U-Alexey Ivanov (umbhali, ) ukhulume noKostya Gorsky, umphathi wokuklama enkampanini , owayengumqondisi wokuklama we-Yandex kanye nomlobi wesiteshi socingo "" Lena inhlolokhono yesihlanu nochwepheshe abaphezulu emikhakheni yabo mayelana nendlela yomkhiqizo, amabhizinisi, ingqondo kanye noshintsho lokuziphatha.
Ngaphambi nje kwenhlolokhono, usho ibinzana elingasho lutho: "uma eminyakeni embalwa ngisaphila." Usho ukuthini?
O, kuvele ngandlela thize engxoxweni. Futhi manje lokhu kungenza ngizizwe ngisaba. Kodwa into ukuthi kufanele sikukhumbule ukufa. Ngaso sonke isikhathi, sasifundiswa ukukhumbula ukuthi ukuphila kunomkhawulo, ukwazisa izikhathi, ukuzijabulela zisekhona. Ngiyazama ukungakhohlwa ngalokhu. Kodwa cishe akufanelekile ukukhuluma ngakho. Ungakhumbula, kodwa akufanelekile ukukhuluma ngakho.
Kukhona isazi sefilosofi u-Ernest Becker, wabhala incwadi ethi "Denial of Death" ekuqaleni kwawo-70s. Ithesis yakhe eyinhloko: impucuko yomuntu iyimpendulo engokomfanekiso ekufeni kwethu. Uma ucabanga ngakho, kunezinto eziningi okungenzeka noma ezingenzeki: izingane, umsebenzi, ukuguga okunethezekile. Banethuba elithile, ukusuka ku-0 kuye ku-100%. Futhi isigameko sokufa kuphela esihlale sinamathuba angu-100%, kodwa sikukhipha ngenkuthalo lokhu ekuqapheleni kwethu.
Vuma. Kukhona into engiyimpikiswano kimi - impilo ende. U-Laura Deming uhlanganise okuhle kakhulu . Isibonelo, iqembu lamagundane lanciphisa ukudla kwawo ngo-20%, futhi aphila isikhathi eside kuneqembu elilawulayo ...
... Awukwazi ukwenza ibhizinisi ngalokhu wedwa. Yingakho imitholampilo yokuzila ukudla e-United States yavalwa eminyakeni engu-70 edlule.
Kulungile. Futhi kuphakama omunye umbuzo: ingabe siqonda kahle ukuthi kungani kudingeka siphile isikhathi eside? Yebo, kunenzuzo enkulu ngempela ekuphileni komuntu, kodwa uma wonke umuntu ephila isikhathi eside, ingabe abantu bayophila kangcono ngempela? Umuntu angasho ngokuvamile ukuthi ngokombono wemvelo kuwusizo kakhulu ukumane uzibulale. Zona lezi zishoshovu ezikhuthaza kangaka indawo ezungezile zingadala umonakalo omncane emhlabeni uma zingazami ukuphila isikhathi eside. Lokhu kuyiqiniso: sikhiqiza udoti, sidla izinsiza, njll.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, abantu basebenza emisebenzini engasho lutho, baya ekhaya bayobuka uchungechunge lwe-TV, babulale isikhathi ngazo zonke izindlela, bande, bese benyamalala. Kungani bedinga eminye iminyaka engu-20 yokuphila? Ngokunokwenzeka, ngicabanga ngalokhu ngokukha phezulu kakhulu; kungajabulisa ukukhuluma nothile ngakho. Isihloko sokuphila isikhathi eside asikacaci kimi okwamanje. Impela izimboni zezokuvakasha, ezokuzijabulisa nezokudla zizohlomula ngokuphila isikhathi eside. Kodwa kungani?
Amadolobha kanye nezifiso
Mayelana nokuthi kungani: wenzani e-San Francisco?
Ngize ukuzosebenza namaqembu e-Intercom lapha eSF. Sinawo wonke amaqembu okuya emakethe lapha.
Kwenzeka kanjani ukuthi inkampani yezobuchwepheshe ebaluleke kangaka njenge-Intercom ibe namandla ayo amakhulu eDublin? Ngikhuluma ngentuthuko nemikhiqizo.
E-Dublin sibonakala sinamaqembu emikhiqizo angu-12 kwangu-20. Amanye ama-4 e-London na-4 e-San Francisco. I-Intercom njengesiqalo ivela eDublin, ngakho-ke kunjalo ngokomlando. Kodwa-ke, asinaso isikhathi sokuqasha abantu eDublin ngesivinini esidingekayo. Kunabantu abaningi abanamakhono eLondon naseSF, futhi yonke into ikhula ngokushesha lapho.
Ungakhetha kanjani indawo yokuhlala?
Kungajabulisa ukwazi ukuthi abanye bacabangani ngalokhu. Ngizokwabelana ngemibono yami.
Umcabango wokuqala: ungakhetha. Futhi kuyadingeka. Abantu abaningi baphila ukuphila kwabo konke lapho bezalelwa khona. Ikakhulukazi bazothuthela enyuvesi noma edolobheni eliseduze nomsebenzi. Emphakathini wanamuhla, singakwazi futhi kufanele sikhethe ukuthi sizohlala kuphi, futhi sikhethe ezindaweni ezisemhlabeni wonke. Abekho ochwepheshe abanele abalungile yonke indawo.
Umcabango wesibili. Kunzima ukukhetha. Okokuqala, idolobha ngalinye line-vibe yalo...
Njengendatshana kaPaul Graham emayelana namadolobha kanye nesifiso sokuvelela?
Yebo, washaya isikhonkwane ekhanda. Lokhu kubalulekile ukukuqonda ukuze idolobha lifane namanani akho.
Okwesibili, idolobha lingaba, isibonelo, libe likhulu noma lincane. Isibonelo, iDublin, kubonakala kimi, iyidolobhana elinezigidi nangaphezulu. Kukhulu impela - kukhona i-IKEA, isikhumulo sezindiza, izindawo zokudlela ezinenkanyezi yaseMichelin, namakhonsathi amahle. Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, ungakwazi ukugibela ibhayisikili noma kuphi. Ungahlala endlini enotshani futhi ube senkabeni yedolobha.
I-Dublin, yiqiniso, idolobha elincane. Uma kuqhathaniswa neMoscow, lapho ngazalelwa futhi ngakhulela khona. Ngake ngafika eLondon ngivela eMoscow okokuqala - yebo, yebo, ngicabanga ukuthi ipholile, iBig Ben, amabhasi abomvu anesitezi esiphindwe kabili, konke kuhle. Futhi-ke ngathuthela eDublin futhi ngajwayela usayizi nomuzwa wayo. Futhi lapho ngifika okokuqala ngivela eDublin ngiya eLondon ngomsebenzi, ngamangala nje yikho konke, njengomfana wasedolobhaneni owazithola esedolobheni okokuqala: wow, ngicabanga, amabhilidi, izimoto ezibizayo, abantu bonke bangaphakathi. ukuphuthuma ukuya endaweni ethile.
Uyithanda kanjani iSan Francisco?
Okokuqala nje, iyindawo yenkululeko. Njengoba uPeter Thiel asho, kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazi okuthile abanye abangakwazi. Futhi lapha kubonakala sengathi lokhu kuqondwa kahle, ngakho-ke wonke umuntu angakwazi ukuziveza ngendlela athanda ngayo. Kuhle, ukubekezelelana okunjalo. Bekukade kuyidolobha lamahippie. Manje sekuyidolobha lezihlakaniphi.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, e-San Francisco konke kugeleza ngokushesha okukhulu, abantu abaningi ababanjwa futhi bagezwe endaweni ethile. Lena inkinga enkulu phakathi kwesizukulwane “sama-hippie” asebehlale kuleli dolobha iminyaka engu-70 edlule, kanye neziphukuphuku ezintsha lapha.
Ngempela. Izintengo zokuqasha zikhuphuka njengohlanya. Futhi lokhu kuyinkinga kulabo abaqashisayo. Ukube unomuzi, ubungazuza kuwo kuphela. Qasha igumbi futhi ungasebenzi impilo yakho yonke...
...E-Wisconsin.
Yebo, yebo. Kodwa ngiyabaqonda abantu abangaluthandi ushintsho. Baningi abantu abaku-SF abathanda ushintsho. Njalo uma ngibuya lapha umuntu ohlukile. Nje .
ukwakheka
Yini oyibhalayo futhi ongayibhali kuthelegramu yakho?
Kukhona inkinga lapha. Ngakolunye uhlangothi kukhona ukubhuloga. Ukubhuloga kuhle. I-Telegraph yangikhuthaza, ngakwazi ukuqala. Kunenhlabathi evundile - uphonsa uhlamvu bese luzimila lodwa. Kunezithameli ezithanda ukungifunda.
Uma ubhala, uzama ukwakha imicabango, uqonda okuningi, futhi uthola impendulo. Ngake ngafunda kabusha okuthunyelwe onyakeni odlule futhi ngacabanga: yeka amahloni, yonke into ayinangqondo futhi ayibhalwanga kahle. Manje, ngithanda ukukholwa, ngibhala kangcono kunangesikhathi ngiqala.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, nakhu okungididayo... “Owaziyo akakhulumi, okhulumayo akazi. Abantu ababhala kakhulu ngokuvamile abaqondi okuningi ngesihloko. Ngibheka, isibonelo, ebhizinisini lolwazi - ngokuvamile yonke into iphezulu kakhulu. Ngokuvamile, abantu bagcwele izincwadi nezifundo. Umhlaba ugcwele izinto ezingcolile, cishe akukho ukujula. Ngesaba ukuba “umkhiqizi wokuqukethwe” ofanayo.
Baningi abantu abenza izinto ezimangalisayo futhi abangabhali lutho ngakho. Angikaziqondi mina ngokwami ukuthi ngingazizwa kanjani ngingcono.
Mhlawumbe ugqozi ngokuthunyelwe?
Kungenzeka. Kodwa ibhulogi ithatha amandla amaningi nomzamo. Okwamanje, ngithathe ikhefu elifushane ekubhulogini futhi ngithola amandla. Amandla asuswa kokuthile: emsebenzini, empilweni yomuntu siqu, ezemidlalo, njalonjalo. Konke yisikhathi namandla.
Nami ngokusobala nginaso isithombe senkosi ethule. Uyakujabulela ukufundisa abanye, abeza ngamehlo acwebileyo. Kodwa ayiphushi.
Ungaba kanjani uthisha kubantu abangu-1-2?
Abantu abadinga ngempela ukufunda bambalwa kakhulu.
Uke wacabanga ngesifundo sombhali?
Kunesifundo sami esincane ku-Bang-Bang. Esikhathini esidlule ngafundisa kulesi sikhungo. Ibhulogi isanda kushintsha konke.
Ngazi okuncane kakhulu ukuthi ngingafundisa abanye. Ngavele ngaqala ukuba nokuqonda izinto ezithile. Vumela abantu abazi kangcono bafundise...
Kulokhu singasho ukuthi nabo bangacabanga kanjalo, futhi lokhu akufanele kufundise muntu
Yebo, yebo... Ukufundisa kuhle emsebenzini. Abaqambi bami, isibonelo, ngisebenza nabo kakhulu, ngibasize bakhule, babone izinguquko, baqaphele abantu abayidingayo, abayifunayo.
Kodwa lapho abafundi bephenduka abantu abangahleliwe abanganikezi lutho, kungani kuchithwa amandla?
Njengoba sikhuluma ngalokhu, ngifuna ukuveza isihloko senkinga yemfundo ephakeme... Yini okufanele siyenze? Kuzwakala sengathi abantu abawutholi u-95% wamakhono abo enyuvesi.
Ngisho no-99%. Ngangicabanga ukuthi amanyuvesi ayizinkunzi, asungulwa emphakathini wezimboni, lapho yonke into yenziwa ngendlela yokuthi umfundi adinge ukuthi agxilise okuthile futhi akunikeze uprofesa, okuyinto ngesizathu esithile yimpumelelo. UKen Robinson ngalokhu .
Ngemva kwesikhashana, ngabona ukuthi kunezimboni lapho imfundo ephakeme ngalolu hlobo isasebenza. Odokotela, isibonelo. Okukhethekile kwezemfundo: izazi zezibalo, izazi zefiziksi, njll. Ososayensi benza cishe into efanayo nabafundi esikhungweni - imisebenzi yesayensi, izincwadi. Kodwa uma sikhuluma ngabaklami, abahleli bezinhlelo, abaphathi bemikhiqizo... Lena imisebenzi yezandla. Ngafunda izinto ezimbalwa futhi ngaqhubekela phambili. I-Coursera ne-Khan Academy zanele lapha.
Kodwa muva nje kuvele umqondo omusha wokuthi inyuvesi iyadingeka emphakathini. Lona umfutho wokuqala wokwenza abantu abajwayelene nabo, ukungena ezinkampanini, lokhu kubambiswano lwesikhathi esizayo, ubungane. Ukuchitha iminyaka embalwa nabantu abapholile kuyigugu.
USasha Memus ulapha Yilokhu akushilo ngento ebaluleke kakhulu ayithole ePhysics and Technology Institute. Kuhle ukuba nenethiwekhi nomphakathi.
Yebo Yebo Yebo. Futhi lokhu kuyinto imfundo ye-inthanethi esahluleka ukuyifinyelela. Ngokuvamile, amanyuvesi awumphakathi, ayithikithi lokungena embonini. Njengoba nje i-MBA ingeyebhizinisi. Lokhu, okokuqala, ukubambisana okubalulekile, amakhasimende esikhathi esizayo, ozakwethu. Lena into ebaluleke kakhulu.
Imisebenzi Emikhiqizweni
Yiluphi ulwazi nekhono imikhiqizo yakwa-Intercom enakho?
Kunokuhlangenwe nakho okuhlukene. Eminye imikhiqizo yayineziqalo zayo ngaphambili, isibonelo. Lapho umuntu edlula esikoleni esinjalo futhi eba mkhulu, kupholile kakhulu. Yebo, abanye banenhlanhla, abanye abanayo. Kodwa kunoma yikuphi, kuyisipiliyoni.
Kuthiwani ngabaklami bemikhiqizo?
Isipiliyoni. Iphothifoliyo yomkhiqizo. Kwesinye isikhathi kuyenzeka ukuthi abantu bathumele amaphothifoliyo anamakhasi okufika. Bathumela amasayithi ngesizathu esithile. Kodwa uma kukhona imikhiqizo engu-3-4, noma izingxenye zemikhiqizo emikhulu, khona-ke singase sikhulume ngokuthile.
Wenze umsebenzi opholile e-Yandex eminyakeni emihlanu: kusuka kumklami kuya enhlokweni yomnyango wokuklama. Kanjani? Futhi yini i-sauce eyimfihlo?
Ngezindlela eziningi bekuyinhlanhla nje, ngiyacabanga. Kwakungekho sauce eyimfihlo.
Kungani unenhlanhla?
Angazi. Waqale wakhuphukela esikhundleni sokuphatha. Kunesikhathi lapho nganginabaklami bewebhu. Futhi-ke isikhathi eside kakhulu iqembu lethu alikwazanga ukwenza lutho nge-Yandex.Browser. Abaklami bashintshile, sazama ukukhishwa kwemisebenzi, izitudiyo ezahlukene. Akukho okusebenzayo. Abaphathi bafaka ingcindezi kumphathi wami - bathi uKostya uhlezi lapho futhi ubhekana nodoti wokuphatha. Umphathi wami wangicindezela. Banginike iqembu labantu futhi bagxile eSipheqululini kuphela. Kwakuyihlazo; kwadingeka ngiyeke amaphrojekthi amaningi.
Ingabe uyifosholo?
Yebo, kodwa ngesizathu esithile konke kwaphumelela. Kube nokwethulwa okukhulu. Sasisesiteji esifanayo no-Arkady Volozh - lokhu akukaze kwenzeke ngaphambili emlandweni wenkampani ukuthi umklami avele esiteji ngesikhathi sokwethulwa komkhiqizo omusha. Nakuba u-Tigran, umphathi womkhiqizo, mhlawumbe uvele wangidonsela esiteji, ecabanga ukuthi mhlawumbe ngingachaza kangcono ukuthi yini engalungile ngomklamo wethu. Ngabe sengifaka inkanyezi ezikhangisweni zeSiphequluli.
Ngemva kweminyaka embalwa, mina nabafana sahlanya futhi senza umqondo wesiphequluli sesikhathi esizayo. Kungaphezu kwamasu. Le ndaba yandisa i-karma yami.
Ngizwe inguqulo ukuthi uphathwe ngesimo esihle sengqondo ngoba uyisibonelo esihle somuntu ophethe i-DNA, isiko le-Yandex.
Mhlawumbe kunjalo ... Yebo, yebo, amanani nemibono ye-Yandex iseduze nami.
Ngiphinde ngaba nenhlanhla enkulu nge-Intercom. Ngithola injabulo, ukwabelana kanye nokudlulisa amanani enkampani. Ngokuvamile, kwenzeka okuthile ngaleso sikhathi. Bengilokhu ngisekela i-Yandex, futhi manje ngiyajabula uma okuthile okusha kuvela.
Ngizwe kukhulunywa kakhulu ngeYandex “endala” “nentsha”. UCABANGANI?
Kafushane. I-Adizes inombono wemijikelezo yokuphila yezinhlangano. Ekuqaleni inkampani incane, ijabule futhi ayiqinisekile - isiphithiphithi esiphelele kanye nesiphithiphithi. Bese ukukhula. Uma konke kukuhle, bese ukala. Kodwa ngesinye isikhathi kungase kube nophahla - imakethe iyaphela noma enye into, othile uyaphithizela. Futhi uma inkampani ingakwazi ukunqoba lokhu kusilingi bese ibambeka, khona-ke ingxenye yayo yokuphatha kanye ne-bureaucracy iqala ukukhula. Yonke into ishintsha kusukela ekuhambeni okusheshayo nasekukhuleni kuye ekulondolozeni lokho okuyikho. Ukongiwa kwemvelo kuyenzeka.
I-Yandex yayinengozi yokuphela kulesi sigaba. Ukusesha bese kucacile njengebhizinisi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kwakuhlale kunempi yokuncintisana enzima ne-Google. I-Google, isibonelo, yayine-Android, kodwa asinayo. Isikhathi eside manje, akekho ovakashele ku-www.yandex.ru ukusesha. Abantu bamane baseshe ngqo esipheqululini noma esikrinini sasekhaya sefoni yabo. Kodwa asikwazanga ukufaka i-Yandex kumafoni abantu. Abantu babengenakuzikhethela, kwaze kwaqulwa icala lokungathenjwa.
I-Yandex ifuna ukuqhubeka. Imakethe yaseRussia yayigcwala ngokushesha. Kwakudingeka amaphuzu amasha okukhula. Owayengu-CEO ngaleso sikhathi u-Sasha Shulgin wahlonza amayunithi ebhizinisi enkampanini ayengazikhokhela wona, futhi wabanikeza ukuzimela okukhulu; baze baba izinhlangano ezisemthethweni ezihlukene. Yenza okufunayo, vele ukhule. Ekuqaleni kwaba Yandex.Taxi, Market, Avto.ru. Kwaqala umnyakazo lapho. Ku-Yandex, lezi kwakuyizikhungo ezintsha zokuphila nokukhula. Abantu abathanda lokhu baqala ukushiya inkampani yonke beya emayunithi ebhizinisi. Inkampani yavusa ukukhula okwengeziwe kwamayunithi azimele. Ukwabelana ngemoto ku-Yandex Drive, isibonelo, kufana nalokhu. Kodwa ngaphandle kwabo, kunamaphuzu amaningi ekuphileni lapho amabhizinisi e-Yandex echuma.
Wabe usuthutha - usuka endimeni yomqondisi wokuklama wayo yonke i-Yandex waya endimeni yokuhola umklamo ku-Intercom.
I-Yandex yiqembu le-CIS. Bengifuna ukuzama ukudlalela iqembu lomhlaba. Ngifunde ibhulogi ye-Intercom futhi ngacabanga - yindlela abantu abapholile abaqonda ngayo ngemikhiqizo. Ngingathanda ukusebenzisana nabo, ngibone ukuthi kuzohamba kanjani, nokuthi ngiyoke ngikwazi yini ukukwenza kuleli zinga. Ilukuluku liwinile.
Ingabe uncoma ilukuluku?
Hhayi-ke, uma abantu bengesabi ... Ukuwohloka komqondo nesibindi, njengoba besho. Manje ngaqaphela ukuthi ngangifaka izinto eziningi engozini. Kodwa ngase ngivumela isifiso.
Muva nje no-Anya Boyarkina (Inhloko Yomkhiqizo, ) engxoxweni bakhulume ngokuwohloka komqondo nesibindi. Utusa isibindi nokulinganisela.
Kudingeka isizathu esincane. Kodwa ngibonakala nginenhlanhla futhi ngiyithanda kakhulu. Ngihola iqembu labaklami abasebenza kumaphrojekthi ahlukahlukene.
Yiziphi izeluleko ezintathu ongazinikeza abaklami abafisa ukuvelela nabanekhono?
1. Thuthukisa isiNgisi sakho. Into yokuqala. Abantu abaningi banqamula amakhona kulokhu. Abantu abaningi bangibhalela ngezikhala ze-Intercom, ngabiza abantu abaningi ngenza ne-micro-interviews. Ngesinye isikhathi ngabona ukuthi ngangichitha isikhathi. Uma izinga lomuntu lolwazi lwesiNgisi liphakathi, hamba ufunde ulimi, bese ubuyela engxoxweni. Umklami kufanele akhululeke ukuchaza imicabango nemibono futhi aqonde abanye abasebenzi. Sisadinga ukuxhumana njalo nezikhulumi zomdabu. Kunabantu abaningi abavela kuwo wonke umhlaba, kodwa imikhiqizo nabaphathi bavela ikakhulukazi e-States, UK, Ireland, Canada, Australia. Kunzima kakhulu ukuxhumana nabo ngesiNgisi uma ungasazi ezingeni elanele.
2. Iphothifoliyo ecacile. Bona ukuthi iyini iphothifoliyo yomklami womkhiqizo evamile. Ezinye zinemininingwane eminingi kakhulu—zibhala izibonelo zezifundo ezinamakhasi angama-80 ngomsebenzi ngamunye. Abanye abantu, ngokuphambene nalokho, babonisa kuphela amashothi aconsayo. Ukuze uthole iphothifoliyo enhle udinga nje ukuqoqa amacala abukeka kahle angama-3-4. Engeza indaba encane kodwa ecacile kubo: ukuthi benzeni, bakwenze kanjani, umphumela waba yini.
3. Zilungiselele. Kubo bonke. Ukuhambisa, ukushiya indawo yokunethezeka. Ngokwesibonelo, ngaphambi kwe-Intercom ngangingakaze ngithuthe edolobheni lakithi. Futhi cishe wonke umuntu engaxoxa naye eMoscow wayevela endaweni ethile. Ngaba nomona. Ngacabanga ukuthi ngiwumunca onjani ngokunganyakazi ndawo. Ngiyayithanda iMoscow, mhlawumbe ngolunye usuku ngizobuyela lapho. Kodwa isipiliyoni sokusebenza phesheya sibaluleke kakhulu; manje sengiqonda kangcono ukuthi yonke into isebenza kanjani emhlabeni. Ngabona okuningi.
Kwenzeke kanjani ukuthi i-Intercom ibe nokuthunyelwe komkhiqizo okuhle kangaka?
Sidinga ukubuza kulabo ababhala lezi zincwadi.
Ziningana izinto eziza engqondweni. Kwa-Intercom, ukwabelana ngolwazi kubaluleke kakhulu. Ubhala kubhulogi - kuhle lokho. Isibonelo, sinezethulo ezikhuluma ngokukhululeka ezingqungqutheleni. Sikhuluma ngobuqotho ngezinto eziwubuphukuphuku namaphutha lapho, futhi singahlobisi imiphumela. Ukwethembeka nobuqiniso. Ungabonakali njengomuntu, kodwa khuluma njengoba kwakunjalo. Mhlawumbe lokho kwaba nethonya elithile.
Siphinde sibe nabafana abesabekayo. Thanda ,SVP Yomkhiqizo. Ngangihlale ngimlalele ngivule umlomo. Uma esho okuthile emhlanganweni womkhiqizo, ngicabanga ukuthi nginenhlanhla kangakanani ngokuba gumbini elilodwa nalo muntu. Uyakwazi ukuchaza izinto eziyinkimbinkimbi kalula. Ucabanga ngokucacile.
Mhlawumbe leli iphuzu lokubhuloga?
Kungenzeka. Eqinisweni, sinababhali abaningi abapholile. , co-founder, izigxobo zegolide ezimbalwa. , umqondisi wethu wokuklama, ukhuluma kahle kakhulu.
I-Artificial Intelligence kanye ne-Automation
Ucabangani ngama-bots kanye ne-automation? Isibonelo, uma ngishayela nge-Uber, angikwazi ukuzibamba kodwa ngizwe sengathi abashayeli kudala befana namarobhothi...
Ngama-bots, ekuqaleni kwakukhona igagasi elingavamile le-hype. Abantu abaningi babecabanga ukuthi ama-bots ayinto entsha, ukuthi ayizinhlelo zokusebenza ezintsha nendlela entsha yokuxhumana. Manje kusukela esiteji cishe kufanele ngixolise ngegama elithi "bot". Igagasi selidlulile. Lesi yisimo esinjalo - lapho into ishisa ngokweqile. Kuvela abazondayo, bese uphoqeleka ukuthi uveze ukuthi awulona ikamela. Ngisola ukuthi into efanayo iyenzeka nge-cryptocurrency manje.
Manje sekucacile ukuthi kunezimo eziningana zokusebenzisa lapho ama-bots asebenza kahle. Ngokuvamile, umlando wokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe umlando wokuzenzakalelayo. Kudala, izimoto zaziqoqwa abantu, kodwa manje uTesla usenezimboni ezizenzakalelayo ngokuphelele. Kudala, izimoto zazishayelwa abantu; maduze nje kuzoshayelwa i-autopilot. I-Chatbot, empeleni, ingelinye lamagatsha e-automation.
Kungenzeka yini ukuxhumana ngokuzenzakalelayo?
Lokhu kusebenza kwezinye izimo, futhi kusebenza kangcono lapho kunenombolo enkulu yamacala afanayo. Lapha kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isiteji sihlakaniphe kangakanani, sidinga ukukwazi ukudlulisa umsebenzisi kusuka ku-bot kuya kumuntu wangempela ngesikhathi esifanele. Nokho, izinto ezilula: awudingi ukuzama ukwenza ifomu lokufaka ikhadi lasebhange ngendlela ye-UI yokuxoxa, vele ufake ifomu engxoxweni.
Kunezimo ezilula neziyinkimbinkimbi nge-automation. Ake sithathe isibonelo sokulawulwa kwamapasi esikhumulweni sezindiza. Ezimweni ezingu-99%, konke kucacile futhi kulula: vele uskena ipasipoti yakho, thatha isithombe somuntu futhi umvumele adlule - lokhu kungenziwa ngomshini othomathikhi. Lokhu sekuvele kusebenza eYurophu. Umuntu uyadingeka kulelo phesenti elilodwa, lapho kukhona uhlobo oluthile lwecala elingajwayelekile. Umuntu angakwazi ukuqonda imibhalo. Isibonelo, lapho isivakashi, silahlekelwe ipasipoti, singena nesitifiketi.
Kuyafana nokusekela - kunemibuzo eminingi elula ezenzakalelayo. Kungcono ukuba ne-bot ephendula ngokushesha kunomuntu ophendula kamuva. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izikhungo ezinkulu zezingcingo ziyabiza futhi zidla isikhathi. Futhi uma sikhuluma iqiniso, abasebenzi bakhona nabo bacishe bafane nama-biorobots, baphendula ngokwezifanekiso ... Kungani lokhu? Buncane ubuntu kulokhu.
Kulapho umbuzo wokusekela unzima - udinga ukushintshela kumuntu. Ngisho noma kungesikhona namuhla, kodwa kusasa, izonikeza impendulo evamile.
Bambalwa abantu manje abenza ukuxhumana ngomshini nomuntu, lapho umshini nomuntu besebenzisana. I-Facebook, isibonelo, ikhiphe umsizi wayo "M" - bazama ukuxuba yonke into, bafihle konke ngemuva kwe-avatar yebhizinisi. Njengokuthi, akunandaba ukuthi ukhuluma nobani njengamanje. Kodwa kimi kubonakala sengathi lokhu akulungile - udinga ukucaca ngokuphelele ukuthi ukhuluma nerobhothi noma umuntu.
Yebo, kukhona into enjalo “ngokuzenza umuntu” - uma into eyirobhothi ibukeka njengomuntu, kuthusa kakhulu ukuthi abantu baxhumane nayo. Kuze kube yilapho ifana ngokuphelele ne-humanoid, bese iba yinto evamile futhi.
Lesi simo sinegama: , "isigodi esingaqondakali". Amarobhothi eBoston Dynamics asathusa, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi azama kangakanani ukwenza izinja ngawo. Uma into ingumuntu hhayi umuntu ngesikhathi esisodwa, kuba yinqaba kakhulu, siyesaba. Ngama-bots, udinga ukusetha okulindelekile okufanele. Bayiziphukuphuku: umshini ungase ungakuqondi, ngakho-ke asikho isidingo sokwenza okulindelwe okungalungile.
Uke waqaphela ukuthi imibuzo eya ku-Google noma ku-Yandex ibhalwe ngemiyalo? Abantu abasho ezingxoxweni ezivamile, "Inini isizini yesithathu yezinto ezingaziwa izophuma." Ngakho-ke nabasizi bezwi, ngisho nezingane zishintsha ngokushesha ithoni yokuyala, ngokucijile nangamagama alula ziyala ukuthi zenzeni.
Ngendlela, mayelana nama-oda kanye nokucwaswa kobulili. Ziningi izifundo ezikhombisa ukuthi umsizi wezwi unethuba elingcono kakhulu emakethe uma enezwi lowesifazane. Iliphi ibhizinisi elingadela u-30% wemali engenayo ukuze lilwele ukulingana ngokobulili?
Yebo, uSiri naye unezwi lowesifazane ngokuzenzakalelayo. Futhi Alexa. Ku-Google ungakhetha ubulili bomsizi, kodwa izwi elizenzakalelayo elowesifazane. Ku-Space Odyssey kuphela lapho i-HAL 9000 yakhuluma ngezwi lowesilisa.
Ekhuluma ngefantasy. Kunalomfana wakwaCooper Design Consulting ogama lakhe nguChris Nossel, uyahlanya enganekwaneni yesayensi. Kuhle ukubona ukuxhumana nokuxhumana empilweni yangempela. Izinto eziningi zaboleka kuzo zonke izinhlangothi. Kwakukhona, isibonelo, ifilimu ethi "Uhambo Oluya Enyangeni" ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20 - futhi kwakungekho nhlobo ukuxhumana emkhathini. Futhi kumafilimu we-XNUMXs kukhona kakade ama-dial gauges kumakhompyutha ...
Ukuzithuthukisa kanye noshintsho lokuziphatha
Ungathuthukisa kanjani wena, Kostya? Yimaphi amasu nezinqubo ozincomayo?
Imishwana emibili: 1) ukukhetha isiqondiso sokuvelela kanye 2) nemigomo emincane engafinyeleleka.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, mayelana nento yesibili, okungukuthi, mayelana nemigomo, udinga ukuzikhumbuza njalo: funda kabusha uhlu. Ngizama ukuphinda ngifunde okwami kanye ngesonto.
Nginefayela lombhalo elinawo wonke amagoli amakhulu abhalwe lapho. Ngiyiqambe ngendlela yokuthi inezinhlaka ezimbalwa. Kokunye ngacabanga ukuthi iqiniso lizobukeka kanjani lapho yonke into yayiyi-10 kweziyi-10. Futhi ngakunye nginikeze ukuhlola okuqotho kokuthi iyiphi inombolo kwabayi-10 engikuyo manje.
Mayelana nokuzithuthukisa, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi nganoma yisiphi isikhathi uzithola usendaweni eyodwa noma kwenye ngesizathu. Usuhambe ibanga elide lapho, futhi ukusuka kule ndawo ungabona uhlobo oluthile lwesiqongo. Kodwa ngemva kwesiqongo ngasinye kuzoba nesinye. Kuyinqubo engapheli.
Abantu abaningi balinganisela isimo sabo sempilo ngo-7/10. Into esemqoka akuyona ukuthi uzinikela kangakanani manje, kodwa lokho okushoyo mayelana "neshumi" lakho. Umgomo awukona ukugxuma usuka ku-7 uye ku-10, umgomo uwukukhuphuka isinyathelo esisodwa phezulu. Eyodwa nje. Izinto ezincane ezilula, izenzo zodwa.
Ngiphinde ngilifunde leli fayela kaningi. Lona umlingo oyinhloko - ukuphinda uwufunde, uzikhumbuze. Abantu banalokhu okungavamile: uma ufunda umbhalo izikhathi ezingu-40, uwufunda ngekhanda. Senziwe kanjena. Ngemva kokufunda okuningi kangaka, ukhumbula kancane umbhalo. Kuyafana nokuhlela umgomo: kubalulekile ukuphinda.
Ingabe abantu badinga ukunakwa kwenhlanzeko?
Ngididekile lapha, ukukhuluma iqiniso. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kukhona amanethiwekhi omphakathi, izaziso - lokhu kuyaqondakala. Kuyacaca ukuthi izindlela ezijulile ezingokwengqondo zisiphoqa ukuthi sinamathele kukho konke lokhu, singasheshe sibanjwe.
Engingakwazi ukukuqonda ukuthi ibhalansi enempilo ikuphi. Ngokubona kwami, ukuyeka ngokuphelele amanethiwekhi omphakathi futhi "ukungena emhumeni" nakho akulungile kakhulu. Ngithole yonke imisebenzi yami emibili ethokozisayo - yomibili i-Yandex ne-Intercom - ezinkundleni zokuxhumana. Isibonelo, u-Kolya Yaremko (owayengumphathi womkhiqizo kwa-Yandex, omunye wabantu abadala benkampani) ubhale ku-FriendFeed mayelana nesikhala ku-Mail, u-Paul Adams useshe i-Twitter yakhe ukuthi babefuna umholi wokuklama ...
Angiqondi ukuthi ngingawubheka kanjani umsebenzi olandelayo uma ngifuna. Angikakulungeli lokhu okwamanje, kodwa noma kunjalo, kuthiwani uma ngiyeka amanethiwekhi omphakathi futhi ngisusa zonke izaziso? Kudingeka uhlobo oluthile lokulinganisela okunempilo, kodwa yini ngempela engacacile.
Lokhu kubonakala kakhulu ezinganeni. Uma ungayilawuli nhlobo, kunzima kakhulu ngengane ukuthi ihlukane; ingena ngekhanda ku-Instagram futhi ivele ingene.
Khumbula indoda okuthiwa uTristan Harris? Ukhulume kakhulu mayelana nenhlanzeko yokunaka ngenkathi esebenza kwa-Google, futhi manje useze wadala ne-NGO yocwaningo kule ndawo.
Yebo Yebo Yebo. I ngesethulo sakhe sokuqala - lapho eqala ukwenza amaslayidi mayelana nomklamo wokuziphatha. Ube esesebenza kwa-Google futhi wakhuluma ngendlela esibonakala sifuna ngayo ukudala ikusasa eliqhakazile, kodwa empeleni sidonsa ukunaka kwabantu. Okuningi kuncike kithina bantu bokudla. Akakhuthazi ukukhuluma kuphela ngamamethrikhi okuzibandakanya. Futhi-ke, ngo-2010, kwaba super-revolutionary. Abaningi babe sebeqala impikiswano ku-Google mayelana nalokhu.
Kuphinde kube yisibonelo esimangalisayo sesethulo segciwane ofuna ukwabelana ngaso futhi uxoxe nothile. Kubhalwe ngolimi olulula, konke kucacile, kucacile... Kupholile kakhulu! Ukube lokhu wayekubhale encwadini, bekungeke kuzwakale kakhulu.
U-Google wagcina emqoke njengesazi sezimiso zokuklama, futhi washeshe wahamba. Abaphathi bambeka njengesibonelo kuwo wonke umuntu - njengokuthi, wenze kahle, nasi isikhundla esihloniphekile kuwe ... Eqinisweni, bamgunyaza ngokusemthethweni, kodwa akenzanga lutho ngezimpikiswano zakhe.
Ngiyazi ukuthi ubuseBurning Man. Kusho ukuthini lokhu kuwe?
Lona quintessence lokusungula mahhala. Abantu benza imisebenzi engasile, izimoto zobuciko, bese bevele bashise iningi lazo. Futhi abakwenzi ngenxa yokuthandwa noma imali, kodwa ngenxa yesenzo sokudala. Uma ubheka konke lokhu, uqala ukucabanga ngendlela ehlukile.
Yimaphi amakhono amathathu ongathanda izingane zakho zibe nawo?
- Inkululeko yokucabanga. Ukukhululeka emibonweni engaguquki, emibonweni ebekiwe, emicabangweni yokuthi kukhona okudingayo.
- Ikhono lokufunda ngokuzimela noma yini. Uma umhlaba uqhubeka nokushintsha ngesivinini esifanayo, sonke kuzofanele sikwenze lokhu ngaso sonke isikhathi noma kunjalo.
- Ikhono lokuzinakekela wena nabanye.
Ingabe unawo amagama okugcina wabafundi?
Siyabonga ngokufunda!
Source: www.habr.com