona izwi likamufi okuhlekisayo emngcwabeni. Wahlekisa ababekhona waqeda usizi lwezihlobo.
"Sawubona? Sawubona? Ngikhiphe! Ngikuphi fuck? Ngikhiphe! Kumnyama bhuqe lapha! Ingabe lowo mfundisi engimuzwayo? Lona nguShay, ngisebhokisini. Futhi ngifile... Sawubona futhi sawubona, ngisanda kufona ukuze ngivalelise.”
Sawubona! Sawubona! Ngikhiphe! Damn it, ngikuphi? Ngikhiphe! Kumnyama bhuqe lapha! Ingabe umpristi okhuluma lapho? NguShay, ngisebhokisini. Futhi ngifile. Sawubona, sawubona futhi. Ngivele ngafona ngivalelisa."
Indoda yacula ibinzana lokugcina ngendlela . Elokugcina kuphela elithi “sawubona” elathathelwa indawo elithi “valelisa”.
PS Uyibonile indlela yokuphimisa yakudala yesi-Irish kuvidiyo? I-Fucking [ˈfʌk.ɪŋ] iba [ˈfɔːk.ɪŋ] enomsindo othi “o” ocacile.
Kuyamangaza ukuthi imishwana embalwa ingashintsha kanjani imizwa yabantu. Ngomzuzu owodwa babedabukile, futhi olandelayo babegigitheka. Futhi ukuze uzwe amandla angempela olimi lwesiNgisi hhayi ekuhumusheni, kodwa kokwangempela, funda ngendlela efanele.
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Source: www.habr.com