Ezimweni zamanje, cishe wonke umuntu angakwazi ukwethula i-cryptocurrency yakhe. Akukho okungaphezu kwemvelo ngalokhu, futhi abalawuli bezezimali abavamile ukunaka izenzakalo ezinjalo. Kodwa, njengoba wazi, yonke imithetho inezimo zayo, futhi isiphetho esinzima sephrojekthi ye-cryptocurrency yenethiwekhi yezokuxhumana ye-Facebook yaba isiqinisekiso salokhu. Ngakho-ke, abalawuli bezezimali abavela emhlabeni wonke babevumelana ngazwi linye mayelana ne-Libra stablecoin, bebonisa ukuyinqaba ngokungananazi. Sinqume ukuhlaziya isimo samanje futhi siqonde kahle ukuthi yiziphi izimangalo ezenziwa yizikhulu ngokumelene ne-Libra stablecoin.
Okuncane mayelana neLibra
Ngakho-ke, isethulo esisemthethweni sephrojekthi yeLibra senzeka ngoJuni 18, 2019. Kwakungalolu suku lapho izinkampani ezaziwayo nezinkulu kakhulu ezingama-27 (i-Facebook, i-eBay, i-Mastercard, i-Visa, i-Uber, i-Spotify, i-Vodafone, i-Coinbase, njll.) yamemezela ukusungulwa kwenhlangano imisebenzi yayo ezohloswe ukudala inhlangano entsha yomhlaba wonke. uhlelo lokukhokha.
Ngokwemvelo yayo, i-Libra iyi-stablecoin, okusho ukuthi izinga lokushintshaniswa kohlamvu lwemali ngeke libe ngaphansi kokuguquguquka ngakho-ke lingasetshenziswa njengendlela yokukhokha ngaphandle kwezinkinga. Intengo ye-Libra izosekelwa yizinhlobo zemali ze-fiat ezimbalwa ezaziwa kakhulu emhlabeni (idola laseMelika, i-euro, i-pound sterling, njll.), kanye nezibambiso.
Ukugcina nokudlulisa uhlamvu lwemali lwedijithali lwe-Libra, izinhlangano zifuna ukukhulula isikhwama semali ye-Calibra, esizobuye sihlanganiswe ku-Messenger neminye imikhiqizo enophawu lwe-Facebook.
Onjiniyela baphupha ngokudala isistimu yokukhokha lapho kuzokwaziwa khona ukwenza ukudluliselwa kwezimali kunoma iyiphi indawo yomhlaba wethu ngemizuzwana nje, mahhala. Amalungu e-Libra Association anombono wokuthi ukudluliswa kwemali kufanele kube lula njengokuthumela imilayezo ngezithunywa ezisheshayo.
Kodwa uma yonke into imangalisa kangaka, kungani-ke cishe yonke imibuso emikhulu emhlabeni yawuphikisa lo msebenzi? Ake sibheke lolu daba ndawonye.
Ukungqubuzana nabalawuli
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ku-Facebook, inqubo yokuthuthukiswa kwe-Libra yethulwa kudala ngaphambi kokwethulwa okusemthethweni - amahemuhemu okuqala mayelana ne-crypto ye-Facebook avele ekuqaleni kuka-2018.
Ekuqaleni, ulwazi lwaluthunyelwe ku-inthanethi lokuthi uphiko oluyimfihlo olukhethekile, i-Project Libra, lwaludalwe ku-Facebook. Cishe ngaso leso sikhathi, inkampani ka-Mark Zuckerberg yathola amalungelo ophawu lwentengiso lwe-Libra kwa-New York-based Libra Services. Kwaziwa ukuthi i-Facebook ixoxisana nezimali zebhizinisi, ihlela ukuqoqa i-$ 1 billion ukuze kuthuthukiswe iphrojekthi.
Ngisho nangokusekelwe olwazini olungaqinisekisiwe mayelana nomsebenzi wale phrojekthi, ochwepheshe abaningi bazwakalise ukukhathazeka ngokungena okungalawuleki kwengosi yokuxhumana nabantu ekuphileni kwangasese kwabantu. Njengoba bethi, "ayikho intuthu ngaphandle komlilo" - iqiniso liwukuthi konke lokhu kwenzeka ngokumelene nesizinda sokumangalelwa okuphindaphindiwe ngokumelene ne-Facebook yokusebenzisa okungagunyaziwe kwedatha yomuntu siqu yabasebenzisi.
Ingxoxo eKomidini Lezindaba Zamabhange, Ezezindlu Nezasemadolobheni leSigele Sase-US okokuqala ngqa ngo-July 2019. Umuntu obhekele ukuthuthukiswa kwesikhwama semali saseCalibra, uDavid Marcus, ukhulume kulo mcimbi futhi wazama ukuqinisa izikhulu futhi wadambisa ukwesaba kwazo okukhulu. Uthe i-Facebook ayilawuli lo msebenzi, kanti inhlangano ezimele, iLibra Association, yasungulwa eSwitzerland ukuze ithuthukiswe. Kubandakanya izinhlangano ezinkulu zomhlaba ezingama-27, okuhlanganisa i-Facebook, futhi kuzoba yiyona ezoqinisekisa izinga elifanele lokuvikelwa kwedatha yomuntu siqu yabasebenzisi.
Kodwa-ke, ngemva kwesikhathi esithile kwaziwa ukuthi abameleli beLibra Association abazange baxhumane ne-Swiss Federal Data Protection and Information Commissioner (FDPIC) - bathintana kuphela nabasebenzi be-Swiss Financial Market Supervisory Authority (FINMA). Kwakungemva kwalezi zindaba lapho ukungqubuzana phakathi kwephrojekthi encane nabalawuli baqala ukuqina ngokushesha: iziphathimandla zamazwe amaningi emhlabeni jikelele, i-International Anti-Money Laundering Task Force (FATF), abaholi be-G7 kanye ne-G20 babeyingxenye. okungalungile mayelana nephrojekthi, efuna ngokuqondile ukuthi ukuthuthukiswa kwayo kumiswe.
Besabani abalawuli?
UNgqongqoshe wezeziMali waseFrance uBruno Le Maire uthe uzomela ukuvinjelwa okuphelele kwe-Libra e-eurozone, njengoba le cryptocurrency ingase ibe yingozi ebukhosini bombuso bamazwe amaningi. Ozakwabo baseJalimane nase-USA bazwakalise cishe umbono ofanayo.
Kodwa kungani abalawuli bezezimali emhlabeni wonke bebambene nephrojekthi ye-Libra, futhi yini abesaba kakhulu?
Ake siqale ngeqiniso lokuthi i-Facebook inesimo senkundla yezokuxhumana ehamba phambili emhlabeni - inani labasebenzisi bayo lisondela kubantu abayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-3. Okusho ukuthi, inkampani imane inenani elikhulu ledatha yomuntu siqu yabasebenzisi bayo, esesivele iyisebenzisela izinjongo zayo ngokuphindaphindiwe.
Ake sikhumbule icala lokudluliswa okungekho emthethweni kwedatha yomuntu siqu mayelana nama-akhawunti ayizigidi ezingu-50 wenkampani yokuhlaziya i-Cambridge Analytica. Ngemva kwalokhu, i-Facebook yashaywa ngenhlawulo enkulu kunazo zonke eyake yaba khona - $5 billion. Kodwa ngisho nalesi sinyathelo esiqinile asinikezeli noma yisiphi isiqinisekiso sokuthi indaba efanayo ngeke iphindeke esikhathini esizayo.
Ingozi yesibili enkulu yephrojekthi emehlweni abalawuli ukuthi, naphezu kokuthi i-Libra izibeka njengephrojekthi ye-blockchain, empeleni ibukeka iphakathi nendawo. Izikhulu ezivela e-United States, Germany, France kanye namanye amazwe amaningi zikholelwa ukuthi ngokuba nedatha yomuntu siqu yabasebenzisi, yethula ukubethelwa kwemiyalezo nezinkokhelo ezingaziwa, i-Facebook iyakwazi ukwakha umnotho womuntu siqu womhlaba ongacekela phansi uhlelo lwezezimali olukhona. umhlaba namuhla. Futhi lokhu, kugcwele ukwakhiwa kwezimo zokushushumbisa izimali ezitholwe ngokungemthetho, ukuxhasa ngezimali ubuphekula bamazwe ngamazwe kanye nezinye izenzo zobugebengu.
"Sifuna ukuthi i-Facebook nabalingani bayo bavume ngokushesha ukuthi kumiswe noma yimuphi umsebenzi e-Libra naseCalibra. Le mikhiqizo ingase iholele ekuveleni kohlelo lwezezimali lomhlaba wonke olusha ngokuphelele, oluzinze eSwitzerland, oluyimbangi yenqubomgomo yezimali yaseMelika kanye nedola. "Lokhu kuphakamisa ukukhathazeka okukhulu mayelana nemfihlo, ukuhweba, ukuphepha kwezwe kanye nenqubomgomo yezimali hhayi kuphela kubasebenzisi be-Facebook abangaphezu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezimbili, kodwa nakubatshalizimali, abathengi kanye nomnotho obanzi womhlaba." encwadini evulelekile evela kuSihlalo weKomidi Lezinsizakalo Zezezimali uMaxine Waters kanye noKhongolose uCarolyn Meloni.
Ukuhlaziywa komhlangano weCongress yase-US mayelana ne-Libra
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi abamele i-Facebook abaphikisani ikakhulukazi nabalawuli, bethi ngeke bethule i-Libra kuze kube yilapho kuxazululwa konke ukungaboni ngaso linye nohulumeni.
Futhi muva nje, okungukuthi ngo-Okthoba 23, 2019, inhloko ye-Facebook yavela mathupha phambi kweCongress yaseMelika. Umcimbi amahora angaphezu kwayisithupha, futhi ngalesi sikhathi uMark Zuckerberg wabuzwa imibuzo eminingi engakhululekile azama ukuyiphendula.
Kweyakhe , eshicilelwe ku-inthanethi okwamanje , UZuckerberg uphinde waqinisekisa umphakathi ukuthi inkampani yakhe ayihlose ukwephula umthetho wamanje wase-US, ngakho-ke ngeke ikhulule i-Libra ngaphandle kwemvume yabalawuli bezezimali.
Phakathi nomhlangano, izikhulu zikahulumeni zikhumbuze i-CEO ye-Facebook ngazo zonke izinkinga zenkampani ezingakaxazululeki okwamanje. Phakathi nenkulumo yakhe yokuvula, inhloko yekomidi uMaxine Waters yaphawula ukuthi kungaba ngcono uma i-Facebook igxile ezinkingeni zayo ezikhona kulesi sigaba, futhi ngemva kokuba sezixazululiwe, ibone ukuthi kungenzeka ukwenza iphrojekthi enkulu kangaka njengeLibra. Amanzi agxile eqinisweni lokuthi uphenyo lokungathembeki luye lwaqalwa ngokumelene nenkampani ka-Zuckerberg ezifundazweni ezingama-47 (kwezingu-50) zaseMelika. Uhlongoze ukuthi i-Facebook ihlukanise izinkampani ezincane ezimbalwa ukuze kuxazululwe udaba lokudla.
Ngokuvamile, ama-congressmen alungiselela uhlu olukhulu lwezicelo, eziyinhloko phakathi kwazo okwakulandelayo:
- Ukugxambukela kweRussia okhethweni lukamongameli lwango-2016 lwenzeka, phakathi kwezinye izinto, nge-Facebook;
- ukufakwa kwezikhangiso zezepolitiki ezingalungile nezidukisayo;
ukuba khona kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile zezingane; - inqubomgomo yokukhangisa ebandlululayo;
Enkulumweni yakhe, uMarku akazange aphike iqiniso lokuthi namuhla inkampani yakhe inezinkinga eziningi ngempela. Uthe uyaqonda ukuthi i-Facebook okwamanje akuyona inkampani ekahle yokwenza umsebenzi onjalo.
"Empeleni angazi ukuthi i-Libra izokwethula yini, kodwa ngicabanga ukuthi kubalulekile ukuzama izinto ezintsha nokwenza izinto ezintsha," kusho yena.
UZuckerberg akakwazanga ukuphendula imibuzo eminingi evela kubaphathi abaphezulu: ikakhulukazi, i-CEO ye-Facebook ngokwayo ayikazi ngempela ukuthi inethiwekhi ye-Libra izosebenza kanjani. Ngokusekelwe embonweni wokuqala, umgomo oyinhloko wephrojekthi ukudala uhlamvu lwemali lwedijithali olufinyeleleka kalula, izinga lokushintshaniswa elizonikezwa indawo yokugcina imali yangaphandle - imibhalo esemthethweni yephrojekthi ithi i-Libra izoboshelwa eziningana zezimali ze-fiat. Imithombo yezimali kuzoba kokubili abahlanganyeli bekhonsortium nabasebenzisi benethiwekhi ye-Libra. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi okuwukuphela kwendlela ozokwazi ngayo ukuthola uhlamvu lwemali lwe-Libra ukuyithenga ngemali ye-fiat. Kodwa ngesikhathi sokulalelwa kwecala, uZuckerberg waphawula ukuthi inhlangano ayikaqondi kahle yona kanye mechanics ye-cryptocurrency ye-Libra. Uthe umgomo oyinhloko wephrojekthi awukona kakhulu ukudala i-cryptocurrency njengalokhu, kodwa ukuhlela uhlelo lokukhokha lomhlaba wonke lapho i-stablecoin izojikeleza khona.
Ngokusho kukaZuckerberg, le nhlangano ixoxa ngamathuba okudala uhlelo lokukhokha lwedijithali olusekelwe emalini ezizimele, hhayi nje ngemali entsha edalwe ngokuhlanganisa ezikhona.
Inzuzo ye-USA
Ngesikhathi sokulalelwa kwengqungquthela, i-CEO ye-Facebook yagcizelela ngokuphindaphindiwe iqiniso lokuthi ukuthuthukiswa nempumelelo yephrojekthi ye-Libra ihloselwe kuphela ukuqinisa ubuholi bezezimali e-United States.
“Ngenxa yokuthi iLibra izobe isemhlabeni wonke, sibone kungcono ukuthi singanciki kuphela emalini yezwe elilodwa. Kodwa njengoba siyinkampani yaseMelika, futhi umnotho waseMelika unamandla kakhulu emhlabeni, kunengqondo ukuthi indawo egciniwe ihlanganise ngokuyinhloko amadola aseMelika. Lokhu kuzoqinisa ubuholi bezezimali baseMelika,” egcizelela.
Ngokusho kukaZuckerberg, maduze nje, iphrojekthi efana neLibra kufanele isetshenziswe eChina, futhi ukuze ibe nokuncintisana futhi ibe nenzuzo ngaphezu kwamandla amakhulu alwela ubuholi bomhlaba, i-United States idinga ukuthuthukisa i-stablecoin yayo yonke indawo ngokushesha. ngangokunokwenzeka. Masikhumbule ukuthi ngemva kweminyaka eminingi yezingxoxo, uhulumeni waseShayina usanda kumemezela esidlangalaleni ukungathi sína kwezinhloso zawo mayelana nokwakhiwa kwe-yuan yedijithali. Kuvele kwaziwa ukuthi lolu hlelo luzokwenziwa yizikhulu zikahulumeni kanye nezinkampani ezizimele ezinkulu.
“Ngesikhathi sidingida lezi zindaba, umhlaba wonke awulali. Uma iMelika ingaqalisi izinto ezintsha, ubuholi bethu bezezimali abuqinisekisiwe,” kusho uZuckerberg.
Amanye ama-congressmen athole ingxabano evuna ukuqinisa umnotho waseMelika ungagculisi ngokuphelele. Iqiniso liwukuthi iphrojekthi ngokwayo ayithuthukiswa ngaphansi kombuso we-United States of America. Inhlangano engenzi nzuzo enesibopho sokudala isistimu yokukhokha entsha ibhaliswe e-Switzerland futhi ikomkhulu layo li-Geneva. UZuckerberg uphendule le nkulumo ngokuthi:
"Ngicabanga ukuthi uma uzama ukwakha uhlelo lokukhokha lomhlaba wonke, kunengqondo ukuthola inhlangano ezimele ezweni lapho izikhungo eziningi zamazwe ngamazwe zizinze khona."
Indawo ekahle yezigebengu
Mhlawumbe ukuphikisana okukhulu kakhulu kwabalawuli bezezimali mayelana ne-Libra ukusetshenziswa okungenzeka kwe-stablecoin ukuhlela imisebenzi engekho emthethweni - yendabuko maqondana ne-cryptocurrencies ngokuvamile, ngenxa yemvelo yomhlaba wonke kanye nokufinyelela okukhulu ngempela kwezilaleli ze-Facebook, emehlweni eziphathimandla. lokhu kwesaba kuthatha isimo sosongo lomhlaba wonke.
UZuckerberg uphendule ngale ndlela elandelayo:
“I-Libra izama ukwenza enye indlela ephephile, evikelekile futhi elawulwayo. Imboni yezinkokhelo zedijithali iyayidinga. Sizosebenzisana neziphathimandla zase-US ukuze sihlangabezane nezindinganiso ezifanayo nezikhungo zezezimali ezihamba phambili, mhlawumbe ngokuqine kakhulu."
Uphikile imininingwane ephathelene nokungaziwa kwesikhwama sedijithali saseCalibra. Ukuze usebenzise isistimu yokukhokha, abasebenzisi bazophoqeleka ukuthi bathole ubunikazi bomuntu siqu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-CEO ye-Facebook yenza ukubhuka ukuthi yiyona yedwa engenalo ilungelo lokuthatha izinqumo egameni layo yonke inhlangano.
Eqhubeka nokuphendula lo mbuzo, uZuckerberg uthe inethiwekhi ye-Libra izosebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obukhethekile obuzokwazi ukuqapha umsebenzi wabasebenzisi osolisayo. Kodwa, ngeshwa, izincazelo ezicacile mayelana nokuthi lo msebenzi uzosebenza kanjani azizange zimenyezelwe emhlanganweni.
Imiphumela yomhlangano
Kumele kushiwo ukuthi, nakuba ekupheleni komhlangano uZuckerberg akakwazanga ukukholisa iCongress ngenani eliyingqayizivele lephrojekthi yakhe, ukwazile ukwenza umbono omuhle kwabathile bezombangazwe. Ikakhulukazi, abameleli be-Republican Party bazwakalise umbono othophayo ngale phrojekthi. Omele uPatrick McHenry uthe:
“Nginokungabaza mayelana ne-Facebook ne-Libra kanye nokushiyeka kwezinkampani zobuchwepheshe obuphezulu. Kodwa uma umlando usifundise noma yini, kungcono ukuthi sibe ngasohlangothini lokusungula izinto zaseMelika. "
Omele I-US Democratic Party u-Bradley Sherman ubenokungabaza kakhulu ngemuva kokulalelwa kwecala. Uthe i-Libra izoba ngumsizi ongcono kakhulu wamaphekula, izigebengu, kanye nosomabhizinisi abangathembekile abafihla imali yabo. Kamuva wathi akanalutho olumelene ne-Facebook, kodwa wayengumphikisi osemthethweni we-cryptocurrencies ngokujwayelekile.
Ngemuva komhlangano, kwasala imibuzo embalwa evulekile; uZuckerberg wavele wangabi nazo izimpendulo kuyo. Manje i-Libra Association kufanele ithuthukise indlela ecacile yokusebenza kohlelo lokukhokha lwesikhathi esizayo futhi iyithumele kubalawuli bezezimali.
PS
Izindaba zakamuva mayelana nokuqhubeka kwecala laseLibra NgoNovemba 21 - ngalolu suku, umthethosivivinywa wokulawulwa komthetho we-stablecoins ngokuhambisana nomthetho wezibambiso uhanjiswe eNdlu yabaMeli be-US Congress. Ngakho-ke, iCongress ingase ibone ngokushesha i-Libra njengesivikelo, okuyinto, vele, engeke idambise isiphetho esivele sinzima sohlamvu lwemali oluzinzile lwe-Facebook.
Source: www.habr.com